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Apple-tree Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is one of the unpretentious autumn varieties that give good yields. The fruits of this tree tolerate transportation and wintering well, and are suitable for raw consumption, as well as for subsequent processing.
Breeding history
The apple variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya was bred by the Russian breeder Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin in 1913 as a result of crossing the varieties Bessemyanka Komsinskaya and Skryzhapel. The scientist set himself the goal of obtaining a variety that is resistant to growing in regions with cold climates, in conditions of frequent blizzards and winds. 8 years after receiving the seedling, it was possible to grow the first fragrant fruits with a tasty sweet and sour pulp.
Apple-tree Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is an ecologically sustainable and high-yielding variety
Description of the apple variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya with photo
The apple variety Bessemyanka Michurinskaya quickly became widespread. The plant is suitable for growing in small private areas, as well as in industrial plantings.
Fruit and tree appearance
An adult fruiting tree is of medium or higher average height, with few powerful branches. The crown of young trees is oval, becoming wide and rounded over time.
Description of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree:
- branches are thick, not long, without pubescence;
- bark color - light brown;
- leaves slightly wrinkled, with the edge tucked up, dark emerald color;
- stalks are thick and round.
Fruits are medium in size (weighing up to 160 g), roundish, slightly flattened in the center. The skin is green-yellow, with red stripes, covered with a waxy bloom.
From the side where the apples are intensely sunlit, bright red spots can often be seen. The seed nest of the fruit has the shape of a bulb, the chambers are closed, with 1-2 seeds, or no seeds at all.
Life span
Planted on a hill in a suitable climatic zone, the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree can live for more than 75 years. The main condition for the longevity of the fruit tree is proper timely care:
- fertilizer replenishment;
- pruning;
- watering;
- loosening the soil;
- weed removal.
Taste
The pulp of the ripe apple-tree of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya has a creamy hue, the taste is sweet with sourness. Apples are very juicy, fragrant, rich in vitamin C (20-21 mg per 100 g of pulp). The total amount of sugars in ripe fruits is about 11%, acids - 0.7%.
The fruits of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya are green-yellow, with crimson spots on one side, flowing into stripes on the other
Growing regions
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is mainly grown in the Central and North-Western regions of Russia, as well as in the East of Siberia. The tree is not afraid of winds, storms and frosts due to its varietal feature - strong wood of the branches and trunk.
Yield
The variety has a high yield - up to 120 kg of fruits from 1 adult tree annually, despite the increased shedding during the ripening period. In order to protect themselves from losses associated with spoilage of apples, it is important for gardeners to collect them before mid-September, without waiting for overripening.
Frost resistant
This apple variety is resistant to cold and frost, tolerates wintering well, temperature drops in winter and night. Additional insulation for Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is not required.
Disease and pest resistance
The variety is resistant to pests and fungal diseases, in particular - to scab. To enhance immunity, it is recommended to carry out annual preventive spraying and fertilizing with insecticides: copper sulfate, Inta-Vir.
Flowering period and ripening period
The fruiting plant is covered with a scattering of pale pink flowers from mid-May to mid-June. Then the stage of formation and ripening of fruits begins. You can harvest from the second mid-September, without waiting for the fruits to begin to fall on their own.
Pollinators
Bessemyanka Michurinskaya is a self-fertile variety. To get a good harvest near this tree, you need to plant pollinating apple trees, for example: varieties Melba, Annis, Ottawa.
Transportation and keeping quality
The fruits have a strong skin and firm pulp, are well transported and stored in cool storage for 4 months (provided that the apples were carefully picked, the skin is intact, without damage).
Advantages and disadvantages
The only drawback of the variety is the high crumbling of fruits during ripening. Despite this, a good harvest is usually harvested from Bessemyanka Michurinskaya.
During ripening, the fruits of the Bessemyanka are heavily crumbled
Pros of the variety:
- environmental sustainability;
- high yield - up to 220-230 kg of apples from 1 tree;
- good commercial quality of fruits.
The fruits withstand transportation well, have an attractive appearance and excellent taste. Apples of this variety are suitable for eating raw, as well as for further processing into jams, preserves, compotes, and drying.
Landing
It is recommended to plant Bessemyanka in early autumn or in mid-spring. Before the onset of cold weather, a tree of this variety should take root and strengthen - only in this case it will be able to survive the winter. The plant develops well in an elevated sunny area, away from groundwater. The soil should be light, air and water tight, for example sandstone or loam.
Planting stages:
- Before planting Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, you need to prepare a hole up to 80 cm deep, 1 m wide, an organic mineral mixture is placed on its bottom.
- The top layer of soil must be mixed with fertilizers, and this mixture must be filled with a seedling installed in the center of the hole along with a peg for support.
- Around the perimeter of the hole, bumpers should be formed from the ground, which will allow moisture to be retained at the landing site.
- The planting site is watered abundantly with water.
It is recommended to mulch the land around the seedling with sawdust or manure - this will help keep the root system from drying out and freezing, as well as protect from active weed growth.
Growing and care
After planting a seedling of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya, it is recommended to regularly loosen the topsoil in the area of the trunk circle - this is necessary to improve air exchange and moisture passage to the root system. Loosening is carried out the day after watering, when the moisture has already been absorbed, and the earth has not had time to dry out.
Tree care includes:
- Pruning - produced in autumn (remove old, dry, damaged shoots), as well as in spring (crown formation, starting from the 4th year after planting).
- Watering during the warm season (for an adult tree, 1 bucket of water at room temperature is enough once every 2 weeks).
- Weed removal.
- Top dressing with organic fertilizers at the end of autumn.
- Replenishment with mineral fertilizers (nitrogen-containing fertilizers - in early spring; phosphorus-potassium fertilizers - once every 3 weeks from the moment the buds appear until the beginning of fruit formation).
- Foliar dressing, spraying the crown with microelements.
Although the Bessemyanka Michurinskaya apple tree is resistant to fungal diseases and scab, it is recommended to carry out preventive spraying of this tree with insecticides and fungicides 2-3 times a season. This will prevent the appearance of fruit pests: leaf rollers, weevils, fruit mites.
Collection and storage
In September, apples are ready to be harvested, after which they can be stored in a cellar or a specially equipped cool fruit storage for 3.5 months. It is important to start harvesting on time - before the fruits begin to crumble. You need to pick apples with a stalk, carefully put them in a prepared container, do not throw or beat.
Ripe fruits of Bessemyanka Michurinskaya are stored in a cool room for up to 4 months
It is advisable to set aside the fallen fruits separately. You need to use them first of all, since they are stored less than those plucked from a tree.
Conclusion
Apple tree Bessemyanka Michurinskaya was involved in the development of 12 new highly adaptive and environmentally sustainable varieties. In addition, this species is very popular in domestic gardening.
The aromatic sweet and sour fruits of Bessemyanka with a wine aftertaste are actively used for processing, as well as for fresh consumption in the autumn-winter period. High rates of productivity, transportation and keeping quality indicate that this variety is one of the most successful breeding experiments of the famous Michurin I.V.
