Content
Juicy dark-colored fruits, compactness of the tree, high winter hardiness - all this can be said about Rossoshanskaya black cherry. This is one of the most common varieties of fruit trees, which has been successfully cultivated in many regions and regions of our country for over 20 years.
Breeding history
This variety was bred by planting a freely pollinated cherry variety at the Rossoshanskaya station named after A. Ya. Voronchikhina. It is believed that this seedling was Black consumer goods, since the external features of the tree and fruits of both varieties are in many ways similar.
Since 1986, Rossoshanskaya black has been successfully planted in the Central, Lower Volga and North Caucasian regions of the country. To date, this culture has been widely used, including on an industrial scale. The most common cherry variety Rossoshanskaya black can be found in the Volgograd and Rostov regions, as well as in the Central regions with soils rich in black earth.
Description of culture
The variety grows on average up to 3-4 meters in height, the crown of the tree is pyramidal with a wide base. A distinctive feature of Rossosh black is a rather weak foliage of the crown, moreover, with age, the tree becomes more and more bare.
The dark gray bark of the trunk has a characteristic smooth surface with almost no cracks. Shoots are straight, sometimes slightly curved. The bark on young shoots is greenish-brown, after which it becomes gray and acquires longitudinal stripes at the base.
The leaf blades are oval in shape with a pointed tip, reaching about 10 cm in length and no more than 5 cm in width.Like most cherry varieties, the leaves are glossy above, saturated green in color, and slightly pubescent below, with a grayish tint.
In the inflorescence there are most often two flowers, less often one or three. Flowers at the beginning of flowering are white, and by the end they acquire a pinkish tint.
The fruits of Rossosh black are rounded, slightly compressed from the sides. The weight of one cherry is about 4.5 g. The color of the fruit is a rich dark cherry, almost black. The pulp is juicy, thick and fleshy. Cherry tastes sweet and sour, due to which this variety is widely used in the industrial production of compotes.
Characteristics
The following criteria are most often used to characterize cherry varieties:
- resistance to adverse environmental conditions;
- harvest volume;
- flowering and fruiting times;
- resistance to various diseases and pests.
Let's consider the characteristics of black Rossosh cherry in more detail.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The variety has high winter hardiness, tolerates low temperatures with a minimum percentage of losses (no more than 10% freezing of flower buds). Drought tolerance of cherries is slightly higher than average. With a prolonged lack of moisture and the absence of regular watering, the tree will begin to die.
Sufficiently high indicators of resistance to low temperatures and drought make it possible to grow Rossosh black in many regions of Russia and the CIS countries.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Cherry Rossoshanskaya black belongs to self-pollinated varieties, but to obtain a higher yield, it is recommended to plant other trees nearby. Unlike other varieties, flowering begins late, and the period of fruit ripening is at the end of June.
Productivity, fruiting
Rossoshanskaya black begins to bear fruit 4 years after planting. At the same time, about 3-4 kg of cherries can be harvested from one tree. The increase in yield is rather slow, by the 7-9 year of the tree's life, about 10-13 kg of fruits can be harvested.
A distinctive feature of this variety is the long-term preservation of the fruits on the tree. When harvesting, together with the stalks, the cherry retains its presentation for a long time.
Scope of berries
Due to high technological criteria (taste, pulp density, percentage of sugar content, etc.), the Rossoshanskaya black cherry variety has been used for many years in the industrial production of compotes, jams and other products.
Disease and pest resistance
Rossosh black has an average or low degree of resistance to coccomycosis and moniliosis. This variety requires regular preventive treatment of shoots and leaves.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantages of the Rossoshanskaya black cherry variety include:
- small tree size and compactness of the crown;
- self-pollination;
- winter hardiness and the possibility of growing in many regions;
- high technological criteria of fruits;
- crop safety during long-term transportation.
The main disadvantages, in turn, are:
- slow increase in yield;
- poor resistance to diseases and pests.
Landing features
This variety is considered to be resistant to low temperatures, but very severe frosts can lead to the death of most of the buds. That is why it is important to choose the place and time of planting wisely.
Recommended timing
Like most fruit crops, it is best to plant cherries in the spring. This will prevent immature shoots from freezing.
Choosing the right place
When choosing a place for planting a seedling, several principles should be followed:
- The site should not be in the lowlands.
- Groundwater should be at a depth of at least 1.5 meters.
- The future cherry planting site should be protected from the cold winds on the north side.
- It is preferable to choose sandy loam or loamy soil.
In addition, do not forget that the distance from the planting site to other trees or nearby buildings should be at least two meters.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry Rossoshanskaya black feels comfortable next to other fruit crops. But do not plant this variety next to nightshades, as well as large trees such as birch, oak or linden. Also, cherries do not do well next to berry bushes, such as raspberries or gooseberries.
Selection and preparation of planting material
When choosing a seedling, you should pay attention to its appearance, the condition of the roots and shoots. The branches should be flexible, without cracks or creases, and the root system should be free from blisters, well-formed and developed.
Before planting, remove all damaged or broken branches, as well as those shoots that grow towards the roots.
Landing algorithm
The main stages of planting black Rossoshanskaya cherries:
- Digging a hole.The pit should be at least 60-65 cm wide and about 45 cm deep. Then it is necessary to spill the hole with 10-12 liters of water and leave until completely absorbed.
- If the soil is quite heavy, it is best to mix the excavated soil with sand. This will ensure proper drainage.
- A peg is driven into the center of the pit, next to which a cherry seedling is installed. Next, you should level the root system and gradually fill up the soil.
- Within a radius of a meter around the cherry, it is necessary to mulch the soil with sawdust. This will prevent excessive evaporation of moisture and drying out of the soil.
For greater reliability, it is best to tie the seedling to a peg.
Follow-up care of the culture
The whole care of cherries consists only in watering, regularly loosening the soil, removing weeds, as well as preventing diseases and pests.
You also need to monitor the pruning of new shoots. The trunk approximately 40 cm above ground level should be completely bare, without any branches.
The black Rossoshanskaya cherry should be watered abundantly 4 times during the entire growing season: after flowering, during the ovary of fruits, after collecting the main part of the harvest, and then in mid-October. Each watering should consume at least 10 liters of water.
Additionally, about once every 5-7 years, lime should be added to the soil. And for better rooting, it is best to add organic fertilizers and potassium chloride before planting.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The main pests and diseases affecting this cherry variety are presented in the table.
Pest / disease | External manifestations | Prevention and control methods |
Coccomycosis | Rapid yellowing and falling leaves. | Excessive moisture contributes to the spread of the fungus, which is why it is important to monitor the watering regime. As a measure of pest control, spraying with a solution of copper is carried out. |
Moniliosis | Burns on branches, leaves and bark. | It is necessary to carry out treatment with fungicides, as well as destroy the affected leaves and shoots. |
Green aphids and caterpillars | Characteristic traces of insect life appear, for example, gnawed leaves. | Every tree should be inspected regularly and pests should be removed. |
One of the best ways to prevent many diseases is a timely and detailed examination of the tree for the presence of pests, fungus or other signs of cherry damage. Also, all diseased branches and leaves must be cut and burned to prevent the spread of the disease.
Conclusion
Cherry Rossoshanskaya black is one of the most attractive and delicious varieties. Its resistance to frost and periodic drought makes it possible to grow crops in various climatic conditions. And the long preservation of fruits and high technological qualities make it possible to use this variety on an industrial scale.
