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In the summer, the harvesting of mushrooms begins. Boletus boletus can be found at the edges of mixed forests. These are mushrooms that are in second place after porcini mushroom in taste. Anyone can grow boletus in the country, if preparatory work is done in advance.
Is it possible to grow boletus in the country
Boletus mushrooms are found throughout the European part of Russia, as well as in Canada and European countries. The peculiarity of the existence of this species is the presence of a birch forest near the growth zone: thanks to the ability to form mycorrhiza with the root system of these trees, a variety of mushrooms got its name.
This symbiotic relationship allows the fruiting bodies to receive many nutrients from the roots of the tree. Mushrooms, in turn, help birches to absorb sufficient moisture from the soil. This union is ultimately beneficial for the two cultures.
Growing boletus in the country becomes possible subject to certain rules:
- creation of conditions in the open ground, close to natural;
- use of spores or grain mycelium;
- maintaining moisture in the garden.
For cultivation in the country, it is recommended to choose places near birches or fruit trees in the garden.
Boletus growing technology
Boletus mushrooms are grown in the open field in the country. The mushroom grows when all the requirements are met. For cultivation, a sunny site is chosen, a pit is prepared, the depth of which should not be more than 30 cm.
Any planting method is suitable for growing in the country: in separate holes with a diameter of 30 cm or by creating a general depression of 20 cm, length and width of 2 m.
The bottom of the hole is covered with birch sawdust or leaves. The thickness of the first layer should be at least 10 cm. For the second layer, take humus, optimally from the surface of the boletus mycelium growing on the forest edges. It is collected in plastic containers or tarpaulin bags and transported to be used later for summer cottages. The peculiarity of such a layer is the presence of elements inherent in the natural habitat of boletus boletus. An alternative option for growing mushrooms in a summer cottage can be prepared and matured compost in advance.
A layer of humus is covered with grain mycelium of the fungus. Then again they are covered with leaves and sawdust. The final stage is the creation of a top layer of suburban land with a thickness of 3 to 5 cm. The resulting planting structure is watered with warm rainwater.
The main difficulty in cultivating this type of mushroom in the country lies in the creation of mycelium and determining the correct amount. Boletus planting material is bought ready-made in specialized stores or made independently.
The mycelium is necessary for the mycelium to appear above the top layer of the substrate. Such material is prepared from the spores of the fungus by placing them in a nutrient medium.
Options for creating a nutrient medium in a summer cottage:
- Carrot extract agar. For preparation, take 600 ml of water, 400 ml of carrot extract, 15 g of agar.
- Oatmeal based. You will need 1 liter of water, 300 g of flour, 15 g of agar.
Spores are soaked in a prepared nutrient mixture and removed for germination for 10-14 days. The place should be warm and dark without possible penetration of sunlight.
Growing boletus in the open field
There are features of growing boletus in the open field.
At the elective site of the dacha, they first cleanse the debris, then dig the planting hole under the tree crowns.
Prepared planting holes are filled with soil layers, then sprouted mycelium is sprinkled on prepared compost. It is covered with dacha land and watered with settled water.
To grow boletus in the country in the open field, you need to use special fertilizers that can be purchased at the store. To do this, 5 g of the product is diluted with 10 liters of water and watered mycelium, thus replacing the moistening of the soil with liquid top dressing.
The main condition for growing boletus in the country with successful reproduction of mycelium is to maintain the moisture content of the plantings. For this purpose, the planted fungal mycelium is covered with a 30-centimeter layer of straw, which is also constantly additionally moistened. The mulch layer retains increased moisture, preventing water from quickly evaporating from the surface of the earth.
Before the onset of frost, the mushroom site is additionally protected by spruce branches or fallen leaves. The covering material is removed only with the onset of heat.
Growing boletus at home
Cultivation of boletus mushrooms is carried out not only in the country, but also at home in a volumetric pot. The condition for such cultivation is the ability to ensure that the mushrooms create a strong bond with other indoor crops. The best option is a house lily, the roots of which are most suitable for the mycelium of the fungus.
For home cultivation, mushrooms are harvested in the forest. Choose whole, intact specimens with a large developed cap, inside which there is an increased number of spores necessary for further reproduction.
The collected planting material is washed and then crushed. The leg is not used for these purposes, only the cap is taken, since it is in it that the spore powder is contained.
From 50 g of yeast and 4 liters of water, a nutrient mixture is created for further multiplication of spores. 2 - 3 chopped mushrooms are soaked in water, yeast is added, mixed. The container with the prepared mixture is removed for 10 - 14 days in a warm place. After 10-14 days, the mixture is stirred from bottom to top and the mycelium is separated.
The next stage in growing boletus is the preparation of the planting tank. To do this, use dense plastic containers or shallow buckets. The compost prepared in advance is laid out in containers, then the resulting grain mycelium is distributed. Above - again compost, 5 cm thick. The boxes with plantings are covered with a dense fabric that does not allow air to pass through.
For watering, the fabric is detached, in the first week, a spray bottle is used. The temperature inside the structure must not be lower than +24 ° C. Only if the temperature regime is maintained, the mycelium is able to germinate in the prepared substrate. After 14 days, the crops are opened, while the temperature drops to + 18 ° C.
Boxes with landings are left on glazed balconies or verandas with the condition of mandatory ventilation. The main requirement for growing boletus at home is to maintain an optimal temperature regime and constant moisture of the substrate.
Harvesting
In order to stimulate the development of mycelium when growing boletus in the country, the basic rules are observed:
- The fruit body is recommended to be removed from the soil by loosening and twisting the leg. This is necessary so that part of it, combined with the root, remains in the ground.
- After pulling the boletus out of the substrate, the resulting hole is sprinkled with country soil or a rotted leaf of a tree.
- When collecting, only single fruiting bodies are twisted. If boletus mushrooms accumulate in groups, pressing on each other, they are cut with a knife at an acute angle above the ground. The resulting stump is immediately sprinkled with garden soil.
The myceliums after such a collection are not damaged, but begin to recover. Then a new stage of the harvest is formed.
After harvesting, the fruiting bodies are examined, dirt is removed, and a few millimeters of the legs are additionally cut off. Then the boletus is soaked for 20 - 30 minutes. and proceed to further preparation.
Conclusion
It is quite possible to grow boletus in the country. The most suitable place for cultivation will be the site next to the tree of the same name. Successful cultivation requires high-quality collection and rooting of mycelium. If this condition is met, you can get a good harvest of boletus boletus.
