Content
Cherry Valery Chkalov appeared thanks to the efforts of domestic scientists. A number of advantages have made the variety popular in both large and small scale horticulture. This species is resistant to cold weather and drought. It will delight you with an early rich harvest of juicy sweet fruits. Cherry variety Valery Chkalov is a famous variety, time-tested and by connoisseurs of delicious berries.
Breeding history
The work on this type of sweet cherry took several years. Central Genetic Laboratory named after IV Michurin and the Melitopol Experimental Station of Horticulture. MF Sidorenko jointly developed a new variety. Free pollination of Caucasian Pink Cherry contributed to the emergence of new type of seedlings. After testing procedures, the frost-resistant sweet cherry was named after the pilot - Valery Chkalov. The variety was entered in the State Register in 1974.
Description of culture
Mild warm weather conditions are ideal for this strain. Recommended landing areas:
- North Caucasus;
- Rostov region;
- Stavropol region;
- Ingushetia, etc.
Cherry Valery Chkalov grows up to 5-6 m. The trunk with brown bark is quite strong. Branches are strong, branched. The length of one leaf is 19 cm. The crown is spreading, dense. The plant is stocky, resistant. Dark red fruits are round, heart-shaped. Their weight is 6-8 g. The berries taste sweet, with sourness.
Characteristics
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov has important individual characteristics. They are an integral part of basic, quality plant care. The development of the tree, the formation of the crop are processes with certain subtleties, nuances. Planting this cherry variety will delight you with delicious fruits, healthy trees, if the peculiarities of the Valery Chkalov variety are taken into account.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The versatility of cherries Valery Chkalov is one of the main advantages of the plant. The variety loves the sun, warmth. It is mainly planted in regions with a mild climate. Despite this, the tree is quite frost-resistant. It tolerates low temperatures well. It is enough to properly plant, care for the plant so that it survives the cold with minimal damage.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
This type of sweet cherry is not self-fertile. The yield will depend on other pollinators stationed nearby. For this, Skorospelka, June early, April, and others are planted near the tree. Cherry blossoms Valery Chkalov early.
In May, the crown is covered with white flowers. The berries ripen a month after flowering. In 5-6 years after planting, the tree will delight with the harvest.
Productivity, fruiting
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov brings a harvest every year. If cherries are planted in a warm climate, then up to 60 kg of berries can be harvested from one tree. In colder climates, the figure is halved. The number of berries on a tree depends on the age of the cherry Valery Chkalov. The plant will yield a bountiful harvest after 10 years of growth.
Scope of berries
Cherry berries are used for:
- compote;
- jam;
- jam;
- wine.
Fruit from the tree is a sweet dessert.
Disease and pest resistance
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov is not resistant to diseases and pests. This is one of its specific features. The tree is affected by fungi: coccomycosis, gray rot. Proper care, preventive measures will minimize the destructive consequences of negative impact.
Advantages and disadvantages
The tree has important advantages in comparison with other representatives of similar varieties:
- Early ripening. Juicy fruits will delight you with their sweet taste already at the beginning of summer.
- High yield level. The tree produces a large number of large berries in one season.
- Frost resistance. Cherry Valery Chkalov easily tolerates a drop in air temperature to -23 0FROM.
- Great taste, large fruit size.
Features of the tree that must be taken into account during planting, care, harvesting:
- Poor resistance to various kinds of diseases. For this reason, cherries Valery Chkalov requires more careful care.
- The variety needs additional pollinators to harvest.
- The berries are tender. They can be easily damaged, deteriorated during transportation.
Landing features
Planting a plant is an important stage in growth and development. Compliance with simple rules, recommendations for its implementation will ensure healthy, productive trees on the site.
Recommended timing
A favorable time for planting cherry seedlings Valery Chkalov is early spring, before the buds swell. The plant should be rooted before the onset of cold weather.
Choosing the right place
A sunny place, protected from drafts, is an ideal option for planting a cherry variety Valery Chkalov. With proper care, the tree will grow on the site for more than ten years. During this time, it will spread a dense crown, put down branched roots. These are important features that must be taken into account when choosing a landing site. Cherries should be located at a distance of 5-6 m from buildings and other plants.
This variety of cherries does not like waterlogging. It is important to monitor the water table at the landing site. They should lie 3-4 m underground.
What crops can and cannot be planted nearby
There are several types of plants that can harm the unpretentious cherry Valery Chkalov. Peppers, tomatoes, eggplants should not be planted near the tree. Such neighbors are carriers of various diseases. They can lead to the death of cherries. Oak, linden, birch have an overdeveloped rhizome. It will interfere with the development of the cherry variety Valery Chkalov.
Selection and preparation of planting material
For planting cherries, Valery Chkalov needs a standard set of materials:
- shovel;
- fertilizer;
- water;
- means for loosening the soil.
The main element of the planting process is a tree stalk. His choice is a responsible, important task. A suitable seedling is smooth, without delamination. Its foliage is bright, the rhizome is branched. The ideal age for planting the cuttings is 1-2 years. An older person will have problems with the formation of the root system.
Landing algorithm
Preparation for spring planting begins in the fall:
- Before the cold snap, the seedlings are dug holes. They mix the soil, humus. Leave until next season.
- In the spring, before the direct planting of a young shoot, the soil is loosened, potassium, magnesium, and ash are added.
- A small stake is driven into the center of the recess. A stalk is tied to it. It will give the young planting stability, help to take root.
- Cherry root Valery Chkalov is placed 5 cm above ground level. After sprinkle with soil, tamp.
- A kind of roller of earth is formed around the cutting. It will not allow water to flow.
- For one seedling, you need to spend 2 buckets of water.
Follow-up care of the culture
Caring for this variety of cherries includes a number of simple activities. There is a certain algorithm for watering, fertilizing, plant protection.
Cherry variety Valery Chkalov does not like excessive moisture. Watering should be regular, even, no frills. It takes place four times per season:
- before flowering;
- after flowering tree;
- a couple of weeks before harvesting;
- in the middle of autumn, before the onset of cold weather.
During planting, a pit with a seedling is fertilized. This feeding will be enough for the plant for the first time. Particular attention should be paid to substances with a nitrogen content: for example, urea. You can use it one year after planting the plant. During the season, feeding with urea is carried out three times.
Crown pruning is necessary for proper development, protection from pests, diseases. The formation of a tree is carried out in two ways:
- Classical. One main and 5-6 skeletal branches. The tree grows up to 8-9 m.
- Kustovoy. In the first year after planting, the tree is cut to 50-60 cm. During the season, it will acquire a large number of side branches. The following spring, the branches are shortened by 1/5 of the total length. Dry shoots are carefully removed. Shoots growing vertically are pulled out at right angles. Due to this, the maximum tree height will be 2-3 m. This will not affect the amount of harvest.
Preparation for winter means whitewashing the trunk of the plant, covering it with additional materials. The trunk, partially the branches are covered with burlap, insulated with peat.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
| Name of the disease | Period of infection | Manifestation | Control method, prevention |
| Coccomycosis | July August | A pink bloom forms on the bottom of the leaf, and blotches on the top. Subsequently, they increase, turning into holes. Leaves fall. The tree is weakening. Fruits do not reach maturity | Bordeaux liquid, copper oxychloride are used as a treatment. The preparations are sprayed on the affected areas. The main preventive measures: elimination of spoiled foliage, fruits, weeding weeds, timely fertilization of the soil, plants |
| Moniliosis | Warm season, flowering period | Small formations with fungal spores appear on the inflorescences. The berries are rotting. The leaves turn yellow, fall off. Moniliosis is very fast. Cherries can die if you do not take action in time | Copper sulfate, Bordeaux liquid are the best remedies for combating moniliosis. Sick branches, leaves must be cut, burned |
| Clasterosporium disease | Summer period | Spots appear on the leaves, from which holes form | Damaged areas are cut off, treated with a solution of copper sulfate |
| Cherry fly | May June | Lays eggs in fruits. Worms emerge from them. They feed on the pulp of berries, spoil them | Treat the tree with onion peel infusion. Remove affected shoots, fruits. As a preventive measure, special sticky traps for flies are hung on cherries. |
Conclusion
Cherry Valery Chkalov is a great option for planting in a garden. The variety will delight you with delicious juicy berries in the first summer month. The unpretentious tree to care for is popular among summer residents and commercial gardeners.
