Content
Cherry Bryanochka is the brainchild of Russian breeders. Sweet berries have been known to gardeners for a long time. The tree is unpretentious, rather cold-resistant, this cherry is for the northern regions.
Breeding history
Research Institute Lupina, located near Bryansk, is the home of many modern varieties of cherry and sweet cherry. It also bred the Bryanochka cherry variety based on the Red Dense cherry. Breeders M. V. Kanshina, L. I. Zueva, A. A. Astakhov worked on its creation. This is a young variety entered in the State Register in 2006.
Description of culture
When describing the sweet cherry variety Bryanochka, the following should be indicated - the tree is intensively growing, reaches a height of 3 meters. The crown is quite rare, pyramidal. The branches are straight, the bark is smooth, brown.
Bryanochka has elliptical leaf blades, pointed. The flowers are collected in a bunch of three, white, the petals do not touch.
The berries are heart-shaped, slightly flattened on top. Quite large, up to 6 g in weight. The skin and flesh are dark red. The taste is sweet, the maximum tasting rating is 5.
It is recommended to grow in all regions of Russia, except for the most northern ones.
Characteristics
It is worth considering the main characteristics of the Bryanochka cherry variety.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Sweet cherries require moisture in the soil. To obtain juicy fruits, trees are watered. In dry weather, this is done monthly.
The frost resistance of Bryanochka cherries is high both for the tree itself and for flower buds.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Sweet cherries are mostly self-fertile plants, they need a pollinator for fruiting. The best pollinators for sweet cherries Bryanochka sweet cherry varieties Veda, Iput, Tyutchevka.
Productivity, fruiting
After planting the seedlings, the tree bears fruit in 5 years. The yield from each tree is on average 15-20 kg. It increases every year until the tree begins to age. This comes in 20-25 years.
Scope of berries
Best use fresh berries. Jams, preserves, pie fillings, marmalade and jelly are prepared for winter consumption. Liqueurs and liqueurs are delicious.
Disease and pest resistance
The sweet cherry variety Bryanochka is not very susceptible to coccomycosis and clotterosporia. It gives good yields even in the coldest regions of the country.
Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of Bryanochka cherry varieties are as follows:
- High-yielding variety.
- Bears fruit annually.
- Frost resistant.
- Excellent taste of berries.
The disadvantage, as in all species of this culture, is that the Bryanochka cherry is self-fertile, it is necessary to plant a certain pollinator variety next to it.
Landing features
The cultivation of Bryanochka sweet cherries does not differ in anything special from other types of sweet cherries.
Recommended timing
Sweet cherry Bryanochka is a late-ripening variety that can be planted in spring and autumn. Autumn planting is carried out in the southern regions 3 weeks before the onset of cold weather.
Still, the best time for planting is spring. Bushes begin to be planted in April, when the soil has thawed, and the buds on the seedlings have not yet woken up.
Choosing the right place
For sweet cherries, not steep southern slopes or flat areas with no high stands and good lighting are suitable. It is important to exclude the presence of soil water, which has a bad effect on the roots of the plant. The presence of drafts and cold winds will be unpleasant.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Apple trees and pears can be in the same orchard with cherries, but at some distance. The powerful roots of these trees oppress the cherries. It is necessary to exclude nearby planting of linden, birch, as well as conifers - spruce and pine. Birch is completely out of place in the garden; it draws a lot of moisture from the soil.
Tomatoes, peppers and potatoes located next to the cherry beds will attract harmful insects. Bushes such as blackberries, raspberries, and gooseberries should not be planted nearby. The best neighbors in the garden for cherries are cherries, plums, honeysuckle.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Cherry seedling Bryanochka is chosen two years old, with roots about 25 cm long. The seedlings must be healthy, without damage, the height of the bush is taken about a meter.
Before planting, the roots are immersed in water to enrich with water. It is good to use a solution of "Kornevin" or "Fitosporin" for disinfection.
Landing algorithm
On the prepared and fertilized soil, pits are made 70x70 cm in size and about half a meter deep. A mound of fertile soil is poured into them. A seedling is placed on it, spreading the roots and preventing them from intertwining. Pour some earth, watered, then more earth. They crush it and water it again - about a bucket under a bush. The planting site is mulched with grass or humus.
Plants are planted at a distance of 3 meters. It is advisable to plant several mutually pollinated varieties at the same time. The seedlings will grow and bloom at the same time, which will improve pollination of the Bryanochka cherries and ensure a good harvest of berries.
Follow-up care of the culture
Agrotechnical techniques, correctly performed, can increase crop yields. First of all, you need to water the cherries on time. They do this four times per season:
- Before kidney swelling.
- During flowering.
- At the moment of ovary formation.
- In the fall for a successful wintering.
Of course, everyone does this when the weather is dry. If the summer is rainy, they are guided by the soil condition.
Fertilization starts from the third year of the tree's existence. During the growing season and flowering, nitrogen-containing dressings are made. When fruits are formed and poured, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required. Before wintering, you should also feed the cherries. For this, a complete complex fertilizer is used.
After watering, it is necessary to loosen the near-stem space, mulch it with materials suitable for this.
Formative cherry pruning Bryanochka is made for the first 4 years. When planting, the main shoot is shortened to 60 cm, then a plant is formed in 3-4 tiers. Each tier should contain 4 skeletal branches. The height of the tree can be adjusted independently to a comfortable size.
Important! Don't forget about sanitary pruning in the spring. By removing diseased and damaged branches, the gardener allows the cherry to develop freely, avoids unnecessary diseases.
Young plantings of Bryanochka cherries cover the first 2-3 years. Wrap the tree with spruce paws, burlap or lutrasil. Peat or sawdust is poured around the trunk. An adult tree does not need winter shelter, it tolerates frosts of 30 degrees.
Cherry pruning and shaping:
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Diseases of culture | Description | How to get rid of |
| Hole spot
| Brown spots appear on the leaves, then holes in their place. Shoots crack, gum flows from them | All affected elements of the tree are cut out and burned. Dig up the soil around the tree. Spraying the tree and soil with copper sulfate or Bordeaux mixture of 3% |
| Gray rot (moniliosis) | Brown spots appear on the leaves. Fruits are covered with a rotten bloom.It is observed in wet weather. | The branches are cut 10 cm below the damage level. The tree is sprayed with fungicides: "Azocene", "Topsin", "Horus" |
| Coccomycosis | The formation of brown spots on the front side of the leaf. Gradually they merge, the leaves dry out. Leaves fall in the summer, exposing the tree | Rake and destroy fallen leaves. The tree is sprayed with copper or iron vitriol, Bordeaux mixture, fungicides. This is done in 10-12 days. |
| Pests | Description of the pest | Ways to destroy them |
| Cherry fly | Small fly with yellow spots and striped wings. Lays the larvae in green fruits. The larvae eat the flesh of the fruit, then, turning back into a fly, fly out | Treatment with Iskra-Bio, Zdorovy Sad, Fitoverm means. This should be done during full bloom, before the petals fall. You can make sticky tape traps |
| Cherry sawfly | The beetle lays eggs on the leaves and glues them. The larvae eat leaves to bare skeletons. Then they go down and bury themselves in the ground | Digging the trunk circle in spring and autumn. Wood processing with preparations "Karbofos", "Aktara", "Karate", "Confidor". |
| Cherry weevil
| Green-red beetle with a proboscis. Makes holes in fruits and ovaries, destroying them. Hibernates in the soil under a tree | Digging the soil in autumn, trapping belts, insecticide treatment |
| Black aphid | Small black bugs, curling leaves, a lot of ants on the tree | Spraying on the lower part of the leaves with preparations: "Iskra", "Intavir", "Confidor-maxi", "Fitoverm" |
Conclusion
Cherry Bryanochka is a good choice for amateur gardeners and not only. This tree requires very little attention, a minimum of pruning and winter preparation. Its sweet berries, ripening at the end of July, prolong the consumption of this vitamin product.
