How to properly prune an old apple tree in spring + scheme

Content

1 The main patterns of pruning
2 What can be done in the fall: diagram
3 What to do with an old apple tree in spring: a diagram
4 Features of phased rejuvenation
5 Extreme pruning of an old apple tree
6 Root system rejuvenation
7 Caring for a tree after undergoing anti-aging pruning
8 Tips for inexperienced gardeners

Each plant has its own time to live. So your apple trees have grown old, the yield has decreased, the apples have become small. So it's time to rejuvenate them. The only way to do this is by cropping.

Attention! Rejuvenating pruning can only be carried out on those apple trees that have retained strong skeletal branches, and the trunk is healthy.

Apple pruning is done correctly, otherwise you can simply destroy the tree. In this case, each case will have its own characteristics, so the process should be approached creatively. But there are also rules that must always be followed.

The main patterns of pruning

The best time for pruning is spring, namely the month of March. At this time, the largest amount of nutrients is concentrated in the wood, so the tree will endure pruning less painfully. Some of the pruning steps are possible, and even desirable, in the fall.

Pruning is always done in stages. If you cut off the entire crown at once, the tree may simply not survive.
Pruning always begins with the part of the crown oriented south.
For tall apple trees, the shoots are shortened to reduce the height of the tree by about a third.
It is undesirable to prune the branches that make up the skeleton of the tree, this is an extreme measure, it greatly weakens the apple tree.
Remove shoots that have ceased to grow. All cuts are made with a 45 degree angle.
When removing large branches, you need to remember that no more than 2 of them with a thickness of about 10 cm can be removed without harm to the tree.
All branches are thinner than a pencil and thicker with a diameter of up to 4 cm, cut directly under the bud. Sections are best overgrown if the shoot is less than 2 cm thick.

Cut off the shoots, transferring them to the side branch so that their growth is vertical.
All knots and hemp must be removed.
Subordination must be observed: the lower branches should not be higher than the upper shoots in height, lagging behind them in this indicator by about a third.
Simultaneously with pruning the crown, the roots of the apple tree are rejuvenated.
Cleaning the sections with a knife and smearing with garden varnish based on paraffin oils is a mandatory event after pruning. If the cut is more than 5 cm in diameter, it is covered with a dark plastic wrap, which is fixed. At the beginning of September, the film must be removed.
After pruning, only the strongest ones are left from the spinning tops that have appeared on the apple tree, growing outward, keeping a distance of 50 to 70 cm between them. The remaining shoots must be removed as soon as they grow 10 cm in length. Shoots are removed throughout the season.

In the photo, yellow arrows indicate tops extending from the skeletal branches - red-yellow arrows.

If the tree is regularly looked after and the crown is formed, it will be much easier to carry out anti-aging pruning. Sometimes, when the garden is left unattended, the apple trees are so neglected that it will take at least 10 years to bring them into proper form.

Warning! Cardinal pruning of the entire crown at once leads to a sharp decrease in yield. It will take more than one year for an apple tree to return to the previous fruiting regime.

We will obey the recommendations of experienced gardeners and carry out pruning of old neglected apple trees according to all the rules.

What can be done in the fall: diagram

Start - sanitary pruning:

Branches with signs of disease are removed, as well as dead ones with damage. Trimming is done on a ring. In apple tree branches, the ring is a wrinkled part of the bark at the very base. It is never cut off. The cut is always made slightly higher.
The crown is thinned out, for which, first of all, diseased and twisted branches are removed.
Cut off the branches that make up a small angle with the trunk.
Cut off all confused branches, as well as those that are in contact with each other.
All slices are carefully smoothed. They are treated with garden varieties.

Important! Pruning in the fall should be carried out after the end of the growing season of the tree, that is, when the leaf fall has already passed.

For more information about the autumn formation of an old apple tree, we look at the video:

What to do with an old apple tree in spring: a diagram

The spring formation of apple trees is carried out before the buds swell. The branches are shortened above the bud, the cut is made oblique, the upper side is at the same level as the bud. For proper crown formation, the upper branches should be shorter than the lower and middle branches.

At the same time, in the spring, those shoots that are frozen are removed.

Warning! A heavily frozen apple tree is pruned a month later in order to understand the extent of the damage, and it is easy to distinguish healthy branches.

The length of the shoots left depends on the strength of the tree's growth:

in stunted and dwarfs, only the tip of the shoot needs to be removed;
in apple trees of medium growth, the shoots are shortened by a third;
in vigorous apple trees - half.

All sections are processed in the same way as in the fall.

All the details of pruning and shaping old apple trees in spring in the video:

Features of phased rejuvenation

The first stage of rejuvenating an old apple tree begins from the southern part of the crown. After pruning, the remaining part of the crown should be no more than 3m in height, and the length of the branches should not exceed 2m.

During this part of the pruning, the northern area of the crown remains unchanged, and the main fruiting will occur there. Skeletal branches are not cut off unnecessarily, but semi-skeletal branches of all branching orders are removed or shortened as much as is required in each specific case. After about 4 years, the regrown trimmed part of the crown begins to bear fruit. At this time, they begin to rejuvenate the northern part of the crown of the tree, carrying it out in the same order.

Extreme pruning of an old apple tree

With age, in tall apple trees, fruiting is concentrated on the periphery of the crown. Harvesting from such apple trees is very difficult. In this case, you can try extreme pruning of the tree. Before starting it, we make sure that the tree trunk is in good condition, not damaged and has no hollows or traces of disease. Pruning is carried out over the growth shoot, so as not to completely expose the crown, reducing its height to 2 m. The tree forms a large number of young shoots, on which later fruiting will occur. It is possible to form a tree in another way, as shown in the photo below.

At the same time, the main skeletal branches are gradually shortened by half and transferred to lateral growth.

Important! It is advisable to carry out such pruning in the spring, protecting all sections by processing with garden varnish, as well as with a dark film.

It must be removed in the fall so that the tree can prepare for winter. If you do such pruning in the fall, there is a high probability of freezing of the shoots.

Root system rejuvenation

It is started 4 years after the rejuvenation of the southern part of the crown. At this time, the northern part is rejuvenated. On the side where the crown was trimmed, about 3 m recede from the apple tree trunk, dig a trench 75 cm wide and deep, and its length should correspond to the trimmed part of the crown. The top layer of soil with a depth on the bayonet of the shovel must be folded separately. Bare roots are cut with a sharp shovel, large ones are cut with a garden saw or cut with an ax.

Important! Large sections need to be cleaned, this will contribute to the rapid regrowth of roots, as well as good healing of wounds.

The dug trench must be filled with a mixture of humus with fertile soil set aside. Proportions: one to one. You need to add wood ash to the mixture, as well as complex mineral fertilizer. In the event that the soil consists mostly of clay, it is loosened by adding coarse sand mixed with small pebbles. On light sandy soils, add a mixture of peat and clay to the trench. If possible, add compost, which contains a lot of earthworms.

Advice! It is best to hold this event in the fall, which precedes pruning, starting in the second half of October.

To make up for the damage caused to the tree by strong pruning and to promote the early growth of new shoots, it must be properly cared for.

Caring for a tree after undergoing anti-aging pruning

If the old the apple tree was rejuvenated by pruning, its near-stem circle needs to be fertilized. The amount of fertilizers applied depends on how well the soil is provided with nutrients. If such security is average, for each square meter the following is introduced:

from 6 to 8 kg of organic matter;
about 20 g of urea;
16 to 19 g of potassium chloride;
13 g superphosphate.

Up to 250 g per square meter of wood ash is an excellent source of potassium, phosphorus and trace elements. Apple trees are fertilized both in autumn and spring. To close up fertilizers, the soil is loosened with a pitchfork or dug up with a shovel, but not deeper than 15 cm. After the snow melts, the trunk circle is loosened so that moisture is not lost.

Advice! In order for food to reach the roots faster, it is introduced into drilled wells or specially dug grooves.

For a tree that is about 30 years old, it will take about 20 wells. They are drilled to a depth of 55-60 cm. In such wells, fertilizers must be applied in a dissolved state. The amount of fertilizer remains the same as for digging. If it is decided to apply top dressing to the grooves, then they are arranged a little further than the outer border of the crown. The length of the recess is 40 cm, with a width of about 50. After applying top dressing, they need to be covered with earth. The next year, the tree is fed from all sides. Summer feeding of apple trees with complex fertilizers is necessary. If the tree is going to give a large harvest, foliar feeding will be very useful. For this, a solution of urea of 1% concentration is used: 100 g of fertilizer is diluted in 10 liters of water. Carries out such top dressing in the middle of summer so that the tree will lay a sufficient number of flower buds for the next year.

Tips for inexperienced gardeners

In order to distinguish fruiting branches and not remove them when pruning, it must be remembered that fruiting takes place on the following vegetative organs:

ringlets - processes no longer than 5 cm with annular scars on the bark and apical bud;
spears up to 15 cm long, located at an angle of 90 degrees to the branch, and having often sitting buds and small thorns;
fruit twigs - branches of a rather long length, which can be either straight or curved.

Most of all, they are rich in ringlets.

For those who are just starting gardening and do not have enough experience with pruning, the following tips will help:

For pruning, they use a special garden tool: garden saws, a rod lopper. Tools must be sharpened and free from rust.
We must not forget about the disinfection of the instrument, otherwise you can infect the tree with pathogens. It is carried out either with a special antiseptic or medical alcohol, preferably after each cut, in extreme cases, when starting to cut the next tree.
Remember to process the wood cuts immediately after pruning and stripping to keep them from drying out.

For those who are going to prune an old apple tree for the first time, the video will help:

Pruning old apple trees is a lengthy process that requires a lot of work and effort, but it will help to prolong the active fruiting of the tree by at least 15 years.