Planting apple trees in the fall in the Urals

Content

1 The best varieties of apple trees for the Urals
2 Conditions for growing an apple tree
3 How to plant an apple tree in autumn
4 Preparing a seedling for a harsh winter

The apple tree is a fruit tree that can be traditionally found in every garden. Aromatic and tasty fruits are grown even in the Urals, despite the harsh climate. For this region, breeders have developed a number of special varieties that are adapted to extremely low temperatures, sharp fluctuations in weather conditions and short summers. Plant such apple trees it is possible not only in spring, but also in autumn, since they are not afraid of freezing. At the same time, planting apple trees in the fall in the Urals should be carried out within a certain time frame in compliance with some rules, which we will discuss in detail later in the section.

The best varieties of apple trees for the Urals

When choosing a variety of apple trees, you need to pay attention not only to the taste and aesthetic qualities of the fruits, but also to the period of their ripening, the plant's endurance and its adaptability to frost. For the Urals, you can choose summer, autumn or winter varieties. It is recommended to grow several apple trees with different flowering and fruiting periods in one garden. This will allow, in the event of unexpected spring frosts, to preserve the harvest of at least one variety.

More specifically, it is preferable to grow the following varieties of apples in the Urals:

Apple tree "Uralets" was bred by breeders specifically for growing in harsh climatic conditions. The fruits of this variety ripen in early autumn (mid-September), are characterized by small size (weight only 50-60 g). The color of the apples is creamy, with a slight blush. The Uralets tree itself is vigorous, durable, highly resistant to severe frosts and diseases, pests. The disadvantage of the variety is the short storage period of the crop, which is only 1.5 months.
Variety name "Snowdrop" already speaks of the late ripening of the fruit. Winter apples are very tasty, aromatic, reddish, and medium-sized. The apple tree is undersized, up to 2 m high, perfectly adapted to unfavorable climatic conditions. The apple harvest can be stored for up to 4 months. The disadvantage of this variety is its low drought tolerance.
Sweet and sour, yellow apple varieties "Uralskoe bulk" ripen in mid-autumn. The variety is zoned for the Urals and is not afraid of any weather "surprises". Medium-sized apple trees adapt well to new conditions and delight with fruits already 2 years after planting. You can store a rich harvest of this variety for 2 months after ripening. Among the disadvantages of the variety, small fruit should be distinguished.
"Silver Hoof" - This is a summer variety of apples, which is known in many regions of Russia. It is famous for its excellent fruit taste and unpretentiousness. The variety is not afraid of severe winter and spring frosts, it is resistant to diseases. A medium-sized tree forms many branches, therefore it needs high-quality, regular pruning. The first fruiting occurs 3-4 years after planting. The disadvantage of this variety is its low resistance to parasitism of the moth.

In addition to the listed varieties, apple trees "Persianka", "Gift of autumn", "Summer striped", "Papirovka", "Melba" and some others are suitable for the climate of the Urals. It should be noted that the famous "Antonovka" is also widely popular among the gardeners of the Urals.

You can learn more about some varieties of apple trees adapted for the Ural climate in the video:

Conditions for growing an apple tree

Having decided to grow an apple tree in the Urals, it is very important to correctly determine the best time for planting, choose a suitable site in the garden and take care of creating a planting site. We will try to understand all these nuances in more detail.

Optimal timing for planting

Most gardeners prefer to plant apple trees in the Urals in early spring (late April). The absence of frost and a large amount of moisture have a beneficial effect on the survival rate of the plant. However, there is nothing "terrible" in the autumn planting of apple trees.

Plant fruit trees in the Urals, it is necessary in strictly defined terms, since early planting of an apple tree will cause untimely awakening of the buds, late planting will expose the plant to freezing. Thus, the optimal time for planting apple trees in autumn is at the beginning of October.

Important! It is necessary to plant an apple tree in the fall 3-4 weeks before the onset of severe frosts.

Choosing a suitable place in the garden

It is recommended to grow apple trees on a sunny plot of land, where there is no access for strong northerly winds. The relief of the site should preferably be with a slight slope to drain excess moisture. It will not be possible to grow apple trees in the lowlands, since the root system of the plant will rot. For the same reason, special attention should be paid to the location of groundwater:

If the groundwater is deeper than 7 meters from the surface of the earth, then tall apple trees can be planted.
If the groundwater is at a level of 3-4 m from the surface of the earth, then it is worth giving preference to dwarf and undersized varieties.

If necessary, artificial drainage can be provided on the site in the form of a drainage ditch or reservoir.

Choosing a good seedling

When buying an apple tree seedling, you need to pay attention to its varietal characteristics and some external signs of quality. So, you can define the following rules for choosing seedlings:

You should choose apple varieties that are zoned for the Urals or have a high level of frost resistance.
It is recommended to buy seedlings in gardeners or nurseries.
When choosing planting material, it is worth giving preference to seedlings of 1 year (such trees do not have branches) or 2 years (seedlings with 2-3 branches). Young apple trees quickly adapt to new conditions and are more likely to take root successfully.
Seedlings with an open root system should be carefully inspected. The roots of the apple tree should have a healthy appearance without thickenings, irregularities and a length of 30 cm. When cut, the color of the root should be white. A gray tint indicates freezing or rotting.
The shoot of the apple tree should be even, without cracks and growths. Under the top layer of the thin bark, when scraped, you can see the green skin of the plant.

The listed signs will help you choose from a huge variety of seedlings only the best, healthy apple trees for your garden.

Soil for the apple tree

The above listed varieties of apple trees are distinguished not only by their high frost resistance, but also by their unpretentiousness. All of them can grow in various types of soil. At the same time, preference during planting of apple trees should be given to fertile soil with a high organic content. It is important to remember that nitrogen is extremely necessary for the plant during the period of active growth. In the future, the presence of potassium and phosphorus will directly affect the quality and quantity of apples.

Important! Acidic soils can cause low yields and slow development of the fruit tree, therefore, before planting, such soils should be deoxidized by adding lime.

How to plant an apple tree in autumn

You need to take care of planting an apple tree 2-3 weeks before a seedling is purchased. Already at this time, the place of cultivation should be determined and the preparation of the planting pit should be started. The diameter of the hole should be approximately 90-110 cm, its depth should be 60-80 cm.After digging the hole, the following steps must be taken:

Fill the pit with nutritious soil with the addition of compost, manure (rotted) or peat. If desired, you can combine all of the listed components in equal proportions. If heavy clay soil prevails on the site, then sand must be included in the nutrient substrate. In autumn, fallen leaves can be added to the bottom of the planting pit, which, in the process of decomposition, will become organic fertilizer.
The nutrient soil that has filled the hole must be watered abundantly and left alone for 2-3 weeks. In case of subsidence, the amount of nutrient substrate should be replenished.
After 2 weeks, you can proceed directly to planting the apple tree. To do this, in the still loose soil, you need to make a small hole, the size corresponding to the dimensions of the roots.
Place a peg in the center of the hole, then place the seedling, carefully spreading its roots. The planting depth should be such that the root collar of the tree, after compaction of the soil, is 5 cm above ground level.
The soil around the entire perimeter of the pit must be compacted, the trunk of the apple tree must be tied to a peg.
After planting, water a young seedling abundantly, using 20-40 liters per fruit tree. The soil on the trunk circle must be mulched with peat or humus.

Important! It is not recommended to use mineral fertilizers when planting fruit trees, since they have an aggressive effect on plants.

The only mineral that an apple tree needs at an early stage of development and rooting is phosphorus. It can be added to soil as superphosphate.

You can see the whole sequence of planting and emphasize for yourself some important points of the work from the video:

If there are other fruit trees in the garden or if several apple trees are planted at once, the recommended distances between the plants should be observed. So, tall trees cannot be placed closer than 6 m, for medium-sized varieties this distance can be reduced to 4 m, and dwarf and low-growing trees will feel good even at a distance of 2.5-3 m from each other. Observance of the distance allows you to maximally open fruit trees for the penetration of sunlight, provides full air circulation, and increases the yield of the crop.

Preparing a seedling for a harsh winter

The choice of a frost-resistant variety for planting is only one of the prerequisites for the successful cultivation of an apple tree in the Urals. After all, if you plant a young apple tree in the fall, it may not even survive the first harsh wintering at all. In order to preserve a young fruit tree, you need to take care of observing some rules:

It is forbidden to prune a young seedling after planting in the fall.
The fruit tree after planting before the onset of frost needs abundant watering.
You can protect the fruit tree from parasites and diseases with a chalk solution. They coat the trunk of a young apple tree with it a few weeks after planting.
The trunk of the tree must be insulated (tied with burlap). At the foot of the fruit tree, spruce branches should be laid with a dense carpet, which will protect against freezing and parasitism of rodents.
The branches of the apple tree should be wrapped with a polyamide film. It will protect the plant from intense sunlight that can burn the tree. The film can be removed from the apple tree after the first leaves begin to appear.

A set of such simple rules will help protect a plant planted in autumn from freezing, pathogenic bacteria and rodents. In subsequent years, caring for the apple tree will consist in watering and loosening the soil, making additional fertilizing and pruning the crown.

Important! After intensive watering or heavy rains along the perimeter of the apple tree trunk, the soil must be loosened to provide oxygen access to the roots of the fruit tree. Otherwise, the apple tree may die.

It is quite difficult to be a gardener in the Urals: capricious weather, cold and short summers, severe winters.It is this “set of arguments” that scares away many owners from planting an orchard in their yard. But it is quite possible to grow your own, natural and very tasty apples in such a climate if you know how to plant plants, how to protect them from the cold and take care of them. The information proposed above allows you to successfully plant apple trees in the fall so that already with the arrival of spring, their root system is adapted to new conditions, and the fruit tree itself develops fully and in a timely manner, without delays and growth retardation.

How to plant an apple tree in the fall in the Urals