Content
Plum Zarechnaya early is considered a popular crop among summer residents, since it is unpretentious in care, grows for a long time, and blooms in spring. Her fruits are delicious and it doesn't take a lot of hassle to get the harvest. The plum variety Zarechnaya early will find application in home practice and farm selective agricultural technology.
Breeding history of the variety
Early ripe plums of the Zarechnaya early variety were obtained not so long ago. In 1986 the variety was bred by selective crossing of three different plums. A year later, a "formula" was obtained, which contained characteristics and notes from the observations of scientists. It was also already known how to care for it and when it is best to plant. Plum Zarechnaya in 1988 was registered in the State Register by G. Kursakov as an early ripening variety. It was liked by many appraisers, and thanks to its characteristics it grows in latitudes with a temperate climate. Home plum Zarechnaya early can withstand cold and heat, which makes it versatile for many summer residents and breeders.
Most often it can be found on the territory of the CIS and Baltic countries. Sometimes the plum can be found in the regions of central Siberia, where the summer is warm and the winter is not very harsh.
Description of Zarechnaya plum early
Early varieties of plums are characterized by low growth, therefore their crown is spreading and dense. The average foliage indicates the impossibility of growing a dense crop, but this does not prevent the owners from enjoying the ripe fruits.
The description of the Zarechnaya plum can be stopped in more detail on the crown and foliage. The branches of this plum variety have a rounded shape, low shoots. The crown does not grow and develop quickly, but the foliage appears earlier than the shoots. This is not typical for early varieties of plum, but Zarechnaya early in this regard is considered an exception.
The shoots of the Zarechnaya plum early are small, brown in color. At the same time, the kidneys are of a rich brown color, but small with a sharp crown. Pointed "little bodies" are distinguished by the shape of droplets, which are tightly pressed by the whole mass to the shoots.
Plum variety Zarechnaya has large leaves, which are slightly pointed, but still remain round. This compensates for their not dense arrangement, and due to their space, they create a shadow. The flowers can be characterized as white with a yellow tinge of the shoots, inside which the pistil is twice as large as the stamens. Inside, they are quite bright at the base - greenish with a light orange color.
The fruits of the Zarechnaya early plum variety are quite beautiful:
- These are beautiful purple sweets.
- Their shape is even, round, not flattened.
- The mass of one plum reaches 60 g.
- The wax coating is not too dense.
- The pulp of the Zarechnaya plum has a sweet taste with sourness, which disappears closer to the period of full ripening.
- The skin is not thick, but dense. It is hard to bite through it, but this preserves the taste and prevents the fruit from spoiling.
Due to these characteristics, the plum variety Zarechnaya Rannyaya tolerates transportation conditions very well. Transportable, almost indestructible in the cold store, and often exported and imported. The tasting score is 4.7 points, which is not bad for an early variety with small fruits and such a crown.
Home plum Zarechnaya early, whose description is gaining the attention of many selectors, is considered a table-technical variety. This makes it in demand among private traders and farm companies.
Variety characteristics
The characteristic of the Zarechnaya early plum variety differs from other types. Particularly noteworthy are her data on resistance to cold and frost. It is also attracted by its ability to survive extreme heat without requiring additional watering.
Drought resistance, frost resistance
Zarechnaya early plum variety easily tolerates drought and frost. One-year and two-year-old seedlings should be covered with snow in the first years of life. In the summer, only two waterings are enough, since the tree blooms and bears fruit quickly.
Plum pollinators Zarechnaya early
The Zarechnaya early plum variety is considered self-infertile, therefore, next to the seedlings, plums of the Renklod Tambovsky or Etude variety are always planted. These pollinating plums provide a rich harvest. The etude will "convey" its properties, rewarding the seedlings with future sweet fruits. One variety is enough. If you plant two pollinators at once, the Zarechnaya early plum will take over the properties of both varieties at once.
It is best to plant them on opposite sides of the Zarechnaya home. Then the fruits will be evenly on the plum, and the ripening will be the same as in the description.
It blooms in early spring and is ready to bear fruit in a few weeks. She shares them as quickly as she blooms. Plums of this variety grow in just a week, but ripen towards the end of spring. Then you can feel both a sour taste and a completely dessert one.
Productivity and fruiting
The blooming period of the Zarechnaya early plum is short - only a few weeks after the snow melts. Already after the appearance of the buds, the plum bears fruit - a week after the flowers bloom. The early-growing variety gives a crop evenly distributed on the crown. Fruits ripen quickly, and the taste does not change, despite the timing of the harvest.
Scope of berries
Self-fertile plum Zarechnaya early is used for domestic and commercial purposes. Private traders plant it in their summer cottage garden. Farmers resort to planting large areas. Some of the plums are processed, where various secondary products are obtained from it, such as purees, juices and jams. For home use, it is suitable for baking pastries, stewed fruit and jam. Do not use it for drying, as the skin is dense and the final product is too tough.
Disease and pest resistance
To prevent the plum from getting sick, it is advisable to plant it in the region in which it is zoned. The Zarechnaya early plum variety is not susceptible to strong and frequent illnesses, however, it is worth taking care of disease prevention, as sometimes it is affected by fungus and "colds".
Advantages and disadvantages of the variety
It has many advantages, but also disadvantages. The height of the Zarechnaya early plum tree reaches more than 2 m, which is an indisputable advantage, because the harvest on it is large and dense due to medium-sized plums. The only disadvantage is that the plum variety is early, and sometimes it is not suitable for seasonal sale.
Plum planting Zarechnaya
Before stocking up on materials and planting fruit trees in the garden, it is worth figuring out which variety you need to plant. Much depends on the stock, water and soil fertility. The yellow plum Zarechnaya is also a relative of the early one, but it differs in color and fruit pulp.Accordingly, these two varieties will look good together as they require a maximum of one pollinator.
Plum Zarechnaya early does not tolerate hurricanes and strong winds, therefore, you need to prepare in advance a shelter that would protect plums of this variety. Just the same for them, you can pick up a small area right behind the house or along the fence. Clay and sand are the most terrible enemies for them, therefore they avoid such areas. The water level should reach 2 m, then the drain will take root.
There should be at least 3-4 m between plums of the same variety, preferably 5-6 m, so that they can spread their branches. The crown will create shade, so abundant watering in the summer is not needed.
Recommended timing
The best time for planting is early spring, which is also indicated by the name of the plum. It is permissible to plant annual seedlings, but only by the end of spring, and only two-year-old in the fall. Then the trees will survive both the winds in winter and slushy demi-season bad weather.
Choosing the right place
The early one, like the Hungarian Zarechnaya plum, loves a cozy place, a nook that will protect from unnecessary winds and frosts. Do not plant in the sun, because excessive UV rays will be superfluous for the crown of the plum.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
It is not recommended to plant fruit trees that are not pollinators. There are not many of them for Zarechnaya early plum, so it is permissible to plant one variety. There should not be an abundance of other fruit trees.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Before planting, a hole is dug 60 x 60 in size. This is enough for the roots to adhere to the ground. A stake is installed at the bottom of the pit, which will serve as a support. Zarechnaya early plum is not located close to the stake - it is 17-18 cm away from the center.
Landing algorithm
The very process of planting the Zarechnaya early plum variety is as follows:
- After disembarkation, the pit is covered with earth.
- Fertilizers do not need to be prepared, only after instillation.
- A moat is made around the plum, where water is poured.
Immediately after filling the soil, you need to water the plums abundantly. It is advisable to do this in three to four passes, so that the ground is initially saturated, and the plum can "drink" for the next few weeks.
Plum follow-up care
To improve and maintain the quality of fruits, it is worth regulating the degree of fruiting and the density of the crown:
- Unwanted layering is removed.
- Dry branches are pruned.
- The distance between fruits is also manually adjusted.
- Branches are thinned out in productive years if it is necessary to reduce fruiting or make it even annually.
It is also important to install a support that will not come into contact with the tree trunk. They also need to be installed under the branches so that they do not break under the mass of the crop. There is no need to feed the first years of life. Plum variety Zarechnaya early does not need this, what is its advantage. But in the third year it is worth fertilizing:
- At the end of spring, add urea and dilute it in a bucket of water.
- Next month there is more urea - already 1.5 times more.
- In August, the same amount of urea as there was in May at the end of the season.
The tree no longer needs feeding. It remains to monitor the growth and uniform spreading of the crown.
Shorter trees are better suited to winters when they grow in breadth rather than upward. Leaving will also be simplified, because not everyone can get to the top.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Diseases affect plum varieties President and Zarechnaya early, which are similar to each other in this:
- Sometimes plums of this variety can get sick with bushiness and rust.
- Scab is also common.
- Clasterosporium and moniliosis are more common.
- Coccomycosis is the main problem if it appears.
It is very difficult to get rid of some diseases. Also, the plums of the Zarechnaya early variety are threatened by the danger of pests: ringed silkworms love trunks and branches, like the plum moth. And the hawthorn and fruit mite eat the leaves and all the fruits. Aphids attack shoots and early fruits.
Conclusion
The early Zarechnaya plum is a thermophilic tree that bears fruit. To prevent the plums of the Zarechnaya early variety from getting sick, it is necessary to carry out prevention. The fruit must have the stated flavor and the condition of the tree must remain satisfactory.
