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For true lovers of roses, the question of replenishing the assortment in the garden sometimes rises squarely. It is expensive to buy ready-made rooted seedlings, and sometimes the purchased material does not correspond to the attached photo. Most rose growers prefer to grow their favorite varieties on their own. Of all the cultivation methods, cuttings of roses in the fall are the most affordable and simple. Therefore, he is very popular with flower growers. All you need is a pruner, the original bush and the desire to turn your garden into a piece of paradise.
What roses can be grown by cuttings
Before you start cutting the cuttings, it is important to decide which roses can be grown from cuttings in the fall and which cannot.
It is worth noting that each variety has its own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, the percentage of survival rate of cuttings of roses can fluctuate significantly both up and down.
Cuttings of the following types and varieties take root perfectly:
- Semi-plaited varieties;
- Miniature and polyanthus varieties of roses;
- Excelsa, Flammentanz, Iceberg, Rosalinda varieties.
Hybrid tea varieties also reproduce well by cuttings, but their root system is very weak. Therefore, rose experts advise to grow them by grafting.
Repaired, climbing and park varieties are more difficult to propagate by cuttings - the percentage of rooting is too low, less than 30-40%.
Before propagating a particular variety, it is necessary to collect as much information as possible about the advantages and characteristics of growing this plant.
Compared to other methods of growing rose bushes, such as grafting or seed propagation, cutting roses in the fall is the cheapest, and does not require special knowledge and skills.
How and when to cut rose cuttings
You can plant cuttings of roses both in spring and autumn. However, experienced gardeners still prefer autumn cuttings. Why? The main reason is that the grafting process can be combined with autumn pruning rose bushes and rose gardening works. Secondly, in the fall, the bushes are abundantly covered with flowers, and it is very difficult to confuse which variety you want to propagate. Thirdly, a good housewife never loses anything. Having cut off the extra shoots, you can cut them into cuttings of the desired length and add. With the arrival of spring, the rooted stalk will give the first shoots.
On average, the survival rate of cuttings cut from a bush is about 75-80% of the total number of planted material. At this moment, it is important to give the future bushes maximum attention and care, following the recommendations of the rose experts. After all, even minor deviations from the rules will nullify all your efforts.
- cut shoots should be carefully inspected for damage or pests. Only healthy material should be left for cuttings;
- the thickness of the branches should be at least 4-5 mm and not more than the thickness of a pencil;
- each shoot can be divided into several cuttings. Their length should be at least 15-18 cm, and on each cutting - at least 3-5 developed and healthy buds;
- from the lower edge of the cutting, the cut should be made at a distance of 1-2 mm from the extreme kidney, and at the top - 5-7 mm.In order not to get confused when planting, where is the top of the handle and where is the bottom, make the lower cut oblique, and the upper one straight;
- at the lower leaves, you need to cut off the leaf plates, and leave the petioles. But at the upper buds, it is not recommended to cut off the leaves completely - in them, almost until the very last warm day, the process of photosynthesis takes place. Cut them in half - the remaining leaf plate will be enough for the cutting to develop.
Cuttings prepared for breeding can be planted directly into the prepared soil, or you can plant them in boxes or containers for rooting. Wherever you decide to plant cuttings, it is advisable to treat their lower part with a solution that stimulates the formation and growth of roots before planting.
Rules for planting cuttings of roses in the ground
Before planting roses with cuttings in the fall, you should thoroughly prepare the planting site.
Rose is a very delicate and fastidious flower. And she reacts very sharply to the lack of any elements or nutrients. Many beginner amateurs complain that even if all the rules for planting roses in autumn are followed by cuttings, only 1-2 out of 10 shoots take root. And the problem can be very simple - the land is not well prepared for planting or the place for future rose bushes is not chosen correctly.
To prevent this from happening, let's figure out how to choose a suitable place in the garden and properly prepare the ground.
Choosing a place and preparing the soil for planting roses
Before determining the location of the future rose garden, it is important to know what the queen of the garden loves, and what should be protected from.
Like many flowers, the rose is very light and thermophilic. Therefore, the place should match her - well lit at any time of the day. But cold and piercing winds are very harmful to her. Therefore, many growers for growing roses choose areas along walls or fences.
It is also important to take into account that the groundwater at the site of the future flower garden is not located too close (less than 1 m) to the earth's surface. Otherwise, there is a danger that the root system will constantly rot, which will immediately affect both the flowering of the bush and its condition.
Do not plant cuttings of roses under trees - they will cover the sun's rays with their branches. This will immediately affect flowering - there will be few buds on the bushes, the flowers will be faded and small.
The composition of the soil is equally important for roses. Therefore, it is necessary to plant cuttings in loose, fertile soil. If the soil on your site is scarce, fertilize and dig up a place for the future flower garden in advance.
Planting cuttings of roses
Cuttings are planted in open ground in two ways: immediately to a permanent place or in a "cuticle" - a specially prepared bed for rooting planting material.
On the one hand, planting rose cuttings in a permanent place is preferable - in the future you will not have the hassle of replanting. The distance between the holes in this case will be from 0.6 m to 1.5 m, depending on the type and variety of roses.
On the other hand, plantings must be covered for the winter. In this case, it is easier and easier to cover the cuttings. With the arrival of spring, opening the greenhouse, you will immediately see which cuttings have taken root and which have not. When planting cuttings of roses on a garden bed, it should be borne in mind that the distance between them should be at least 10-12 cm.
Cuttings of roses are ready for planting almost immediately after cutting. Immediately before planting the material, you need to process the upper cut of the cutting to prevent the penetration of pathogens. To do this, the cut can be treated with a light pink solution of potassium permanganate or dipped in melted wax.
The holes need to be dug deeper, at least 25-30 cm deep. A layer of cut grass should be laid at the bottom of the planting pit, filling the hole by about a third or half. Lay a layer of rotted manure or compost on top of the grass, water the hole abundantly. Place the stalk in the middle at a slight angle and sprinkle with earth. The soil must be compacted.
In the autumn, for successful rooting, cuttings of roses need high humidity - at least 80-90%. Therefore, experienced gardeners and rose experts, after planting, cover the cuttings with glass jars or cut plastic bottles. An ideal microclimate is created under them, contributing to the preservation and germination of seedlings. It is advisable to choose a transparent container. Banks are removed only in the spring.
The planted material must be mulched with dry foliage or peat.
Transplant seedlings for another place will be possible only next fall.
It is important to remember that cuttings of roses in the fall must be completed at least two weeks before the expected frost.
Shelter planted rose cuttings for the winter
After planting cuttings in open ground, it is important to provide them with good protection - to reliably cover the plantings on the eve of the coming winter.
The cuticle is covered by constructing a miniature greenhouse above it. Most often, avid florists use improvised material. Above the bed, several arcs of metal rods are installed and placed at a distance of 50-60 cm from each other. Any waterproofing material is laid on them. Perfect for this purpose are: plastic wrap, agrofibre, lutrasil.
Covering material must be secured around the edges of the mini-greenhouse to prevent cold air from entering. Boards, bricks or stones are laid on the edges of the material around the perimeter. Top the greenhouse additionally with dry foliage or spruce branches, and at the first snowfall, throw more snow on it. Now your future flowers are not afraid of the most severe frosts.
If you decide in the fall to plant roses with cuttings immediately to a permanent place, then a kind of tent should be built over each future bush. The rest of the steps and material are identical with the above-described method of covering the cuticle.
In the spring, plantings need to be opened gradually, layer by layer. First, as soon as the thaw begins, throw back the snow. Then you will need to remove the spruce branches. The greenhouse also needs to be opened gradually. If you have done all the work with diligence, then in a couple of weeks you will see the first green shoots.
As you can see, it is not so difficult to grow a rose using the cuttings method. It is important to follow all the recommendations of rose experts.
The author of the video will tell you how to cut roses correctly:
Rooting cuttings of roses in containers
Not all gardeners plant cuttings of roses in the fall immediately in open ground. Some people prefer to root them both in containers and in boxes or buckets, and in the spring they are planted in the garden.
Cuttings are planted in containers in cases where the time for planting in a flower garden has already been missed or it is not possible to get to the summer cottage, but it is necessary to save valuable planting material.
The container for rooting rose cuttings should be deep and spacious. Plastic buckets are ideal for this purpose.
- Lay a drainage layer 5-6 cm thick at the bottom of the container. River pebbles or expanded clay are excellent for these purposes.
- Fill a bucket or container with soil. You can mix the earth with a mixture for rooting and growing roses in a 1: 1 ratio. For long-term preservation of moisture and better rooting, professionals advise adding Agroperlite or Vermiculite to the soil in an amount of 15-20% of the total volume.
- Moisten the soil slightly. The most convenient way to do this is with a spray bottle.
- Make small vertical holes with a stick slightly larger than the thickness of the rose cuttings.The distance between the holes should be at least 8-10 cm.
- Dip the lower cut of the cutting first in water, and then in "Kornevin" and immediately insert into the prepared holes. "Kornevin" is an excellent stimulant for the formation and active growth of the root system. It is important that the bottom cut is completely in the ground without touching the drainage layer.
- Compact the soil well around the planted cuttings.
A box or bucket with planted cuttings must be wrapped in transparent plastic wrap and secured with a rope or stapler, preventing air from entering. A small hole can be made in the film from above, which should be immediately closed with a regular clothespin. By removing and putting on the clip, you can easily adjust the air temperature in the greenhouse in the spring.
The container with planted cuttings of roses should be taken out to the loggia, glazed balcony or veranda. It is important to take into account that the temperature in the room may differ only slightly from the outside temperature.
In severe frosts, plantings must be covered with an old jacket or blanket, or brought into the room for a short period.
You can plant rooted seedlings in open ground in the usual way as soon as the ground warms up. When transplanting, it is important to very carefully remove the established cuttings from the soil so as not to damage the delicate roots.
How to keep cuttings until spring
Sometimes circumstances develop in such a way that planting cuttings of roses in the fall immediately into the ground for rooting is not possible, and it is necessary to preserve excellent planting material until spring. There are at least two ways to preserve cuttings.
How to keep cuttings in the basement
This method of preserving rose cuttings was used by our grandparents. They wrapped the lower edge of the cut cuttings in 3-4 layers with a piece of burlap soaked in water, wrapped them in a plastic bag and sent them to the cellar until spring. The room temperature should not exceed + 2 +С + 3˚С, and the humidity should not exceed 70-75%.
At least 2-3 times a month, you need to check the condition of the material for moisture. If the burlap starts to dry out, dampen it with a spray bottle. In the absence of burlap, you can use any cotton rag. Synthetics cannot be used in this case.
In the spring, carefully remove the rose cuttings from the basement and carefully remove the burlap. If you did everything correctly, then at the end of the cuttings you will see small roots. The seedlings can now be planted in open ground using the usual method.
How to keep cuttings in the garden
There can be many reasons to keep the cuttings of roses until spring. The landing site is not ready, the planting material was purchased or cut late, the weather is bad. What to do in such a situation? In any case, you can dig in the cuttings in a remote place in the garden, and plant them in the spring according to all the rules.
- Dig a small trench, the width of which should exceed the length of the cuttings of roses by 5-7 cm, and the depth is about 20-30 cm. Its length depends on the amount of material. Keep in mind that the distance between the branches should be at least 7-9 cm.
- The bottom of the trench should be laid with straw or peat.
- Lay the planting material across. Do not forget to cut off all the leaves from the cuttings before doing this.
- Cover them from above with any covering material: lutrasil or agrofibre.
- Fill the trench with soil and mulch with spruce or pine branches, dry leaves.
- Do not forget to mark the boundaries of the trench with pegs, so that with the arrival of spring you do not waste time and energy looking for planting material.
As soon as the snow falls, cover the garden with a natural blanket. In spring, such cuttings of roses should be planted in a cuttings or in a permanent place immediately after extraction from the ground. Consider this when planning your work on the site and, if possible, prepare the site in advance.
How to save cuttings of roses in autumn and plant them in spring, you will learn from the video plot:
Conclusion
Perhaps propagating roses using cuttings will seem too difficult and troublesome to you. Cutting is a really difficult process, requiring experience and skill. And experience, as you know, is a profitable business. But all your efforts will be more than paid when the buds begin to bloom in the rose garden, emitting a delicate, divine aroma.
