Content
Sweet cherry Iput has been successfully grown by gardeners of our country for a long time. This variety was bred specifically for the weather conditions of Central Russia. It is frost-resistant and partially self-fertile, which greatly simplifies planting care.
The combination of all these factors, plus a good yield - all this became the key to the successful spread and cultivation of this cherry variety.
Breeding history
The homeland of Iput cherries is the village of Michurinsky, Bryansk region. The All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine, located here in the 80s of the last century (now it is a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center for Forage Production and Agroecology named after V.R. but also the breeding of new varieties of berry bushes.
More than 65 varieties of cherries, sweet cherries, black currants, raspberries and apple trees have become the result of this painstaking work. One of them is the Iput cherry variety, named after the river of the same name that flows in the Bryansk region. Its authors are the breeders Kanshina M.V. and Astakhov A.A. In 1993, the variety was included in the State Register.
Description of culture
Cherry Iput is a medium-sized tree with a fairly wide crown. It usually begins to bear fruit from 4-5 years of age. The yield is average. This variety can be grown in many regions. Cherry Iput is considered an early variety.
Characteristics
The main characteristics of the sweet cherry variety Iput are given in the table.
Parameter | Value |
Culture type | Fruit stone tree |
Height | On average 3.5, sometimes up to 4.5-5 m |
Bark | Reddish brown |
Crown | Wide, pyramidal |
Leaves | Dark green, matte, ovoid. The plate is slightly curved, the surface is without pubescence. Length up to 8 cm, width up to 5 cm |
Foliage | Thick |
Fruit | Large, dark red, almost black. The average weight of the berry is 5–9 gr. |
Pulp | Red, juicy |
Taste | Sweet, slightly bitter aftertaste |
Bone | Small, difficult to separate |
Assignment of the variety | Universal |
Transportability | Medium, weak in cracked fruit |
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
Winter hardiness is one of the advantages of the Iput cherry variety. Quite calmly, the trees will endure frosts down to -30 ° C. Thaws are more destructive for cherries, followed by a sharp cooling. After freezing temperatures, frost even down to -20 ° C is almost guaranteed to kill the tree.
The drought resistance of the Iput cherry variety is good. Even in severe drought, it is recommended to water it no more than 1 time per week. Excess moisture affects primarily the berries, which begin to crack.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
The flowering time of Iput cherries depends on the growing region. In the middle lane, this is mid-May, in more southern regions, the dates are earlier. The tree blooms very beautifully, with dense white clusters.
The cherry variety Iput is considered to be partially self-fertile, that is, self-pollinated.However, in fact, the percentage of self-pollinated flowers is quite small (self-pollinated, as a rule, no more than 5-7%). Therefore, to obtain a good harvest, it is necessary to plant pollinators nearby. For Iput cherries, the varieties Revna, Tyutchevka or Ovstuzhenka are suitable in this capacity. The berries are fully ripe by the end of June.
Productivity, fruiting
Beginning from the fifth year of life (less often from the fourth), the fruiting of Iput cherries becomes regular. The harvest ripens on it every year and averages 30 kg per tree. However, with proper care and adherence to all the rules of agricultural technology, the yield can be doubled.
Scope of berries
The versatility of the Iput cherry variety allows the use of fruits both fresh and processed. It makes excellent compotes, preserves, jams. Among all varieties of cherries, Iput has the highest vitamin C content, so its berries are not only tasty, but also very useful.
Disease and pest resistance
Sweet cherry Iput has good immunity to pests and diseases. Most often, trees get sick with fungal diseases in conditions of high humidity or with improper pruning. Of the pests, aphids are the most dangerous.
Advantages and disadvantages
Cherry Iput has quite a lot of advantages. Here are the main ones:
- frost resistance;
- stable annual yield;
- early ripening;
- resistance to diseases and pests;
- the tree is not very tall, it is convenient to pick berries;
- the variety is universal for its purpose;
- good berry taste (tasting rating 4.4 out of 5).
The disadvantages of the variety include the following:
- late entry into fruiting (for 4-5 years);
- the tendency of fruits to crack with excess moisture;
- poor separation of the bone from the pulp.
Landing features
When planting Iput cherries on a personal plot, you should immediately take care of pollinators, otherwise you can not wait for the harvest. Seedlings are almost always planted in a group (an exception can be made if cherries also grow next to the fence near the neighbors).
In addition, there are several other factors to consider.
Recommended timing
The timing of planting cherry seedlings Iput strongly depends on the region. In the south, in climatic zones with mild winters, this can be done both in spring and autumn. Moreover, an autumn planting is considered more preferable, since a tree planted in spring will constantly suffer from a lack of water and sunburn. In more northern territories, autumn planting is completely excluded. The seedling simply does not have time to take root and will die.
A prerequisite for planting cherries Iput - the seedlings must be dormant. In the spring, this is the time before the onset of the movement of juices and the swelling of the buds, and in the fall - after the leaves fall.
Choosing the right place
For good growth and high yields, the place for the growth of Iput cherries must meet the following conditions:
- There should be no other trees between the planted seedlings so as not to interfere with cross-pollination.
- The place should be sunny and protected from cold winds.
- The soil should be light, fertile, sandy loam or loamy, with neutral acidity.
- Groundwater should not be higher than 2 m.
- The landing site should not be located in a lowland or any other place where stagnant water is possible.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry Iput is not a pronounced aggressive plant like, for example, a nut. However, don't plant an apple, pear, or plum next to it. It is better when another cherry (which is useful for pollination) or cherry will grow nearby. It grows well next to cherry grapes. Often a black elderberry is planted next to it, it remarkably protects plantings from aphids.
Surprisingly well grow under the cherry Iput flowers: daffodils, tulips, primrose.But it is better to refuse planting tomatoes or potatoes in the root zone.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting Iput cherries, it is better to use two-year-old seedlings. By this time, the tree should have the following parameters (in the table).
Parameter | Value |
Barrel diameter, mm | Not less than 15 |
Number of branches, pcs | Not less than 3 |
Branch length, m | Not less than 0.3 |
Root system | Well developed. The root on the cut is clean, without rot, the cut color is cream |
Bark | Clean, smooth, no damage or growth |
Pay attention to the difference in rootstock and scion thickness. On grafted seedlings, it is clearly visible.
Landing algorithm
Cherry seedlings Iput are planted at a distance of at least 3 m from each other. Planting holes must be prepared in advance, for example, they are prepared for spring planting in the fall. The size of the pit should be 1 m by 1 m and a depth of at least 0.8 m. The excavated soil must be preserved, and a nutrient substrate will subsequently be made from it. To do this, mix it with 3 buckets of humus and add 0.25 kg of superphosphate.
Before planting, the seedling is inspected again, if necessary, the damaged roots are cut off. Slightly away from the center of the pit, a stake is driven in, which will at first serve as a support for a young tree. A mound of soil is poured at the bottom of the pit, on which the seedling is installed so that its root collar is at ground level. After that, the roots are gradually covered with nutritious soil, compacting it to prevent the formation of voids.
An earthen rampart is poured around the seedling, which will prevent the spread of water. The planted tree is tied to a support and watered with 3-4 buckets of water. Then the trunk circle must be mulched with straw or sawdust.
Follow-up care of the culture
To have a good harvest, you need to correctly form the crown of the future tree. For this, formative pruning is used, making the crown of the tree multi-tiered.
- The first pruning is done in the second spring after habits. At this time, the first tier of 3-4 main branches is formed, located at a distance of 0.5–0.6 m from the ground. All other shoots are cut in half or cut out completely.
- The next spring, the second tier is laid, leaving 2 branches at a distance of 0.5 m from the first. The rest are cut out.
- The next year, 1 branch is left above the second tier, and the main trunk is cut off.
- In the following years, all annual shoots are shortened by half.
In addition to the formative one, every year it is necessary to carry out sanitary pruning, cutting out diseased, withered or broken branches. In addition, improperly growing and thickening shoots are cut off.
Cherry Iput is a moisture-loving crop, but an excess of water is destructive for it. Therefore, watering is necessary only during dry periods.
Iput cherries are fed throughout the season. In the spring, fertilizers are applied three times:
- Before the tree blooms, add ammonium nitrate 20 g per 1 sq. m.
- During the flowering period, a urea solution of 20 g per 10 liters of water is added.
- At the end of flowering, chicken manure is introduced into the root zone in the form of a solution at the rate of 1.5–2 liters of concentrate per bucket of water.
In the summer, foliar feeding of cherries is carried out with Iput potassium monophosphate or nitrophosphate. In the fall, organic matter is used, introducing humus into the trunk circle.
Cherry Iput does not require shelter for the winter. However, some caring gardeners in cooler climates cover young trees using special covering materials.
The stems of adult Iput cherry trees need to be whitened to prevent sunburn and damage from pests hibernating in the folds of the tree bark.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Cherry Iput is sick relatively rarely. Most often, diseases appear from excessive moisture or poor tree care.The main diseases of sweet cherry are shown in the table.
Disease | Signs of appearance, consequences | Prevention and treatment |
Rust | Brown spots on the leaves. Affected leaves die off and fall off. | Treatment with Hom before flowering. After harvesting, re-processing with Bordeaux liquid 1%. Affected shoots must be cut off and burned. |
Clasterosporium disease (perforated spot) | Brown spots on the leaves, holes are subsequently formed at the places of their appearance. The shape of the fruit changes. | Three times per season (before flowering, after it and after 2 weeks), treatment of plants with a solution of copper-containing preparations or Bordeaux liquid 1%. Affected leaves must be torn off and burned. |
Coccomycosis | Purple spots on the leaves, which soon dry up and fall off. | After flowering and after picking berries, you need to carry out the treatment with Bordeaux liquid 1% or copper oxychloride. |
Of the pests, the most dangerous for Iput cherries are cherry weevils and cherry aphids. They fight them with the help of various insecticides (Decis, B-58) or folk remedies (soap solutions, infusions of tobacco, celandine, wormwood).
Conclusion
Cherry Iput has long and deservedly occupied its place among horticultural crops in many regions of the country. However, most gardeners agree that he lacks some kind of zest for which it is worth holding on to him. However, how many people, so many opinions. Therefore, it will be up to the gardener to decide whether or not to plant this variety or replace it with another one. And Iput cherry is definitely a good choice.
