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Late varieties of apple trees are valued primarily for their high keeping quality and good preservation. And if, at the same time, they also have high frost resistance and excellent taste, then any gardener will want to have such a fruiting tree on his site. The North Sinap apple variety is one of those.
Breeding history
The history of the North Sinap apple variety began almost 100 years ago. In the first half of the last century, scientists set themselves the task of breeding frost-resistant species on the basis of tasty, but much more thermophilic southern fruit trees. At this time, on the basis of the All-Russian Research Institute of Horticulture named after IV Michurin, experiments were carried out with the Crimean (Kandil) Sinap variety. Its excellent taste has been known for a long time, but this apple tree was not suitable for northern latitudes due to its weak cold resistance. As a result of pollination of the Crimean synap with Kitayka pollen, the variety Kandil Kitayka was obtained, however, its resistance to negative temperatures remained unsatisfactory.
Apple tree Kandil synap - the progenitor of the North synap
The experiments were continued. In 1927, under the leadership of I. S. Isaev, seedlings of the Kandil Kitayka variety were planted on the territory of one of the experimental stations in the Moscow Region. Most of them later died, unable to withstand the cold winters, but there were also survivors. Of these seedlings, the most promising, with good taste and regular fruiting, was subsequently selected. He became the first specimen of the North Sinap apple variety, a photo and description of which is given below.
In 1959, after numerous variety trials, it was included in the State Register as recommended for cultivation in the Volga and Central Black Earth regions, as well as in the south of Eastern Siberia, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia.
Description
Over the decades of its existence, the North Synap has become widespread in many regions, mainly with a temperate climate. Such popularity of apple trees of this variety is due, first of all, to the unique keeping quality of fruits, which can retain their taste and presentation until May next year.
Fruit and tree appearance
Apple trees of the Northern Sinap variety are vigorous, their height, depending on the rootstock, can reach 5-8 m. The crown is broad-pyramidal, of medium density. The tree has a powerful skeleton, from which numerous lateral branches extend. The bark on the trunk is gray, young shoots are cherry-gray in color and slightly pubescent, larger branches become brownish. Leaves are medium in size, obovate, pubescent, dark green with a grayish tinge. The petiole is short, thickened.
Ripe North Sinup apples have a slight blush
Ripe apples of the North Sinap (pictured above) are rounded-conical, their average weight is 100-120 g. The cover color of the fruits is green-yellow, with a brown-red blush. The skin is smooth, shiny, smooth, acquires an oily sheen during storage. The funnel is narrow, shallow, smooth, without rust. The peduncle is not very long, brown, of medium thickness. The apple pulp is white, often with a greenish tinge.
Life span
On vigorous rootstocks, an apple tree can live up to 60 years, but the quality and size of the fruit in this case will be lower. A semi-dwarf rootstock reduces the tree's lifespan to about 40 years, but in this case it will be less vigorous and more compact. The quality of the fruits will also increase, they will become larger and more tasty.
The most compact apple trees grow on dwarf rootstocks North Sinap
Taste
Apples of the Northern Sinap variety have a high tasting score - 4.6 with the maximum possible 5 points. The taste of the fruit is described as refreshing, sweet with a pleasant sourness.
Growing regions
The optimal regions for growing apple trees of the Northern Sinap variety are the Central Black Earth Region, as well as the Middle and Lower Volga regions. It is here that all the positive qualities of the species are revealed most fully. In addition, Eastern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia) are among the possible regions for cultivating the variety, but it is recommended to grow apple trees in stanza form here.
Yield
Apple trees of the Northern Sinap variety have an average early maturity. The first harvest can be obtained 5-8 years after planting. On apple trees grafted onto semi-dwarf rootstocks, fruits can appear in 3-4 years, and on dwarfs - as early as 2 years. After 20 years, fruiting decreases, becomes sharply periodic, productive years alternate with times of poor harvest. This becomes especially noticeable if the tree is not cut.
Apple trees of the North Sinup can produce an excellent harvest
Frost resistant
Apple trees of the Northern Sinap variety are considered frost-resistant. According to this indicator, they are only slightly inferior to Antonovka ordinary. Mature trees can tolerate frosts down to -35 ° C. In colder regions, local damage to the trunk and branches is possible, especially in young specimens.
Disease and pest resistance
The apple trees of the Northern Sinap variety do not have a pronounced immunity to any disease. Scab and powdery mildew resistance is average. For the prevention of diseases and the appearance of pests, trees must be treated with special preparations.
Flowering period and ripening period
The Northern Synap blooms in May, the process usually begins in the first decade. At this time, the whole apple tree is covered with reddish flowers with pink petals, exuding a delicate honey aroma.
Apple blossoms last from 1 to 1.5 weeks
Apples reach technical ripeness in October. After removal, the fruit should be allowed to stand for several weeks, during which time their taste will significantly improve. After that, the crop can be processed or stored.
Pollinators
The North Sinap variety is partially self-fertile. To obtain a high yield, the presence of a number of pollinators is mandatory. Antonovka ordinary, Mekanis, Orlik, Orlovskoe winter, Memory of a warrior, Pepin saffron, Slavyanka are well suited in this capacity.
Transportation and keeping quality
The North Sinap variety has excellent keeping quality and transportability, which is why it is often grown commercially. Apples removed in a state of technical ripeness can lie without significant loss of marketable properties for up to six months, if optimal storage conditions are provided (temperature 0-4 ° C and humidity about 85%).
Advantages and disadvantages
Over the long period of existence of the North Synap, gardeners have accumulated vast experience of working with it.The positive and negative properties of these apple trees have long been known, and they must be taken into account when choosing a variety for planting in a personal plot.
The harvest of apples of the North Sinup variety can be stored almost until the middle of next year.
Pros:
- Frost and drought resistance.
- High productivity.
- Early maturity.
- Phenomenal keeping quality and good transportability of the crop.
- Excellent taste.
- The ability to use the crop both for storage and for industrial processing.
- Apples do not crumble for a long time.
Minuses:
- Large dimensions of a tree grafted onto a tall stock.
- Medium disease resistance.
- With a high yield, there are many small fruits.
- Very late ripeness.
- When grown to the north of the recommended regions, apples do not have time to gain sugar content.
- Partial self-fertility, pollinators are required for a good harvest.
- Demanding regular pruning and maintenance.
- Good taste appears only after a long aging of the removed apples.
- Sharp frequency of fruiting.
Landing rules
For planting the North Sinap apple tree, it is better to choose an open, well-lit place. It is desirable that it be protected from the cold north wind. The groundwater at the site should not approach the surface closer than 1 m. It should be borne in mind that the adult North Sinap apple tree is a powerful tall tree with a dense crown, it will give a strong shadow. Therefore, you should not plant it in the immediate vicinity of a house or other sun-loving plants.
Seedlings of the North Sinap apple tree can be purchased from nurseries, specialized gardening stores or online. It is most correct to plant them in a permanent place in September, then the young tree will have time to take root before the onset of frost and will well endure the winter. If the age of the seedling is 2 years or more, then it can be planted in the spring, in April, immediately after the ground thaws.
Apple tree seedlings are best purchased in special nurseries.
It is better to prepare pits for planting apple trees in advance so that the earth has time to be saturated with air. The excavated soil is saved, it will be required in the future to backfill the root system. It is worth adding a little superphosphate and potassium salt to it, these fertilizers will help the seedling grow stronger faster in the pre-winter period. The size of the planting pit should be such that it can be guaranteed to accommodate the entire root system of a young apple tree. For a three-year-old seedling, a depth and diameter of 0.5-0.6 m is quite enough.
The landing itself consists of several stages:
- A strong stake is driven into the bottom of the landing pit near its center. At first, it will serve as a support for the seedling, otherwise it can be broken by the wind.
- A few hours before planting, the roots of the apple tree are soaked in water. This will allow them to quickly begin to perform their functions in a new place.
- A pile of earth is poured at the bottom of the pit and a seedling is tried on. After planting, its root collar should not be buried.
- Having leveled the height of the seedling, it is installed vertically, the roots are straightened, then the hole is filled with prepared soil, periodically compacting it so that voids do not form.
- After the pit is completely filled with soil substrate, a small circular ridge is formed from the ground at a distance of 0.5 m from the trunk. It will retain water and prevent it from spreading.
- The last stage is abundant watering of the planted tree, and the root zone is mulched with peat. The seedling is tied to a support.
The root collar is not buried when planting an apple tree
Growing and care
The apple tree of the North Sinup variety needs good care. It is imperative to form a growing tree, as a rule, a sparse-tiered scheme is used for this. Regularly, you need to carry out sanitary pruning, cleaning the crown from dry, broken and diseased branches.With a decrease in fruiting, apple trees are rejuvenated by removing part of the old wood and transferring growth to one of the young promising shoots. Without pruning, the tree quickly "clutters up", the harvest becomes shallow and becomes irregular.
The North Synap apple tree does not require special watering. It is quite drought-resistant, atmospheric moisture is sufficient for it. In very dry periods, as well as during fruit setting, additional watering can be organized with 5-10 buckets of water for each adult tree. Be sure to do this procedure in late autumn, after harvesting. Such water-charging irrigation will strengthen the tree and increase its frost resistance.
In dry times, apple trees need watering
The Northern Sinap variety is undemanding for feeding. If the soil is poor, then periodically rotted manure or humus should be introduced into the root zone, closing it up during the autumn digging of the near-trunk circles. In the pre-winter period and early spring, whitewashing of boles should be done. This will prevent frost cracks and also reduce the risk of rodent and pest damage to the bark.
When to pick North Sinup apples for safekeeping
Ripe apples of the Northern Sinap variety hold well on the branch, so they can be removed for storage only before the very frost, in the second half of October or even at the beginning of November, if the weather permits. For this purpose, only undamaged fruits are selected. The rest of the crop can be processed. The North Sinup apples make excellent jam, jam, jam.
Conclusion
The apple variety North Sinap is loved and appreciated by more than one generation of gardeners. Some consider it morally obsolete, preferring new species. However, even now, few of them can compete with the North Sinup apple trees in terms of such qualities as excellent taste combined with excellent keeping quality.
