Content
As a rule, summer residents grow several varieties at the same time. raspberries. Large-fruited raspberry Arbat varieties with the yield and size of berries can surprise even seasoned gardeners.
Variety characteristic
Arbat raspberry bushes grow 1.5-2.0 m high, formed by powerful annual shoots. The stems are characterized by medium internodes (3-5 cm long), at the ends they become rather thin, without pubescence, and do not have thorns. On fruit twigs of medium length, about 17 berries are tied. Summer residents note that the leaves of the Arbat raspberry look very decorative. The foliage on the bushes has a corrugated surface with bearded edges.
Among other varieties, Arbat stands out for the size of the berry, which has an elongated conical shape - large raspberries weigh up to 12 g. Berries are notable for their rich dark red color (photo).
Raspberries easily removable from the stem and perfectly tolerates long-term transportation. The pulp of the berry is sweet and juicy. Arbat raspberries are excellent in any form: fresh, boiled or dried.
Bushes winter well at low frosts. In regions with very low temperatures, it is recommended to bend the stems down for the winter. The resistance of the Arbat variety to damage to major diseases is noted. Arbat raspberries begin to bear fruit in the second half of June and ends in August. With good care, it is easy to harvest 4-5 times per season.
The yield of raspberries of the Arbat variety is excellent, 4-5 kg of berries can be removed from one bush, and annually.
Raspberry cultivation
When growing the Arbat, most of the time is spent caring for the bushes in spring and autumn. The large-fruited Arbat variety is picky about care. Spring is the optimal period for arranging a raspberry tree. When planting a culture, special attention should be paid to several points:
- the quality of the seedlings. The stems of raspberries of the Arbat variety with open roots should be without leaves and shortened to about 40 cm. Seedlings that are not damaged or wilted are suitable for planting, in which the stem has a thickness of at least 0.8-1 cm;
- planting raspberries Arbat is produced on a site with moist, loamy or sandy loam soils. It is recommended to choose a place where the seedlings will be protected from drafts and well lit;
The land must be well fertilized before planting. It is desirable that it be easy to regularly water the Arbat raspberries.
Planting seedlings
Do not plant raspberries among fruit trees or between vegetable beds. It is recommended to avoid the neighborhood with strawberries, tomatoes or potatoes, because pests of these crops can harm the seedlings.
Arbat raspberries do not like stagnant water, so low-lying places are not suitable for planting crops. Before planting, the ground is carefully weeded.
Planting stages:
- A ditch is dug about 40-45 cm wide, up to 30 cm deep. Peat, humus, compost, rotted sawdust are poured onto the bottom. Separate layers are covered with soil. At this stage, you can enrich the soil with inorganic fertilizers. Per one Arbat raspberry bush, take 150-200 g of superphosphate, 50-80 g of potassium sulphide.
- The seedlings are lowered into the moat, the root system is carefully straightened. It is recommended to place 2 seedlings in each planting place. The stems are covered with earth, and they make sure that the basal necks remain above the surface of the soil.
- A distance of about 50 cm is left between the seedlings, and the row spacing is made at least 150 cm wide. All rows are well watered.
If a raspberries are planted in spring, then the site is prepared and fertilized in the fall. And for autumn planting, it is recommended to prepare the soil earlier in a month and a half.
How to water
Raspberries of the Arbat variety belong to moisture-loving crops, but you can't just fill the raspberry with water. The bulk of the plant roots is close enough to the surface of the earth (at a depth of 20-30 cm and within a radius of 30-55 cm from the stem). On light soils, the roots can grow to a depth of up to a meter, and on dense clay soils - only up to 50-60 cm.
After watering, the soil must be loosened to prevent rapid drying of the soil.
At the end of May, before watering, excess replacement shoots are removed (no more than 10-15 stems are left in the bush). Most of all, the Arbat raspberry needs watering during the hot summer months (during flowering, setting and ripening of berries), and towards the end of the season, watering is significantly reduced.
There are two most common ways to water a raspberry tree:
- sprinkling is done with a hose and is popular. To do this, sprinkler systems are installed on a flat, well-ventilated area. A feature of the method is that high water pressure is required for high-quality irrigation. Include installations in the early morning or evening when the heat subsides;
- for irrigation through the furrows, grooves are made 10-15 cm deep, at a distance of 35-40 cm from the stems, along the rows of Arbat raspberries. Water is passed along these grooves with a slight pressure so that it has time to be absorbed. After watering, the grooves are covered with soil and loosened.
The last watering can be done in November (in the absence of rain).
Plant feeding
At the beginning of the season, as a rule, nitrogen fertilizers are used, and at the end - phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. A common scheme: inorganic is used every year, and organic is used every other season. Many experienced gardeners recommend applying fertilizers to the soil three times per season:
- in May, a mullein solution is used: 500 ml of fertilizer is taken for 10 liters of water. Top dressing (at the rate of 5 liters per meter of row) is best applied to the soil during watering;
- in early July, during the beginning of fruiting of the Arbat raspberry variety, you can use the drug "Ideal". To prepare the solution, you need 10 liters of water and 2-3 tbsp. l composition. You can also add 2 tbsp. l nitrophoska. This solution is introduced at the rate of 7 liters per meter of the Arbat raspberry row;
- in August, as a top dressing, you can use a solution of 2 tbsp. l potassium sulfate in 10 l of water. Fertilizers are applied in the same way as the second time.
Bush care
To collect consistently high yields, it is advisable to tie up the stalks of the Arbat raspberries. To do this, trellises are equipped along the rows: supports with a height of about 160-175 cm are dug in along the edges of the rows and parallel lines of wire are pulled between them (after 40-50 cm).
For the correct development of the bushes, they are pruned several times a season:
- In early spring, overwintered stems are examined and dry or damaged stems are cut. From the remaining stems, the strongest and most powerful are selected (at the rate of 15-18 per meter of row), the rest are also cut out. In case of damage to the top of the stem (it could freeze in winter), it is cut to a healthy bud;
- at the end of May, the excess growth of Arbat raspberries is eliminated, leaving only replacement shoots (it is enough to save 35-40 pieces per meter of row). As soon as the stems grow to a height of 50-60 cm, it is recommended to fix them on the trellis;
- Throughout the season, it is necessary to monitor the spread of Arbat raspberries in breadth, although this variety is not prone to overgrowth.
Arbat raspberries usually winter painlessly. But this does not apply to regions where the frost is below -30˚ C. In areas with very cold winters, raspberries are snatched. To do this, the bushes at the end of September (when the stems are still flexible) are gently tilted to the ground and tied to each other.To fix the plants, they are pinned to the soil. When it snows, it naturally covers the raspberry tree.
Pest control
Throughout the season, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the stems and leaves of the Arbat raspberry variety. In the absence of proper care, the raspberry plant can quickly wither away and be damaged by harmful insects:
- the raspberry beetle hibernates in the ground. A small grayish brown insect destroys flowers, buds, leaves, which leads to a significant decrease in yield. If extensive damage to the bushes is noticed, the plants are sprayed with Karbofos (90 g of the drug is dissolved in a bucket of water). Prevention: thinning out overgrown bushes, treating plants in early spring with Bordeaux liquid;
- the spider mite settles on the seamy side of the leaf plate and feeds on plant sap. Favorable conditions for the growth of the number of insects - a long dry period. Before flowering, you can spray the raspberry with Actellik 500 EC. As a preventive measure, it is recommended to spray the bushes with water in dry weather.
Malina Arbat requires attention during the season. But in gratitude for the good care, the summer resident always receives a bountiful harvest of berries.
