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Cherry is one of the most popular fruit crops. To obtain berries in warm and hot climates, two types are most often grown - ordinary and sweet cherries. Entire scientific teams are engaged in the development of new varieties, however, successful cultivars appear infrequently. Even less often, noteworthy dukes are created - hybrids of cherries and cherries.
Breeding history
Garland cherry is a typical duke. It was created by A. Ya. Voronchikhina, an employee of the Rossoshansk Experimental Gardening Station. The parent cultures were Krasa Severa and Zhukovskaya. Both varieties are old ducks. Krasa Severa is the first Russian cherry-cherry hybrid, bred back in 1888 by Ivan Michurin. Zhukovskaya is a frost-resistant duke created in 1947.
Since 2000, the Garland variety has been recommended for cultivation in the North Caucasus region.
Description of culture
Cherry Garland forms a low tree, not exceeding four meters in size. A rounded, not too dense crown consists of branches extending from the trunk almost at right angles. Young shoots are smooth, reddish-brown, with long internodes. With age, the bark first turns grayish-brown, then gray-black.
The leaves are large, smooth, concave. They have an almost round, often asymmetrical shape. The top of the leaf blade sharply sharpens, the base is either wedge-shaped or rounded. The central vein and long petiole are of anthocyanin coloration; there are no stipules.
Large white flowers on long legs are collected in 3-5, less often - 1-2 pcs. They reach 3.5-4 cm in diameter. The fruits of the garland are large, weighing about 6 g, and up to 2.5 cm in diameter. The shape of the berry may resemble a heart or a ball tapering towards the top with clear edges and a shallow funnel. The skin of the fruit is dark red, the flesh is bright, with light streaks, the juice is pink.
The berry is tender, juicy, with a sweet and sour pleasant taste, which received an assessment of 4.2 points. The stone is large, oval, well separated from the pulp.
Cherry variety Garland is recommended to grow in the North Caucasus region. At the moment, its distribution is small - the south of the Voronezh region and the north of the Rostov region.
Characteristics
Cherry Garland has great potential. Perhaps, over time, it will become more popular and the area of its cultivation will increase.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The drought resistance of the Garland variety is average, the frost resistance of wood is high. In the south, it can withstand even harsh winters. The flower buds withstand the frosts common in the recommended growing area. Some of them will die if the temperature drops below -30⁰ С.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
Cherry variety Garland is self-fertile. Some sources even claim that he does not need pollinators at all.Perhaps they think so because in the southern regions cherries and sweet cherries grow everywhere, and there are a lot of them. Often the crop is planted even along the roads as protection from dust. Berries from such trees are not harvested, but they bloom and give pollen.
Flowering and fruiting occur in the mid-early stages. In the south, the berries appear at the end of June.
Productivity, fruiting
Cherry Garland, which was planted on antipka, begins to bear fruit after planting for 3-4 years. A young tree gives about 8 kg of berries, then this figure rises to 25 kg. In a particularly good year, up to 60 kg of fruit can be harvested with an adult Garland cherry. It is thanks to the many berries that adorn a small tree in the middle of summer that the variety got its name. In the photo of the cherry Garland, this is clearly visible.
When fully ripe, berries come off cleanly, underripe - with pieces of pulp. Fruit transportability is low due to too tender pulp.
Scope of berries
Garland cherries have a universal purpose. They can be eaten fresh, canned, made jam. The fruits are suitable for making juices and wine - they contain enough acid and sugar.
Disease and pest resistance
Cherry Garland can be affected by typical crop pests. Its resistance to coccomycosis is average, but to a monilial burn it is high.
Advantages and disadvantages
The characteristics of the Garland cherry variety suggest that its numerous advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The benefits include:
- High productivity.
- Large berries.
- High resistance of wood to freezing.
- The berry is firmly attached to the stalk.
- High resistance to moniliosis.
- The Garland cherry tree is compact, making harvesting easier.
- Fruits for universal use.
- High self-fertility of the variety.
Among the disadvantages are:
- Insufficient frost resistance of flower buds.
- Low transportability of berries.
- Average resistance to coccomycosis.
- A big bone.
Landing features
The garland is planted in the same way as other varieties belonging to the Common Cherry species.
Recommended timing
In the south of the North Caucasus region, Garland cherry is planted in the fall, after leaf fall, in the north - in the spring, before bud break. The culture pit must be prepared in advance.
Choosing the right place
A well-lit place is suitable for Garland cherries. It should be level or located on a gentle slope of a hill. If cold winds prevail in the planting area, the tree must be protected with a fence, buildings or other crops.
The soil is needed neutral, rich in organic matter, loose.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Next to the Garland variety, you can plant other cherries, cherries or any stone fruit crops. Do not place birch, maple, walnut, oak, elm next to it. Sea buckthorn and raspberries should be planted further away - their root system will grow in width very quickly, will give abundant growth and will oppress the cherry.
After the Garland is well rooted, you can plant ground cover plants under it.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Saplings at the age of 1-2 years take root well. Their root should be well developed and not damaged. The color of the bark of a young cherry Garland is reddish brown. The stem must be straight, without damage or cracks, with a height:
- one-year seedling - 80-90 cm;
- two-year-old - no more than 110 cm.
Pre-planting cherry preparation is to soak the root. If it was wrapped in foil or smeared with a clay mash - for at least three hours. The unprotected root is dipped in water for at least a day.
Landing algorithm
A hole dug in advance should have a diameter of about 80 cm and a depth of at least 40 cm.When planting in autumn, it must be filled with water before planting a cherry.A fertile mixture is prepared from the top layer of the earth, obtained by digging a hole, a bucket of humus, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, taken in 50 g. If the soil is acidic, add lime or dolomite flour. A 0.5-1 bucket of sand is poured into dense soil.
Landing is carried out in the following sequence:
- At a distance of 20 cm from the center of the hole, a support is driven in.
- A cherry seedling is placed in the middle and covered with a fertile mixture. The root collar should rise by 5-8 cm.
- The soil is compacted, watered with 2-3 buckets of water.
- Around the perimeter of the landing pit, a hill is formed from the earth to retain moisture.
- Cherries are tied to a support.
- The soil is mulched with humus.
Follow-up care of the culture
After planting the cherry garland, the seedling is watered abundantly and frequently. An adult plant needs this only in dry summers. Water charging is carried out in autumn.
In the first years, the soil under the cherries is regularly loosened. When the Garland begins to bear fruit, ground covers can be planted under it.
The best top dressing is the autumn introduction of a bucket of humus and a liter can of ash into the trunk circle. It contains all the elements the cherry needs. Mineral fertilizers are applied as follows:
- nitrogen - in spring;
- potassium and phosphorus - in the fall.
In the regions recommended for cultivation, the Garland variety does not need shelter for the winter. But it needs to be cut regularly - to form before the start of sap flow, sanitation is carried out as needed.
The bole is protected from hares with burlap, straw, or by installing a special metal mesh.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Cherry varieties Garland are moderately susceptible to pest damage. To avoid trouble, you need to find out which insects are infecting the crop in your area, and carry out preventive spraying with the appropriate insecticides.
The Garland is almost not sick with moniliosis, it will be enough to carry out preventive treatments: in the spring, along the green cone - with copper-containing preparations, in the fall, after leaf fall:
- in the south - with preparations containing copper;
- in the northern regions - with iron vitriol.
In places where autumn is long and warm, a third treatment is carried out before the onset of frost - with iron vitriol.
Conclusion
Cherry Garland is not yet a highly appreciated variety. High self-fertility, excellent yield, compact size and universal purpose berries with a pleasant taste will make it more in demand over time.
