Content
Chamomile chrysanthemums are popular representatives of the flora, which are widely used in modern landscape design, floristry (solo and prefabricated bouquets, wreaths, boutonnieres, compositions). Unpretentious plants from mid-July until late autumn serve as a magnificent decoration for the whole house, room, terrace, stairs, in the local area along the wall and in the form of borders, flower beds, rabatki. Abundant flowering of individual bushes lasts up to 2-2.5 months.
Chrysanthemums are one of the most delightful, simple, versatile and sought-after decorative flowers that are grown as houseplants, in greenhouses, and outdoors.
Healthy and beautiful plants are the result of proper care and protection from diseases and pests
What are the names of chrysanthemums, like chamomile
Ordinary chrysanthemums in the form of daisies in the scientific community are called Chrysanthemum morifolium, which in Greek means "golden-colored". Compositae aster plants belong to the genus of shrubby annuals and perennials.
Chamomile chrysanthemums are characterized not only by a diverse color palette, but also by the following features:
- erect, leafy, branched stem, 25-120 cm high;
- umbrella-shaped inflorescences;
- flowers with ligulate, marginal, tubular petals in one or more rows on a receptacle;
- simple or semi-double type of inflorescence;
- the diameter of individual flowers is 3-25 cm (depending on the variety);
- petiolate, dissected leaves 7-15 cm long, 4-8 cm wide;
- fibrous root system;
- fruit seeds.
One branch can simultaneously have up to 20 inflorescences of various diameters, depending on the varieties.
The delightful variety of colors of chamomile species amazes with a riot of colors from mid-summer to the arrival of the first frost
What is the difference between chrysanthemum and chamomile
Common field or garden chamomile and daisy-shaped chrysanthemums belong to the same Astrov family.
Bush chrysanthemum and chamomile (genus Matricari) are characterized only by a visual similarity in the structure of inflorescences, but they have a large number of significant differences:
- unlike chrysanthemums (which are characterized by a huge variety of shades and colors), daisies growing in the field and in the beds are distinguished by the classic combination of a yellow center and white petals;
- unlike tall chrysanthemums, the size of chamomile bushes on average reaches 15-60 cm;
- the diameter of the flowers of an ordinary chamomile is much smaller than that of a chrysanthemum (up to 2.5 cm);
- leaves of a straight, even or needle-shaped garden or field chamomile look much "poorer" than exquisitely carved chrysanthemum leaves;
- the flowering period of ordinary daisies begins in June and ends with the arrival of the first autumn cold weather, chrysanthemums adorn gardens and beds with their flowering from July-August, until November and the arrival of the first frosts.
Modest Russian chamomile - a relative of exquisite chamomile chrysanthemums
Chamomile Chrysanthemum Varieties
Small chrysanthemum like chamomile, due to the wide variety of varieties, rightfully bears the name "queen of bouquets".Tall varieties are used for arranging bouquets and compositions, and medium and undersized varieties are an ideal decor for beds, flower beds, and a flower bed.
Popular tall varieties
Among the tall bush chamomile chrysanthemums, the Bacardi variety, bred in 2004, is distinguished by a huge variety of shades of velvety inflorescences, whose delicate petals surround a convex, "open" core. The plant is characterized by a strong, elastic stem, the height of which can reach 1.5 m. Separate dense flowers in the inflorescence are 5-7 cm in diameter. A small convex middle - up to 1.5 cm in diameter is a real decoration of the flower.
Varieties of Bacardi:
- Bacardi White - chamomile chrysanthemum is white, unlike classic chamomile, it has a green color in the middle, and more rounded, large petals of boiling white color.
Fragile and delicate Bacardi White - a sophisticated classic of a wedding bouquet for a bride
- Bacardi Pink - chrysanthemum with rounded petals of a pale pink shade and a light green-green center.
The irrepressible and pure energy of youth is associated with the inflorescences of Bacardi Pink.
- Bacardi Sani - an original bright variety with inflorescences of a sunny, rich yellow color and a contrasting dark-green heart.
Even the most rainy day will be adorned with the sunny yellow color of the petals of the chamomile chrysanthemum Bacardi Sani
- Bacardi Cream - chrysanthemum with graceful inflorescences of a soft creamy color and a pronounced green center.
Delicate inflorescences of Bacardi Cream are an ideal solution for decorating wedding ceremonies
- Bacardi Bordo - noble flowers of a red-burgundy hue with yellow-green hearts.
Bacardi Bordo - an elegant and noble flower for special occasions
- Bacardi Celebrite - an exquisite small-colored variety with a bright yellow color of three-row tongue-shaped petals, with a greenish-yellow center.
Solar fireworks of the holiday are visible in the rays of the petals of the bright yellow chamomile chrysanthemum Bacardi Celebrite
- Two tone pink - a solemn two-color tall variety (the height of the bushes reaches 1.3 m) with simple inflorescences of the original dark crimson color with a contrasting white border along the edge of the reed marginal petals (the diameter of individual flowers is up to 4.5 cm).
Magic and magic are present in the two-tone flowers of the Two Tone Pink chamomile chrysanthemum
Variety of medium and low growing varieties
Among the medium and low-growing border varieties of chamomile chrysanthemums, the most popular can be distinguished:
- Fantasy - a popular low-growing variety (up to 30 cm high), which is ideal for the formation of spectacular low curbs. Lilac-pink semi-double six-row petals are ideally combined with a yellow daisy center.
The undersized daisy Fantasy chrysanthemum is an ideal decoration for autumn beds
- Gold fish - an unusual variety, which is characterized by a rather large, "stuffed" yellow convex core. Framed by golden yellow, six-rowed petals with an orange tint, reminiscent of the scales of a fabulous fish in color, the middle contrasts thanks to a refined, greenish edging.
Golden reflections of autumn with dazzling yellow petals are characteristic of the border chamomile chrysanthemum Zolotaya Rybka
- Teddy bear - a semi-double, attractive variety with a brick color of petals, the shade of which smoothly turns into a rich sand color towards the middle. A small yellow center crowns the inflorescences.
A delightful play of colors is visible in semi-double inflorescences of medium-sized chamomile chrysanthemums. Teddy Bear
- Russian field - an incredibly luxuriantly blooming plant with white three-row inflorescences, up to 4 cm in diameter, with a large yellow center of a convex shape. The effect of a blooming chamomile field is achieved thanks to the textured yellow center and contrasting white petals.
The mesmerizing and inspiring beauty of the chamomile meadow is present in the impressive inflorescences of chamomile chrysanthemums Russkoe Pole
- Sunny day - chamomile chrysanthemums, flower-shaped like echinacea, are endowed with a simple inflorescence of rich yellow color. The diameter of an individual bud reaches 4cm, while the petals and core are painted in a sunny color. The variety belongs to medium-sized, the height reaches 70 cm.
Miniature copies of the heavenly body in the autumn beds are present in the form of chamomile chrysanthemums Sunny Day
- Stranger - attractive, medium-sized (40-45 cm tall), small-flowered variety. Simple single-row inflorescences are painted in a variegated, raspberry-white color. Reed petals, directed upwards. The diameter of a single flower is up to 6 cm.
Refinement and sophistication can be seen in each petal of chamomile chrysanthemums Stranger
- Artemon - a noble, solemn, medium-sized variety (bushes up to 60-70 cm high), with simple bright red inflorescences up to 6 cm in diameter. It is characterized by marginal petals of an unusual tubular-spoon-shaped shape.
Chamomile chrysanthemums Artemon - unforgettable, bright red lights of joy in the autumn beds
- Purple Haze - a popular Crimean medium-sized variety (bushes height up to 65 cm) with luxurious, simple, chamomile inflorescences of a light lilac color. Flowers can be up to 7 cm in diameter.
Thoughtful weightlessness of delicate petals of chamomile chrysanthemums Lilac fog mesmerizes the eye
- Golden hair - an early, bright yellow, semi-double variety of chamomile chrysanthemums, which is characterized by a very lush flowering. During the period of abundant flowering, leaves are completely invisible on the plant. The diameter of the inflorescences is 3.5 cm on average.
It is impossible to look away from the lush flowering of bright yellow bushes of medium-sized semi-double chamomile chrysanthemums.
- Yuri Bagatikov - semi-double, delightfully solemn, noble variety, which is distinguished by burgundy-red color of petals, contrasting yellow convex core.
Chamomile chrysanthemum variety Yuri Bagatikov - the personification of proud beauty and unbending strength
- Hebe - late, frost-resistant variety, with smoky pink petals of simple inflorescences, with a sandy yellow convex core.
Tenderness, enthusiasm, weightlessness - in the refined petals of the Hebe chamomile chrysanthemum
Planting and caring for chamomile chrysanthemums
Experts recommend propagating selective chamomile bush chrysanthemums at home by cuttings or by dividing the "adult" bush into parts. Stratified seeds can be used to divide annuals. Planting material (seeds, seedlings, cuttings, daughter bushes) should be taken out in early spring, after the establishment of stable warm weather.
Selection and preparation of the landing site
A site for planting chrysanthemums should be selected and prepared in advance. Plants should be planted in open ground on a hill, in a sufficiently illuminated place to prevent moisture stagnation.
Choose a cloudy day for disembarkation. The first few days after planting, the plants must be protected from direct sunlight.
Immediately before planting for cuttings, you need to prepare holes up to 45 cm deep at a distance of 30-60 cm from each other (depending on the variety).
Do not forget that chamomile chrysanthemums grow best and bloom profusely on loamy and sandy loam soils with a high content of nutrient organic substances.
Landing rules
Experts recommend planting chamomile chrysanthemum mainly in spring, but if necessary, this can be done at any warm season (summer, autumn). A layer of sand should be placed at the bottom of each well to drain. Further - vermicompost and fertile land. The prepared soil must be watered abundantly.
Cuttings or seedlings should be carefully placed in the recess and carefully cover the roots with earth.Tall plants require the installation of supports and tying. To make the rooting process more successful, you can fertilize the soil with a biostimulant ("Kornevin", other drugs). Chrysanthemum should be pinned 14-20 days after rooting.
Watering and feeding
Watering may vary depending on the season. When planting in the fall, watering should be done exclusively in dry weather. In summer and spring, excessive moisture should also be avoided.
In the middle of summer, during particularly hot and dry weather, chamomile chrysanthemums are watered at the root every other day. Irrigation should be carried out in the morning to prevent the soil from drying out during the day. During the period of active flowering, watering is reduced to 2 times a week.
In order to "obtain" abundant flowering after regular moistening, it is recommended to apply phosphorus and potash fertilizers.
Correct and painstaking care of chamomile chrysanthemums promotes growth, development and long-term flowering
Reproduction
Chrysanthemums with chamomile-shaped inflorescences reproduce by dividing the bush and grafting. The seed method is also possible, but it requires more experience.
Seed propagation
When using this method, at the end of February or at the beginning of March, seeds are sown in a special container and create a greenhouse effect (covered with glass or plastic wrap). At this time, plants need gentle, gentle watering. For these purposes, spraying from a spray bottle is used. The first shoots appear 14 days after sowing. After the formation of the first two main leaves, the plants are transplanted into separate containers (dive).
It should be noted that seed chrysanthemums grow very slowly, therefore they require constant care, feeding, additional lighting. Agricultural rules:
- placement of containers with sprouts on the windowsill;
- additional illumination with a UV lamp;
- moderate watering;
- top dressing with complex fertilizers 1 time in 2 weeks.
60 days after sowing the seeds, the plant can be transplanted into a greenhouse or onto the ground. In some southern regions, prepared seeds are sown directly into the ground after warming up the soil (in May).
Fragile sprouts of chamomile chrysanthemums grown from prepared seeds require special care
Propagation by cuttings
Cuttings are mainly carried out in the fall, during the seasonal pruning of plants. Healthy, strong shoots up to 7 cm long are placed in water. After the appearance of root shoots, the finished cuttings are planted in separate containers with soil and placed in a cool, shaded place, where they "hibernate" at temperatures up to + 7 С. In the spring, the plants are planted in the soil.
To propagate chamomile chrysanthemum by cuttings, you should choose early shoots, from which lush flowering plants will grow
Reproduction by dividing the bush
Two- or three-year-old chrysanthemums are dug up, the bushes are carefully divided into several parts. This must be done not only for plant propagation. For 2-3 years of active growth, the roots grow and "take" from the ground almost all reserves of nutrients. This negatively affects the quality and abundance of flowering.
The resulting "daughter" bushes are planted in separate, specially prepared holes, shaded in order to create favorable conditions for the engraftment of the root system in a new place.
Following simple rules, you can successfully propagate amazingly beautiful chamomile chrysanthemums at home.
Diseases and pests
Small chamomile chrysanthemums are susceptible to the negative effects of certain diseases and pests:
- White rust is characterized by the appearance of convex, light spots on the leaves, which after a certain period of time turn brown. To block the disease, the affected leaves are treated with antifungal remedies ("Abiga-Peak", copper oxychloride).
The fungus Puccinia horiana causes a disease that appears as light green or white spots up to 5 mm in diameter
- Powdery mildew is distinguished by the appearance of a white bloom on the bush. To "cure" the plant, you should regularly apply potash and phosphorus fertilizers, remove the lower infected leaves, treat with special preparations ("Topaz", "Chistotsvet", "Fitosporin-M").
Powdery mildew on chamomile chrysanthemum can cause the absence of a flowering phase of affected plants
- Stem rot is manifested by dark spots on the stem, which gradually transfer to the leaves. At the first signs of the disease, the plant can be treated with the preparations "Fongilan", "Baktofit". For prevention, it is worth taking care of high-quality soil drainage. If the disease completely affects the bush, it should be removed from the soil and burned so as not to infect other plants with rot.
Stem rot on chamomile chrysanthemums is a dangerous bacterial disease that most often manifests itself due to excessive soil moisture
- Nematodes can infect buds, flowers, leaves. To save the plants, the soil is disinfected with formalin, carbothion. The bush is dug up with roots and placed in a container with hot water at a temperature of up to 60 ° C for 5 minutes, after which it is transplanted to another place.
Nematoda (Aplielenchoides ritzemabosi Schwartz) - small, filamentous worms that cause pale yellow and brown spots on the leaves
- Spider mites settle on the underside of plants. To combat pests, the bushes are sprayed with soapy water or the means "Lightning", "Vertimek".
A small insect, up to 0.5 mm in size - a spider mite, can block the flowering phase of chamomile chrysanthemums
- Aphids affect all parts of chamomile chrysanthemums. Spraying with the preparations "Iskra", "Zubr", "Decis", "Akarin" is effective.
It is not always possible to get rid of aphids on chamomile chrysanthemum the first time, repeated processing of plants should be carried out after 4-6 days
Conclusion
Chamomile chrysanthemums are surprisingly beautiful, noble, unpretentious plants that can be quickly and easily grown at home: in indoor pots, greenhouses, outdoors. The Japanese associate the most tender feelings, love and devotion with these flowers, and in many world cultures they are associated with the image of the sun. Due to the presence of essential oils and valuable vitamins in the petals, extracts from the flowers of chrysanthemum chamomile are used to treat migraines, arthrosis, arthritis, alcoholism, and malaria.
