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It would seem that every florist knows about daylilies. These unpretentious, and at the same time beautiful plants can be found almost everywhere - in a school flower bed, in personal plots, near shops and office buildings. Such popularity is due to the fact that planting and caring for daylilies in the open field is so simple and easy that a beginner can also perform a number of activities.
Description of the plant
Daylilies belong to the Asphodelov family, the Liliaceae subfamily and have another name - Krasnodnev.
The name of the genus Hemerocallis, to which this plant belongs, defines one feature - each Krasnodnev flower dissolves its petals in the morning and closes in the evening. Forever and ever. However, the number of flowers and the duration of flowering of the plant allows you to continuously enjoy the bright, inimitable daylilies for a month.
A brief description of the daylily is reduced to the following data:
- Refers to herbaceous, rhizome plants.
- Roots are fleshy, powerful, cordlike. In places thickened, sometimes they form stolons.
- Leaves - broadly linear, entire, large, arched or straight.
- The flowers are very large. The standard range of colors is yellow, red, orange. In varietal flowers, the assortment of colors is much wider - pink, burgundy, lilac, dark brown, purple. The flowers are six-partite, funnel-shaped, with a small tube. Daylily inflorescences consist of 2-10 flowers. On one peduncle, 1-3 flowers bloom at the same time. The flowering period of each flower is one day. In some plant varieties, flowers bloom in the afternoon or late afternoon. The average flowering time of a plant is 25-30 days.
- Peduncles are high, up to 1 m, low-leafed, towering above the leaves. According to the height of the peduncles, daylilies are conventionally divided into undersized (up to 30 cm), medium (from 30 to 60 cm), semi-tall (the height of the peduncles is from 60 to 90 cm) and tall - the height of the peduncles is more than 90 cm.
- The fruit is a triangular seed capsule containing a small amount of black, shiny seeds.
Daylilies can be grown for decorative purposes both in single plantings and in combination with other plants. Tetraploid varieties look very luxurious on flower beds and flower beds. Daylily bushes grow rapidly, flowers are much larger than traditional plants, and differ in a variety of colors.
Growing conditions
In planting and caring, daylilies are not capricious and do not require close attention. They grow equally well in shade and partial shade. However, in a lighted, sunny place, plants bloom more magnificently and brightly. In the shade, the color becomes faded, the daylilies later bloom and cover the petals earlier.
It is worth noting that some plant varieties, the color shades of which are closer to dark tones (burgundy, dark lilac, dark brown) are best grown in partial shade, in the sun their main varietal feature - individual coloring - loses its uniqueness.In partial shade, the colors of the daylily become more saturated and vivid.
In some hybrid varieties of the plant, flowers open fully only in bright sunlight. Therefore, when planting a daylily, pay special attention to the recommendations for planting your chosen variety. In total, daylilies should be exposed to sunlight for at least 6-7 hours a day.
The beginning of the growing season in the daylily is early. The first green leaves appear almost immediately, as soon as the thermometer is set at a positive mark at night.
Experienced flower growers plant the daylily outdoors in spring or autumn. But, like all plants, Krasnodnays easily tolerate spring planting, get sick less, and gain color earlier. The recommended distance between plants is 40-60 cm.
It is not for nothing that flower growers consider the daylily to be a durable plant - some specimens can grow in one place without transplanting up to 12-15 years. Therefore, before planting, carefully choose a suitable place so as not to disturb the flowers with an unplanned transplant.
Before planting a daylily in the open ground in the spring, check out some of the requirements that are the key to active growth and abundant flowering:
- Daylilies love sunny, lit places. The exception is varieties with dark shades of flowers - they fade from too bright sunlight. Therefore, it is advisable to plant them in those places where the plants will be in the shade at midday.
- Loose, light and fertile soil should retain moisture well. However, flowers do not like long stagnation of water.
- The composition of the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic.
- It is undesirable to grow daylilies next to trees and shrubs. It is difficult for plants to fight these crops for moisture and nutrients. Flowering will be scarce and rare, flowers become smaller over time, and varietal characteristics are lost.
The soil for growing daylilies in the open field is prepared in advance. Too heavy soil needs to be lightened - add a little sand and compost, dilute the acidic soil with lime, chalk or wood ash, apply complex mineral fertilizer to the poor soil. Dig the site onto the bayonet of the shovel. Remember to pick your roots weeds... Leave the beds alone for a few days.
Daylily is a plastic, soft plant. He quickly adapts to any changes and growing conditions. However, without observing the rules of agricultural technology and the recommendations of experienced florists, it will be difficult to achieve long and lush flowering. Only the correct planting of the daylily and proper care will help you grow these beautiful and unique plants.
Types and varieties of flowers
For the first time, a hybrid variety of daylily was bred in 1893 by biologist J. Eld. In 1975, the flower catalog already numbered over 15,000 hybrid plant varieties. Ten years later, their number increased almost threefold - about 40,000. How many varieties of daylily exist at the moment is not known exactly.
It is impossible to tell about all varieties of these inimitable flowers. We invite you to appreciate the beauty and uniqueness of some of the varieties in the photo below.
- Ay He America
- Apre Mua
- Best-seller
- Blizzard Bay
- Burgundy Love
- Wild Horses
- Pone Of Professi
- Lacey Doyle
- Knight Ambers
- Ash Flame
- Siloam Baby Talk
- Siloam Double Classic
- Frans Hals
In addition to the variety of colors, modern daylily varieties have so-called ruffles or denticles along the edge of the petals, some specimens differ in a peculiar pattern on the petals. There are even terry plant varieties.
Reproduction methods
There are three ways to breed a daylily:
- seeds
- air layering
- dividing the bush.
And each method is so easy to use that you can easily grow these delightful plants in your garden.
Before planting daylilies in the spring, you should know that not all plant varieties reproduce by seeds. In many specimens, even when ripe, the seeds do not retain varietal characteristics or are not at all able to germinate and give full-fledged offspring. Therefore, flower growers are extremely rare in growing daylilies from seeds.
Air layering
A simple and affordable method for propagating the daylily is by air layering. 2-3 weeks after flowering, small rosettes begin to appear on the peduncles of some plant varieties. They are great for flower propagation and retain all the varietal characteristics of the mother plant.
The daylily can be propagated as follows:
- Do not cut the flower stalks, let the rosettes develop well.
- As soon as the layers grow well, cut them off along with the peduncle. Each rosette should be on a stalk 8 cm long, 4 cm above and 4 cm below.
- The sockets are placed in water with a root for 1.5-2 weeks.
- After the appearance of well-developed roots, the layers are planted in pots or in open ground.
In the event that it is too late to plant a daylily on a flowerbed, rooted sockets will have to be planted in pots. In winter, take care of the flowers as well as other houseplants, and plant them in a flower garden in the spring.
Seeds
Not all varieties of daylily propagate by seeds. The seeds of the hybrids will not convey the varietal characteristics of the original plant. And in some varieties, seeds do not germinate at all. Therefore, this method of propagation does not guarantee that you will grow exactly the flower from which the seeds were collected.
If you nevertheless decide to try to grow a daylily from seeds, you have to follow the following planting algorithm:
- Soak plant seeds for a day or two in water. Do not forget to change the water once a day;
- Sow the swollen seed in a container. There must be holes and drainage at the bottom of the container. The soil for growing daylilies should be loose and nutritious. The distance between the seeds is 2-3 cm, the planting depth is 0.5-1 cm.When planting the daylily immediately on the flower bed, the minimum distance between the seeds will be 5 cm, the row spacing is 20 cm.
- When growing plants in indoor conditions, as soon as you notice 4-5 full-fledged leaves in the seedlings, cut them out in separate containers, or, if the weather permits, plant them immediately in the flower garden.
Such plants bloom only for 2-3 years. Caring for daylilies after planting is practically the same as caring for other garden flowers.
Boarding rules and dates
Plant propagation by dividing the bush is the most popular and affordable for every grower. However, the state of your flower garden depends on how correctly the daylily planting and caring for them in the open field is carried out - either the plants will actively grow and give you pleasure during flowering, or they will be forced to fight for a place in the sun.
Recommended landing dates
There is no definite answer to the question of when to replant daylilies: in spring or autumn. Planting times depend on several factors.The first is the age of the flowers: are you planting a young plant, or have decided to plant and rejuvenate an old bush.
Young, recently purchased daylilies can be planted outdoors at any time - in spring, summer, and early autumn. If there are no problems with planting in the spring, then in the summer it is advisable to plant young curtains in cool weather.
In autumn, flowers can be planted in September as well. The main thing is that the plant has enough time for successful rooting and preparation for winter.
It is still necessary to divide or transplant daylilies in the spring. Until autumn, the plants will take root, grow well and get stronger. They will have enough strength to endure severe frosts without loss.
The second factor influencing the daylily planting time is climatic conditions. If in the southern regions with a mild climate it is possible to plant plants without fear in mid-September, then in Siberia and the Urals it is better to replant daylilies in the spring.
How to properly plant Krasnodnev
Immediately before planting, daylilies need inspection and preparation. Young, acquired plant clumps should be carefully examined and sore and affected areas removed.
Old bushes of plants need to be watered abundantly per day. Dig up the daylilies carefully with a pitchfork, trying to do as little damage to the root system as possible. Divide the bush into several small divisions.
It is advisable to separate the cuttings from the edges, since the central part of the bush takes root worse. The peripheral parts of the plant have more powerful roots, will take in faster and will hurt less.
Inspect the separated daylily bushes and remove dead roots, trim healthy ones a little. This stimulates the formation and growth of new roots. The leaves of the daylily are cut to a height of 20-25 cm in order for the plant to put all its strength into rooting.
You can soak the roots of the daylily in a light pink solution of potassium permanganate for disinfection or in water with the addition of root growth stimulants. The minimum soaking time is 3 hours.
After this procedure, the delenki are pulled out of the solution and allowed to dry a little. The daylilies are now ready to be planted outdoors.
It is advisable to plant daylilies in the ground in spring or summer in cool weather. Correct planting of a daylily involves the following activities:
- The planting hole is dug in such a way that the entire root system of the plant fits in it, and there is a little free space left on the sides. The optimal dimensions of the pit: depth - at least 30 cm, diameter - from 40 cm, depending on the size of the cut.
- In the center of the planting pit, a small mound is poured and the root system of the daylily is placed on it. All roots must be carefully straightened. The roots should be directed to the side and at a slight downward angle.
- The level of deepening is clearly marked on the divisions - at the base of the rosettes there is a light green, almost white stripe. Place the daylily at the same height and cover the roots with soil.
- It is impossible to deepen the root neck of the plant by more than 2-3 cm. There should be no bare roots either.
- Sprinkle the daylilies liberally with warm water, being careful not to get on the leaves.
After planting the daylily in the spring, the soil in the flower garden can be mulched to retain moisture.
Works in the flower garden
Despite the unpretentiousness, after planting in the spring, daylilies need care. Watering, feeding, pruning - this is a list of the necessary work that you should regularly carry out in the flower garden in order for the plants to always delight you with their exuberant flowering.
Regular and abundant watering is the main component of competent care of daylilies in spring and during the summer.The biological feature of the root system of plants allows them to withstand a long dry period. But the brightness, the number of buds and the size of the flowers are greatly reduced. Remember that daylilies are moisture-loving plants.
With severe moisture deficiencies, daylilies throw off their buds, the foliage loses its bright color. Therefore, it is desirable that the soil in the flower garden is always moist. If the summer does not indulge in rains, you need to water the plants as often as possible.
During the first year after transplanting or planting, daylilies do not need feeding. Plants have enough of those nutrients that are contained in the soil. But starting from the second year, flowers need to be fertilized regularly. Daylily is fed in spring and summer.
The first top dressing - a complex mineral fertilizer - is applied in early spring in liquid or dry form. The second feeding of plants with complex fertilizer is carried out before the beginning of budding. The third - 3-4 weeks after the end of flowering with fertilizers based on potassium and phosphorus. They will help plants recover from wild blooming and prepare for winter.
Pruning of daylily bushes is carried out in several stages:
- In spring, prune old leaves around the edges of the bushes to help the plants rejuvenate.
- After a lush flowering, it is necessary to cut off all flower stalks.
- In the fall, when preparing the daylily for winter, you need to cut off the old, pale foliage. Young leaves that have grown relatively recently can be left.
As you can see, it is not at all difficult to care for daylilies after planting in open ground. All events are very familiar to every florist and are not at all burdensome.
Possible growing problems
Even the most unpretentious plants can sometimes be attacked by pests or harmful spores and bacteria. Daylilies were no exception.
They do not cause much trouble for flower growers. But it is imperative to know what and who can threaten plants. When growing a daylily, you may encounter the following problems:
Pest, disease | Primary signs | Control methods |
Thrips | The flowers become ugly and shapeless, the leaves are also affected. | Cut off and remove the affected parts of the plants, treat with insecticides. |
Viruses | Spots or streaks appear on the foliage, the whole plant looks sick. | It is very difficult to cure. Most often, the affected plants are dug up and burned. |
Daylily mosquito | Insect larvae appear in the buds. | Affected buds are cut off and removed from the site. |
Root collar rot | The root neck of the plant softens, becomes dark in color, and emits a putrid odor. The leaves begin to turn yellow and die off. | The affected plants are dug up, cleaned of the affected parts, washed in a dark pink solution of potassium permanganate. You cannot plant daylilies in the same place - prepare another site for them. Before planting, disinfect and dry the plant roots well in the shade. |
Rust | Lack of buds or very poor flowering, slow growth, small, yellow-orange pustules on the leaves. | All affected leaves and those that are next to the sick must be cut off urgently. The plant is treated with fungicides several times until complete recovery. The drugs must be changed with each treatment. |
Striped foliage | Light yellow strokes along the entire length of the leaves, most often located closer to the center of the leaf. The appearance of a large number of small reddish-brown spots, which soon increase in size. | The affected parts of the plant must be cut off, the bushes must be treated with foundationol at a concentration of 0.2%. |
Sometimes, when growing a daylily, other problems can arise that are not related to pests or diseases. Most often, flower growers are faced with the following complications:
- Lack of buds.Reasons: deep planting of the plant, lack of lighting, excess nitrogen in the soil.
- Weak, brittle peduncles. Reasons: excess moisture and nitrogen.
- Dark and reddish spots on the petals. Causes: Rain marks or sunburn.
- The buds do not fully open. The phenomenon is temporary, urgent measures are not required, since flowering is restored over time.
An expert will share with you the secrets of growing and breeding daylilies in the open field
Conclusion
Planting a daylily in the open field and caring for it is not particularly difficult for both a professional and a beginner. The popularity of these truly beautiful plants is growing every year. A large assortment of varieties, a rich color palette and an amazing plant vitality are just a few reasons that influence the choice of gardeners in favor of a delightful daylily.
