Content
The mushroom house is a harmful representative of the Serpulov family. This species settles on wood and leads to its rapid destruction. It often appears in damp, dark areas of residential buildings. The fungus grows quickly, turning wood into dust, so when the first symptoms of infection are found, it is necessary to start a fight.
Description of the mushroom house
White house mushroom at a young age is represented by numerous whitish or light gray dots, which grow together over time, forming a wide, oval shape. The surface is covered with mucus or takes on a woolly coating.
At the initial stage of development, the fruit body is painted in a snow-white color, as it grows, the color changes to red-yellow or brown-rusty. The tough pulp has a flaky, rubbery structure.
To recognize the mushroom house in a timely manner, you need to view photos and videos.
The size of an adult specimen can reach a meter or more
Breeding features
With sufficient lighting, the mushroom house forms the main fruiting body, ready for reproduction. Elongated spores are formed on the upper folded surface of the fungus, in the form of a rusty powder. Disputes can spread to neighboring buildings by wind, animals, insects, through clothing and shoes.
Another way of infection is associated with mycelium, when healthy and infected wood come into contact with each other.
Influence of the mushroom house on wood
The mushroom house is considered a parasite, settles on both coniferous and deciduous wood. He is able to grow and develop under the most unfavorable conditions:
- at low temperatures;
- high air humidity;
- with poor ventilation;
- in the absence of natural light.
Such an environment allows the fruit body to develop rapidly, to release enzymes that lead to the rapid destruction of wood. Over time, the fungus becomes leafy, and the infected wood becomes brittle and loose. The destroyed tree turns brown, becomes covered with a whitish bloom and easily crumbles under the fingers. Further, with the help of filamentous processes, the fungus penetrates into the wood pores, thereby increasing the area of the lesion.
The house parasite does not affect all tree species. It develops well on pine, and is extremely rare on larch and spruce. Acacia, oak and chestnut are resistant to damage, so they are great for construction work.
A mushroom house can destroy a house in a few months.
Why does a mushroom house appear in the house and buildings
White house mushroom often appears in humid places, in rooms with poor ventilation. Rapid multiplication also occurs when soil is in contact with the floor and when new wood is used together with contaminated building material.
Causes and signs of infection
The mushroom house begins to bear fruit under favorable conditions. When the first signs appear, it is necessary to start treatment, since the fungus grows rapidly, turning the wood into dust. Conditions for rapid reproduction:
- humidity 80% or more;
- air temperature + 24 ° C and above;
- lack of sunlight.
Most often, the mushroom can be found in basements, cellars and saunas. Infection can occur through tools or work clothes that are contaminated with spores.
The parasite appears in wet rooms
Positive factors for the development of the fungus:
- A stuffy, unventilated place - closed windows, spoiled ventilation help the house mushroom to grow and develop quickly. This is especially true of places where condensation accumulates: kitchen, bathroom.
- Leaking pipes lead to increased humidity and the development of mold.
- Freezing of walls, roof leaks, lack of heating.
- The close location of groundwater leads to rotting of wooden posts and foundations.
Why is the appearance of a porcini mushroom dangerous?
The mushroom house is very easy to detect, so when the initial symptoms appear, control measures need to be started. What are the signs that a parasite can be detected:
- A lump of white threads appears on the wood, reminiscent of airy cotton wool.
- As it grows, the fruit body grows and turns brown-yellow with a silvery tint.
- The wood cracks, becomes darker in color and loses strength.
- A mushroom house turns 4 cm wood into dust in 30 days, and completely destroys a building in 12 months.
Household mushroom harm to humans
In addition to the rapid destruction of wood, the mushroom house is harmful to the human body. Most often, it affects children and the elderly with lowered immunity. The first signs of poisoning are:
- headache, dizziness;
- conjunctivitis;
- rhinitis, laryngitis;
- nausea;
- exacerbation of asthma;
- allergic cough;
- pulmonary diseases.
How to deal with porcini mushroom
You can get rid of the house fungus only in the initial stages of infection. Household parasite control agents:
- Antiseptics. Broad-spectrum fungicides are effective agents for the destruction of the house fungus. But it must be remembered that they have a toxic effect on humans and animals, therefore, the treatment is carried out in work clothes, a respirator and rubber gloves. After carrying out the manipulations, the room is ventilated during the day. Often used: a mixture of wood and coal tar, carbolineum and petroleum.
- Mechanical method. This method allows you to destroy the mycelium of the house fungus at different stages of development. At the initial stage of infection, the upper tree layer is removed and burned, the surviving tree is disinfected with an antiseptic. With deep penetration of the fungus, only the removal of all infected elements with subsequent processing of the edges helps.
- Disinfection. Ultraviolet irradiation is a simple, safe method for controlling fungus. It does not harm the environment, animals and humans. Quartzing the room should be carried out regularly, since a strong dose instantly kills the fungus and its spores.
Antiseptics - save wood from destruction
There are also folk methods of dealing with the house parasite. These include:
- an aqueous solution of copper or iron sulfate;
- sodium fluoride solution;
- working solution prepared from vinegar and copper sulfate;
- drug Pentabos.
Prevention measures
The ancient builders always used resinous, oiled and salted wood, as it retains its woody structure for a long time. In ancient China, before building a house, a tree was soaked in an aqueous solution of sodium chloride.It is very effective to coat building material with creosote, but the drug has one drawback - a persistent pungent odor.
To save buildings from the mushroom house, it is necessary to take preventive measures in a timely manner. These include:
- If the buildings were treated for a house parasite, it is necessary, after the end of the work, to carefully process the tools and work clothes.
- During construction, do not use contaminated wood, as the fungus can quickly move to healthy building material.
- The floors must not be in contact with the ground. Therefore, before flooring, a building pillow is made of sand, broken brick or large expanded clay. You can not use material rich in humus: coconut flakes, ash.
- For construction, only dried wood is used, processed from the house fungus with special antiseptics.
- The built wooden house should dry well, after which the wood can be coated with oil paint.
- The cellar and basement must be well ventilated.
- It is not recommended to cover the floors tightly against the walls.
- During the construction of a wooden house, it is necessary to organize air draft under the floor.
- To reduce humidity in the room, several aspen blocks can be laid out in the corners, since aspen perfectly absorbs moisture.
- The interior decoration of the bathhouse, cellar and basement is best done with boards pre-treated with a hot solution of copper and iron sulfate.
Conclusion
The mushroom house is a dangerous, wood-destroying parasite that destroys wooden buildings in a short time. When the first signs of infection appear, it is necessary to immediately start control measures, choosing the most appropriate method, and then regularly carry out preventive measures.
