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In the middle lane in winter it is quite cold, so it is important to properly prepare roses for wintering. Modern varieties delight with flowers for a long time, up to the first frost. They themselves are not able to prepare for cold weather, their vegetative period continues.
Caring for roses at the end of summer
Training roses towards winter in the middle lane begins at the end of summer. Nitrogen-containing fertilizers are excluded from top dressing, they activate the growth of leaves and shoots. In August, fertilizing with potassium and phosphorus is carried out, which strengthen the root system and contribute to the ripening of rose shoots. Superphosphate (25 g), potassium sulfate (10 g), boric acid (2.5 g) are dissolved in a bucket of water and watered rose bushes.
In September, feeding is carried out again. Superphosphate and potassium sulfate, taken 15 g each, are dissolved in a bucket of water. Foliar dressing in the form of spraying with a solution of fertilizers effectively affects plants, the dosage of which is reduced by 3 times.
With the beginning of autumn, in the middle lane under a rose bush, they do not loosen the soil so as not to cause the development of young weak roots and the development of shoots. From the second half of September, all buds that appear should be removed.
How to properly prune roses in the fall
Preparing roses for winter in the middle lane includes an important agricultural technique - pruning. Pruning not only makes it possible to simplify the shelter process, but also stimulates the growth of new shoots with a large number of buds in the coming season. Many shoots will not shade each other, the crown will receive the maximum amount of light and heat, ventilation will improve, which will not allow diseases to attack the plant. Cut bushes are much easier to tolerate the winter cold of the middle lane.
The secateurs must be well sharpened and disinfected. The cut should be flat. Old lignified shoots are removed with a hacksaw.
Pruning of roses in the middle lane is carried out in late autumn, in late October or early November, shortly before the hiding place of the roses.
First of all, dried, broken, diseased branches are removed. Then all leaves and buds are removed, after which green shoots are cut out that have not ripened and will be the first contenders for frost damage.
Pay attention to the features of pruning roses:
- Green shoots are cut to a white core;
- The cuts are made at an angle, then water will not stagnate in them;
- The cut passes over the kidney at a distance of 1.5 cm;
- The bud should be directed to the outside of the rose bush so that the future shoot does not grow inward;
- A dry, windless day is suitable for pruning.
In no case should you leave trimmed parts of plants on the site, usually spores of fungi and bacteria hibernate in them.
There are 3 types of rose pruning:
- Very short when the entire bush is cut to the base, leaving 2-3 buds. This type of pruning is suitable for varieties hybrid tea roses and floribunda. Prune other varieties if they are damaged by diseases or insect pests;
- Average pruning most often applied to Old English and hybrid tea roses, the shoots are shortened by half, leaving their length by 30 cm, 4-5 buds remain. By shortening old shoots, they make it possible for the young and strong to develop;
- Long or light pruning is applied to rare varieties of roses, a gentle pruning type allows flowers to appear earlier, but over time the bushes lose their shape.
Have climbing roses carry out sanitary pruning, removing dried, broken and damaged branches, healthy shoots are barely shortened, 2 old lashes are shortened by 5 buds, in order to stimulate the growth of shoots from replacement buds.
Correctly carried out pruning rejuvenates the bush, maintains its neat shape, health, and makes it easier to cover roses.
How to cover roses for the winter in the middle lane
By removing the leaves and buds, the roses will be given a signal to end the growing season. However, plants should not be covered immediately. All cuts and cuts must dry. And, if there is a long warm autumn in central Russia, then in hideouts roses can vanish. To prevent the death of plants in the shelter, the prepared bushes should be kept for 2-3 weeks at temperatures up to -5 ° C. Then the plants will completely go into sleep mode, the movement of juices will stop.
In early December, at temperatures down to -7 ° C, roses begin to cover in the central regions of central Russia. The center of the bush is covered with a layer of mulch up to 40 cm, peat, humus, compost or just soil are used. Further, they organize a litter of fallen leaves, spruce branches. Branches are bent and fixed with staples, covered with foliage or spruce branches from above. An additional measure of protection: arcs are installed over the lying branches and some covering material is pulled. In this way, you can protect hybrid tea varieties of roses, floribunda, climbing from winter frosts.
Watch a video about preparing roses for winter:
If the shoots are fragile and break easily, then they should not be bent to the ground, a shelter is erected above them from arcs, over which covering materials are pulled. The soil near the bush is covered with mulch.
There are varieties park roses and hybrids that do not need to organize a shelter in central Russia, it is enough for them to mulch the soil around the aerial part of the shoots.
In the Ural region, winter colds come earlier, so rose bushes should be covered at the end of October. In the middle of the month, rose bushes are cut, green shoots and buds are removed, garbage is removed and burned. The trunk circle is covered with a layer of mulch up to half a meter.
A shelter is organized over the bushes. If these are freestanding bushes that have undergone a short cut, then it is convenient to use wooden or plastic boxes for shelter, which are covered with plastic wrap from above, fixing it with bricks or nailing it with slats so that gusts of wind do not tear off the covering material.
You should also protect the bushes from the possible appearance of rodents. Mice and rats can not only damage the shoots, but also the roots by digging holes. It is necessary to decompose drugs to scare away rodents ("Rat Death", creolin, which is soaked in sawdust and laid out near the bushes under the shelter). The use of spruce branches for sheltering roses also scares away rodents. There are also folk methods: pour a layer of ash on the soil or spread cat excrement, then rodents will bypass your plantings.
Another reliable and very effective way to hide rose bushes: a board or plywood hut, which is covered with agrofibre or film on top. For roses to have enough air space, the top of the shelter should be 10-20 cm above the bushes. In such huts, roses do not freeze out and never vygolut.
In the Siberian region, the peculiarity of the climate is that the winter cold can come quite late. If the roses are covered too early, they can blow out under cover. The weather forecast should be closely monitored. As soon as the temperatures drop to -7 ° C, the plants are covered with spruce branches, young specimens can be covered with 5 liter plastic bottles with a cut out bottom and removed lids.
The Siberian region is distinguished by a large abundance of snow, which will reliably cover the plants. The task of the growers is to preserve the plants before the permanent snow cover falls.
Separately, it should be said about shelter of climbing roses in the middle lane. They are not cut off too much, since the peculiarity of the species is that the buds are formed on the shoots of the last year. If a climbing rose is subjected to strong pruning, then next year you will be deprived of a beautiful flowering.The bush is bent to the soil, laid on spruce branches and covered with it on top. Then they cover it with some material that is securely fixed at the edges. Instead of spruce branches, you can use fallen leaves.
What covering material do flower growers use to cover roses in the middle lane:
- Spunbond good because it allows air, moisture, light to pass through. Creates the effect of being covered by snow. It protects plants well during the off-season, when constant temperatures have not been established. Roses do not freeze, the soil around the plant does not freeze. The material is strong, will last at least 5 years;
- Polyethylene film - the cheapest and most popular material, but does not breathe. Therefore, when preparing roses for winter, be sure to leave holes for the plants to breathe. Negative qualities of plastic film: does not allow air to pass through, has a limited service life. Positive qualities: economic benefit, ability to retain heat;
- Lutrasil - non-woven material, has a different density, to cover roses, you should use a density of 40-60 g per 1 sq. m in 2-3 layers. The material transmits light, air, moisture well. For shelter, when using lutrasil, it is not at all necessary to put arcs, if you bend climbing roses to the ground, then you should put boards, spruce branches, dry foliage under them. Lutrasil - high-quality material, will last more than one year, environmentally friendly, economically profitable;
- Geotextile made from synthetic fibers. Very durable, easy to cut with scissors. Long-lasting, not subject to decay;
- Dry leaves protect the soil and plants well from the first cold weather, but the foliage decomposes too quickly, attracting insects and rodents. Leaves are not used as an independent shelter. It will require the construction of a protective frame over the plants covered with leaves. Leaves for shelter are used only well dried from birch, oak, maple. It will take time in the spring to remove the foliage;
- Coniferous tree branches - spruce branches do not require financial investments, they do an excellent job with their task - to protect roses from winter cold. An air space is created under the layer of spruce branches, which is well ventilated. The needles scare away rodents;
- Boards and plywood a fairly expensive hiding place for roses, however, very reliable. This type of shelter is best used in regions with cold winters and winds;
- Sackcloth used by flower growers when there were no other options for shelter. Plus the burlap: it allows air to pass through, but the minus is that the material itself can absorb moisture, then the plants under such a shelter can vanish.
The task of each type of shelter is to create an air gap near the rose bushes, where the air will be warmer than in the environment.
Conclusion
Preparation of roses for winter in the middle lane begins in the summer. Plants are properly fed, depriving nitrogen fertilizers, and the buds are removed. Such actions are aimed at ensuring that the plants enter the final stage of the growing season. Correct pruning, removal of shoots and leaves, complete the growing season, roses are ready to hibernate. The task of flower growers is to preserve dormant plants, protecting them from frost in the middle lane through the organization of a shelter, so that in the next season, again, rejoice in the abundant flowering of roses.
