Content
- 1 Description of deciduous rhododendron
- 2 Types and varieties of deciduous rhododendrons
- 2.1 Japanese deciduous rhododendron
- 2.2 Deciduous Rhododendron Lights
- 2.3 Rhododendron deciduous Canon Double
- 2.4 Rhododendron Deciduous Berry Rose
- 2.5 Rhododendron deciduous pink
- 2.6 Rhododendron deciduous Blumbux
- 2.7 Rhododendron deciduous Klondike
- 2.8 Rhododendron deciduous Diamond Red Costers
- 2.9 Rhododendron Deciduous Fireworks
- 2.10 Rhododendron deciduous Gibraltar
- 2.11 Rhododendron deciduous Rosie Lights
- 2.12 Rhododendron deciduous Mandarin Lights
- 3 Deciduous rhododendron in landscape design
- 4 Features of growing deciduous rhododendrons in the Moscow region
- 5 Planting and caring for deciduous rhododendron
- 6 Reproduction of deciduous rhododendron
- 7 Pests and diseases of deciduous rhododendrons
- 8 Conclusion
Deciduous rhododendron belongs to the heather family. The profusely flowering shrub is used in group plantings to decorate the garden. The shrub blooms profusely in early summer. During the flowering period, leaves are not visible behind multiple flowers. Most varieties are compact, dense bushes. Well adapted to the climate in Russia.
Description of deciduous rhododendron
Deciduous rhododendrons are highly decorative both during flowering and in autumn. The average height of the bush is about 1 m, the growth of most varieties is slow. The flowers form in the shape of a bell or a bowl. The bloom of the group is early, it occurs in late spring - early summer.
Varieties of deciduous azalea have a wide range of bright colors and combinations. Salmon, yellow, orange, beige, red shades are characteristic.
The flowers are large, collected in inflorescences from 2 to 20 flowers. The leaves of different varieties of deciduous rhododendrons change color from green to yellow, crimson and burgundy during the season.
Types and varieties of deciduous rhododendrons
Deciduous rhododendrons are more hardy, have increased winter hardiness. Varieties of the deciduous group require less maintenance, therefore, they are especially suitable for beginners to grow flowering shrubs.
Japanese deciduous rhododendron
The species is popular due to its high decorative effect, unpretentiousness and winter hardiness. The shrub grows dense, branched, from 140 to 180 cm high. The leaves are large. It blooms for a month - in late spring - early summer with the simultaneous appearance of leaves.
Flowers have a scent, 7-10 pieces are formed in the inflorescence. The diameter of the flower is 6-8 cm. The flowers of the Japanese deciduous rhododendron are salmon with shades of light, orange, red. It grows in partial shade and in the sun, increases by 20-25 cm per year.
Deciduous Rhododendron Lights
Rhododendrons Lights belong to the American selection, which has been carried out since the beginning of 1930. The varieties are distinguished by increased winter hardiness - up to -40 ° C. The bushes grow up to 1.5 m. They bloom in late spring.
The varieties are also decorative in the autumn period, changing the color of the foliage to yellow, orange or red. Variety of colors:
- white;
- pink;
- light pink;
- white and yellow;
- salmon.
Rhododendron deciduous Canon Double
Shrub 1.2-1.8 m high with a wide crown, branches grow vertically. Leaves are dull green, young with slight pubescence, adults are naked, by autumn they become red-burgundy. The flowers are large, double, multi-colored.With an overflow of white, yellow, pink, apricot shades.
Flowers are collected in inflorescences of 7-8 pcs. They have a delicate, delicate aroma. Blooms from late May to mid-June. Photophilous, tolerates partial shade. Winter hardiness - up to -26 ° С.
Rhododendron Deciduous Berry Rose
A shrub with a wide, compact crown, reaches a height of 1.5-2 m. Leaves at the beginning of the growing season have a brown-red color, then turn green. The buds are red-orange, the flowers are 5-7 cm in diameter, pink with a yellow spot. 10-14 flowers are formed in the inflorescence.
Flowers with a pleasant aroma. It blooms for about 3 weeks starting in early summer. Loves partial shade. Frost resistance - up to -25 ° С.
Rhododendron deciduous pink
A deciduous shrub native to North America, collected in 1980 and 1985. Reaches a height of 3 m. Young shoots with weak pubescence. Leaves are elongated, pointed, 3-7 cm long, gray-green above, densely pubescent below, grayish.
Fragrant flowers, collected in 5-9 pieces. Stamens with a graceful bend, in length, 2 times the size of the corolla tube. Blooms in May-June. Winter-hardy, but in very cold winters the tops of annual shoots freeze slightly.
Rhododendron deciduous Blumbux
A hybrid of German selection. The varieties began to be bred in 2000. The bush forms a low-growing one with a dense, compact crown. The size of the bush reaches 1 m in width and height. With small, narrow leaves, which are almost invisible against the background of blossoming buds.
Bloom in June for 4 weeks. Flowers 5-6 cm in diameter, white-pink with wavy petals. The flowers are bell-shaped or calyx-shaped. Adapts well to neutral soil composition. Average frost resistance - up to -20 ° С.
Rhododendron deciduous Klondike
One of the best varieties with yellow flowers. Bush in height and width - up to 1.3 m, medium vigor. The crown is dense. The flowers are fragrant, funnel-shaped, large. Young leaves of a bronze shade.
The buds are red-orange. It blooms in a fiery golden color with a shade of red. Color saturation and depth gains as it grows. Abundant flowering in April-May. Grows in full sun and partial shade. Frost resistance - up to -25 ° С.
Rhododendron deciduous Diamond Red Costers
An ornamental shrub with a spreading crown. Height - up to 1.5 m. Leaves are light green, in autumn they change color to burgundy-red and orange. The flowers are simple with a pleasant aroma, red, red-orange. There is an orange spot on the upper petal.
Blooms from May to June. Grows in open sunny areas, as well as in partial shade. Frost resistant.
Rhododendron Deciduous Fireworks
Vertical slow-growing shrub, up to 1.8 m high. The crown is dense. The leaves are shiny, 10 cm long, 4-5 cm wide. The color of the leaves at the beginning of the season is bright green, in autumn it changes to yellow, orange, red. Inflorescences are concentrated on the tops of the shoots, forming 6-12 flowers each.
In the photo of the deciduous rhododendron Fireworks, large, fiery red flowers characteristic of the variety are visible. They open wide, the edges of the petals are slightly inverted. Blossom before the appearance of leaves or simultaneously with them. The variety is photophilous, you can grow a crop in some shade. Winter hardiness - up to -25 ° С.
Rhododendron deciduous Gibraltar
One of the bright, beautifully flowering orange deciduous rhododendrons. The bush is sprawling, densely growing, in height and width reaches 1.5-2 m. With an average growth rate. The leaves are dark green at the beginning of the season. Later, they turn crimson with a transition to orange-yellow.
The flowers are numerous, bright orange, large. The shape of the flowers is bell-shaped or bowl-shaped. The inflorescences consist of 5-10 flowers. Flowering lasts from mid-May to early June. Winter hardiness zone - 5.
Rhododendron deciduous Rosie Lights
An upright bush with good branching, spreading. Height - up to 1-1.5 m.Leaves are oblong, concave, pointed. When blooming, the leaves have a greenish-yellow tint, turning into burgundy by autumn.
Flowers are large, funnel-shaped with a wave along the edge. The color is bright pink. The inflorescence unites 8 flowers. Very aromatic. A variety with high frost resistance.
Rhododendron deciduous Mandarin Lights
Variety bred in the USA in 1990. An upright shrub, rapidly growing, with a rounded crown, up to 1.8 m high. Leaves are elliptical, pointed, flat, moderate olive green.
Blooms from late May to late June. The flowers are narrow, funnel-shaped, collected in spherical inflorescences of 7-10 pcs. The shade of the petals is red-orange with a dark vein, the edges are wavy. Abundant flowering. Frost resistance - up to -36 ° С.
Deciduous rhododendron in landscape design
Deciduous rhododendrons like to grow in group plantings of 3 or more plants. This feature can be used to create decorative corners, combining different varieties of culture. Groups are placed near walls, paths and on free lawns. When planting, it is important to consider the height of mature plants, combining groups by size.
Rhododendrons feel great near water, so they can be used to decorate artificial ponds and fountains. Shrubs go well with bulbous crops. Ferns and hosts are planted nearby.
According to the demands on the soil, azaleas are planted with plants of the heather family, as well as various conifers and shrubs. The compositions are complemented by large stones.
Features of growing deciduous rhododendrons in the Moscow region
Varieties of deciduous rhododendron can be safely bought for cultivation in central Russia. Care and cultivation of deciduous azalea in the Moscow region is not particularly difficult. Young shrubs are preferably planted in spring. But seedlings in a container with a closed root system can be transplanted throughout the warm period.
Planting and caring for deciduous rhododendron
Rhododendron is a long-lived garden and can grow in a permanent place for about 30 years. Therefore, to start planting and caring for deciduous azalea, it is necessary to find a suitable place, taking into account the growth of the shrub and its size in adult form.
In the first 2 years, shrubs are characterized by slow growth. The culture does not like to grow in a single planting, it is preferable to group shrubs with similar species. But do not plant it close to trees that have the same superficial root system.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
For growing rhododendron, completely open places, sunny spots, where plants can burn out, are not suitable. Moderate shade should be created in the deciduous shrub area. This is done at the expense of buildings or neighboring trees. In the place of cultivation, it is necessary to create a windbreak.
The area for growing rhododendron should not be flooded in the spring and during the rains. To grow, the culture needs an acidic soil, loose, with good air permeability. Therefore, when planting a rhododendron for the first time, a suitable soil for planting is created anew.
Seedling preparation
A rhododendron seedling can grow in a container for several years. When planting, the roots that have been in contact with the walls of the container for a long time die off and create an impenetrable layer for living roots. In this case, the plant will not be able to develop. Therefore, when removing an earthen coma, the roots are examined, the dead are carefully cut off.
Also, for better growth of healthy roots, several cuts are made across the coma. The roots are spread, but the soil is not completely removed. When the root system is in good condition, the plant is planted with a fully preserved earthy clod.
Planting rules for deciduous rhododendron
The root system of the rhododendron is fibrous, expanding in width. Therefore, a large-sized hole is prepared for planting several times wider than the size of the seedling. The pit is filled with an acidic substrate. For this, components that give an acid reaction are added to the garden soil taken out of the pit: red high-moor peat, pine litter.
For loosening, sand is added if necessary. The components are thoroughly mixed. Ready-made rhododendron substrate can also be purchased commercially.
When planting, superphosphate or a complex of mineral fertilizers can be added to the soil mixture. At the bottom of the planting pit, about 20 cm of a drainage layer, for example, from expanded clay, is poured. The pit is covered with a prepared acidic substrate, the seedling is lowered.
An important rule of planting rhododendron is that the root collar of the plant is not buried, leaving it 2 cm higher above the soil level. If you neglect this rule, the plant will stop blooming and eventually die.
During planting, the soil is pressed lightly to fill the voids. A small earthen roller is formed around the planting, the seedling is watered abundantly. After a few weeks, the soil around the bush is leveled.
The root system of rhododendron is superficial, therefore, when caring for plants, loosening and digging of soil is not used. The soil around the shrubs must be mulched with pine bark or needles. Mulch is poured several times per season. Manure, black soil and low-lying peat are not used for the protective layer.
Transplant of deciduous rhododendrons
Deciduous rhododendrons are good at moving. A transplant is most often required when the condition of the bush is unsatisfactory in the previously selected place. Transplanting plants is more favorable in early spring or late autumn, but not during the flowering period.
Dig out the bush carefully, given that the root system spreads more in width than in depth and is close to the soil surface. The bush is taken out together with an earthen lump and transported to a pre-prepared planting pit.
At the new planting site, it is recommended to maintain the orientation to the cardinal points at which the shrub grew earlier. After transplanting, the plant is watered, shaded for several days.
Watering and feeding
When growing a deciduous rhododendron, it is important to keep an eye on soil moisture. The soil under the plants should not dry out, but should always remain moderately moist. The shrub is good for light sprinkling with warm water. Spraying is especially useful in cloudy weather. Do not water rhododendrons with tap and cold water from a hose.
Top dressing is carried out several times a season using fast-dissolving specialized fertilizers with an acid reaction.
Heather compost is used to feed deciduous rhododendron. Which includes:
- heather soil - the top layer of the pine forest litter;
- coniferous litter (needles, branches, bark, cones);
- parts of old stumps;
- moss;
- high-moor peat is red.
The components are put into a compost bin, where they decompose over several years to a homogeneous free-flowing mass. The mixture is poured under the bushes in small portions several times during the growing season.
To maintain the acidic reaction of the soil, it is watered once every 10 days with the addition of special preparations based on lactic acid bacteria or citric acid is used. To deoxidize the soil, once every few years, a handful of colloidal sulfur is scattered under the bushes.
Pruning deciduous rhododendrons
Deciduous rhododendrons form a compact crown on their own, therefore, it is pruned only if necessary, once every 3-5 years.The procedure is carried out on dormant buds; in the spring, frozen and dry shoots are removed. Sections of thick stems are treated with disinfectants.
Leaves on the shrub appear with flowers and continue to grow after flowering. To preserve the decorative effect, the faded peduncles are twisted or carefully cut so as not to damage the buds from which new leaves appear.
Preparing deciduous rhododendrons for winter
The group of deciduous rhododendrons is characterized by increased winter hardiness. Mature plants do not need shelter. Only newly planted young plants are protected.
The timing of the shelter of deciduous rhododendron, depending on the region of cultivation, occurs when constant, negative temperatures from -10 ° C are established. Earlier shelter can harm the root collar of the plant, which will begin to weep, especially with a sharp change in temperature or prolonged thaw.
The root collar is huddled for the winter, pouring rotted sawdust or pine bark. The layer of mulch, depending on the size of the bush, is from 5 to 20 cm.
For an air-dry shelter, a frame is constructed from boards or arcs and covered with spunbond. The shelter should be clear and not close to branches. At the bottom of the structure, a gap is left for the passage of air. Plastic wrap, especially of a dark color, is not used so as not to provoke overheating and rotting of the bush.
In the spring, the shelter is removed after warming up the soil or the soil is heated with warm water, the mulching layer is raked off. Otherwise, with warm air, but cold ground, the roots will not be able to supply moisture to the leaves, which will lead to the desiccation of the shrub.
Reproduction of deciduous rhododendron
Deciduous rhododendrons are propagated by seeds and cuttings. The seeds are germinated in a wet sand-peat mixture at a temperature of + 12 ... + 15 ° С. Flowering from such seedlings occurs in the 5-6 year of cultivation.
Cuttings from an adult plant are taken in the middle of summer. The stalk should be 7-9 cm long with several leaves. Cuttings are rooted in a wet mixture of sand and peat. In the southern regions, rooted cuttings are planted in the ground under a dry shelter. In colder areas, seedlings are left in a cool room for the winter.
Pests and diseases of deciduous rhododendrons
Rhododendron is especially susceptible to fungal diseases, which can be caused by an unsuitable growing area, infestation by pests. The plant is affected by rust, various leaf spots. For prevention, the bushes are sprayed with preparations containing copper.
Rhododendron can be damaged by various pests:
- mealybug;
- shield;
- spider mite;
- bedbugs;
- weevils;
- rhododendra fly;
- slugs and snails.
The shrub must be inspected periodically. To get rid of insects, insecticides and acaricides of a wide spectrum of action are used, for example, "Karbofos".
Conclusion
Deciduous rhododendron is a perennial shrub that does not lose its decorative effect during the entire warm season. Forms compact, dense bushes. Foliage changes color by autumn. During the flowering period, numerous inflorescences are painted in the brightest shades, have a fragrant aroma. In addition, deciduous rhododendrons are winter hardy.
