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Reproduction of chrysanthemums is available in any vegetative way - using cuttings, dividing or layering. You can also grow seedlings from seeds, but this is a more time consuming method. Reproduction is carried out in the second half of spring or early summer.
Is it possible to propagate chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum can be grown at home. There are several proven ways to propagate indoor and outdoor bushes:
- spring-summer or autumn cuttings;
- obtaining layering;
- division;
- growing from seeds.
Vegetative methods allow you to get a plant with the same characteristics as the mother bush. When chrysanthemum is propagated by seeds, the culture does not inherit all varietal characteristics. This method is very laborious and time consuming.
Most often for the reproduction of chrysanthemums, gardeners choose vegetative methods.
When can chrysanthemums be propagated
Crops are cultivated throughout the season. The timing depends on the chosen method, as well as on the growing conditions - in the garden or at home:
- Cuttings are carried out in late spring or early summer. This method is also suitable for autumn breeding. In the spring and summer, planting material is placed in the open field in a greenhouse or under a film. In the fall, the mother bush is dug up and stored in the cellar, and then cuttings are obtained (in February). Also, autumn cuttings are suitable for indoor chrysanthemums. They are grown from a street bush or from a bouquet branch.
- Reproduction of chrysanthemums by layering is also allowed in the spring (April). Although it is better to dig in the mother's shoots even in the fall. Then they can be transplanted to a new place for the next season.
- The division of the bush is carried out in the second half of spring, when the frosts have already receded, and the soil has warmed up enough. A fallback option is late summer or early autumn.
- Seed propagation involves sowing the material in mid or late February. Seedlings develop for a long time, so you should not be late with the procedure.
When to propagate chrysanthemum at home
At home, the culture is often bred by cuttings. You can grow a new flower both from a garden shoot and from a branch left after a bouquet.
If bred from bouquet flowers, it is better to take several branches at once. It is better to do the propagation of chrysanthemums in the fall (towards the end of October): in this case, the specific period does not matter, since the seedling will grow at home.
Algorithm of actions:
- Cut a stalk of any size (15–20 cm). These should be basal shoots, not apical shoots. First, the stalk must be carefully examined. If necessary, the rotten places are cut off.
- All shoots and leaves are removed. Make a straight upper cut and a lower oblique (at an angle of 45 degrees).
- For effective reproduction of chrysanthemums, the lower part of the cutting is immersed in a growth stimulant solution. It can be aloe juice with water (1: 1) or a special preparation: Kornevin, Epin, Heteroauxin and others.
- In the water (on the windowsill), the stalk will stand until the first roots form, which will take up to one month. During this time, the chrysanthemum shoot can rot.In this case, you need to get it out, cut off all damaged parts and change the water by adding 1-2 tablets of crushed activated carbon to it.
- Then you need to prepare the soil. It can be a universal soil or a mixture of sod (surface) soil with sand, humus and perlite (2: 1: 1: 1). Previously, the earth is watered with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or kept for several days in the freezer.
- After that, the cuttings are transplanted. Watered with settled water. No fertilizer should be added. For the reproduction of chrysanthemums in the fall, feeding is not needed.
Cuttings obtained from a garden chrysanthemum bush root in 90–95% of cases
When to propagate street chrysanthemums
Street chrysanthemums are successfully bred by vegetative methods, the main of which is cuttings. You should not choose apical (green) shoots, but, on the contrary, basal (lignified) ones. The sequence of actions is as follows:
- In early October, the chrysanthemum bush is completely cut off, leaving hemp 3-5 cm high.
- Then it is carefully dug up and transplanted into a large pot (in the same soil), the roots are sprinkled with sand or earth.
- Place the container in a cool cellar or other dark room with a temperature of + 5–7 ° C.
- The soil is periodically moistened, but not too abundantly (it should remain slightly damp).
- In mid-February, the mother chrysanthemum bush is transferred to a warm room for further propagation by cuttings.
- It is watered abundantly and left in the light. After 7-10 days, the first shoots will appear.
- As soon as they reach a height of 10 cm, they must be cut so that 4 leaves remain on the hemp. Shoots will grow again on the mother bush, which can also be used for breeding.
- A cut is made on the cuttings, they are immersed in a growth stimulator and wait for the roots to appear.
- After that, they are transplanted into fertile soil and covered with foil.
- Periodically ventilated and watered. Remove the film after the appearance of new shoots.
- In April, they give a complex mineral fertilizer or urea.
- At the beginning of May, they are transferred to open ground.
This is a simpler option: just break a branch 10-15 cm long, make an oblique cut and root it in fertile, moist soil, covered with a film. New shoots will appear in a month.
Cuttings are grown in small containers
How can chrysanthemum propagate
There are other effective ways of chrysanthemum propagation. This is getting layering and dividing the bush. To some gardeners, they seem even easier than cutting and growing seedlings from seeds.
How to plant a chrysanthemum by dividing a bush
Reproduction by dividing the rhizome is allowed only for adult bushes aged 3-4 years and older. You need to start the procedure in late April or early May. You should act like this:
- First, old, lignified and damaged branches are removed.
- Then the bush is carefully dug up and the soil is shaken off from the roots.
- Take a sharp knife or pruner. Cut 5-6 plots with healthy roots and shoots (1-2 branches on each).
- Planted in fertile soil, watered abundantly.
- After 2-3 weeks, give urea or other nitrogen fertilizer.
How to properly propagate chrysanthemums by layering
Reproduction by layering is suitable for winter-hardy varieties. The procedure starts in the fall (October). They act as follows:
- Several lower shoots are outlined, which will become layering.
- Dig an appropriate number of trenches around the bush with a depth of 7-10 cm.
- The stems are tilted and fixed with staples.
- Sprinkle with fertile soil, watered.
- A mound of earth 15–20 cm high is made from above.
- Additionally, you can shower with leaves.
- At the end of April, when the threat of frost has passed, the layers are dug up and divided according to the number of roots.
- Children are planted in a new place (fertile, light soil). Watered and fed with nitrogen fertilizer.
Rules for planting chrysanthemums in open ground
Chrysanthemums are best planted in light, fertile soil. Placement should be:
- sublime (not lowland);
- protected from strong winds;
- well lit, although slight partial shade is allowed for some varieties.
It is advisable to plant seedlings (cuttings, overgrown cuttings or cuttings) in open ground in spring, when the soil temperature is at least + 8–10 ° C. When planting, fertile soil is poured into a hole mixed with humus and peat (2: 1: 1), and the root collar is buried just below the surface (2-3 cm).
Chrysanthemum seedlings are transferred to open ground in mid-May
Chrysanthemum care rules after breeding
After planting a flower in the ground or in a pot, it needs special care:
- Weekly watering with warm, settled water. If the heat is established, then 2 times more often.
- Top dressing with complex mineral fertilizer up to five times per season.
- Weed removal.
- Loosening the soil (no lumps should be allowed).
- Mulching with peat, hay, sawdust (especially in the hot period). This helps to retain moisture in the soil.
Experienced gardening tips
To cope with the reproduction of chrysanthemums can not only an experienced, but also a novice florist. In order for the seedlings to take root, you need to pay attention to a few practical tips:
- When growing cuttings at home, they must initially be planted in a small flowerpot. Only the next year, when the flower grows, is it allowed to transplant into a larger container.
- At the first stages after planting a seedling in May, it needs to be fed with complex mineral fertilizers 2 times a month.
- You need to harvest at least five seedlings. Some of them do not take root or die during the growth process, after transplantation.
- When harvesting cuttings or receiving cuttings, only healthy shoots should be selected. If the bush is sick in the current season, it is better to leave it alone.
- Chrysanthemum can only be transplanted into warm soil. If in doubt, it is better to measure the temperature: dig a hole 15 cm deep and put a thermometer there, sprinkling it with earth for 10-15 minutes.
Conclusion
Reproduction of chrysanthemums is available both in the garden and at home. Getting seedlings is easy. It is necessary to transplant them into the ground in time and provide normal care. Plants develop quickly and usually bloom in the same season.
