Content
When creating new varieties of cherries, great importance is attached to resistance to low temperatures and coccomycosis. Of course, the yield should be good, and the berries should correspond to their purpose - dessert ones should have a large size and good taste, technical ones - a high content of nutrients. One of the best universal varieties is Kharitonovskaya cherry.
Breeding history
Institute named after Michurin in 1992 applied for the registration of the Kharitonovskaya variety. In 1998, the cherry was adopted by the State Register. Its authors are E.N. Kharitonova and O.S. Zhukov. Cherry Kharitonovskaya was created by crossing Diamond with Zhukovskaya... The first variety originates from the base hybrid Padocerus-M, the second - duke (cherry-cherry).
Ivan Michurin was the first to cross these species. Modern Cerapaduses (the mother tree is cherry) and Padoceruses are very different from the first varieties. They are characterized by good taste, increased resistance to coccomycosis. All hybrids, regardless of the parent species, are referred to as cherries. The Kharitonovskaya variety is considered one of the most successful.
Description of culture
The height of the Kharitonovskaya cherry tree reaches 2.5-3 m. Straight brown-brown, medium leafy branches form a thin spherical crown. Large, smooth leaves with a sharp tip and a rounded base are colored dark green. The leaf blade is straight, with medium-sized stipules, serrated edge.
The flowers of the Kharitonovskaya cherry are white, large. The berries are large, one-dimensional, each weighing about 5 g. The color of round fruits is dark red, when fully ripe, it is almost black. The pulp of Kharitonovskaya is orange, the juice is coral in color. The taste of cherry berries of this variety is estimated at 4.7 points, sweet and sour. The fruits are firmly attached to the stalk, but come off easily and cleanly. The stone is large, oval, easily separated from the pulp.
Kharitonovskaya is recommended by the State Register for cultivation in the Central Black Earth Region. It is often used as a rootstock for other cherries.
Brief characteristic of the variety
Cherry Kharitonovskaya is an excellent variety for the southern and central regions. It can be grown in hobby gardens and farms.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The Kharitonovskaya variety is drought-resistant. This does not mean that in hot summer the variety does not need moisture at all - watering is carried out 1-2 times a month. Kharitonovskaya's frost resistance is estimated as average; it is unsuitable for growing in cold climates.
Pollination, flowering period, ripening time
Kharitonovskaya cherries ripening period is average. It blooms in late spring, the ovaries are formed on bouquet twigs or last year's shoots. The variety is partly self-fertile. This means that without pollinators, 5 to 20% of the flowers turn into berries. To get a good harvest, you need to plant Vladimirskaya or Zhukovskaya varieties nearby. The first berries ripen in mid-July.
Productivity, fruiting
The first harvest of Kharitonovskaya cherries is carried out 5 years after planting - it does not belong to early-growing ones. But then the variety gives off the berries annually.
With good agricultural technology, the yield of Kharitonovskaya cherry is 15-20 kg per tree. After ripening, the berries do not crumble from the tree, but they are separated from the stalk cleanly and easily. Kharitonovskaya's transportability is average.
Scope of berries
Despite the fact that not everyone likes the light aroma of bird cherry, reviews about the taste of Kharitonovskaya cherry are high. Its purpose is universal - berries are eaten fresh, juices, preparations for the winter, and wines are made from them.
Disease and pest resistance
The Kharitonovskaya variety is highly resistant to coccomycosis. This makes it attractive for growing in areas where cherry trees are severely affected by the disease. Pest infestation is average.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Kharitonovskaya variety is a hybrid in which the genes of cherry, sweet cherry, bird cherry are successfully combined. He took the best qualities from these species and possesses:
- High resistance to coccomycosis.
- Partial self-fertility.
- Large berries.
- Stability of fruiting.
- High yield.
- The compact size of the tree.
- Good berry flavor.
- The crop does not crumble after ripening, but it separates from the stalk with a dry separation.
- The versatility of the use of berries.
- Drought resistance.
Among the disadvantages, it should be noted:
- Average frost resistance.
- A large bone.
- Average transportability of fruits.
Landing features
In the Central Black Earth Region, reviews of summer residents about Kharitonovskaya cherry characterize it as an undemanding culture to care for. The main thing is to choose the right place and plant a tree.
Recommended timing and selection of a suitable location
The place where you can plant Kharitonovskaya cherry must be sunny, groundwater should not approach the surface closer than 2 meters. The tree can be planted on the south side of the fence or on the western slope with an angle of inclination no more than 15⁰ (ideally 8⁰).
The optimum soil is light loam with a neutral reaction. You can improve the soil by introducing humus, sand, lime, fertilizers.
In the southern regions, Kharitonovskaya can be planted in the fall, after leaf fall. In the north of the region, cherries are placed on the site in early spring. Excavation work must be completed before bud break. Therefore, it makes sense to dig a tree bought in the fall until spring, dig a planting hole, and as soon as the snow melts, move it to a permanent place.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Any variety of cherries should be planted near pollinators. For Kharitonovskaya, Zhukovskaya and Vladimirskaya will be good "neighbors". You can place the seedling not far from other stone fruit crops. The main thing is that the trees do not shade each other, and the crowns are well ventilated.
It is impossible to plant shrubs with a strong, rapidly spreading root system next to a cherry. Raspberries, sea buckthorn, blackberries will quickly "master" the site. Their roots will compete with cherry trees for water and nutrition. Maple, linden, birch, oak emit substances that inhibit the development of the fruit tree. Solanaceous crops - tomato, eggplant, potatoes, themselves will suffer from a lack of light in the shade of cherries. In addition, they will "share" their sores with the latter.
The root of an adult cherry can be covered from overheating or to preserve moisture by plants assimilating only the top layer of the soil - tenacious, hoofed, periwinkle, budra.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Cherries need to be bought from trusted growers who grow planting material in your region or a little further north. Southern trees do not take root well in areas whose climate is noticeably cooler than their homeland.
When choosing seedlings, you need to pay attention:
- To the root system.It should be well developed and intact.
- To the height of the seedlings. The normal growth of a one-year-old is about 80 cm, a two-year-old is 110 cm.
- The color of the bark. A greenish color indicates that a lot of nitrogen has been used in the cultivation of the cherry. This means that the seedling will almost certainly die in the first winter.
Landing algorithm
Before planting, the cherry root is soaked for at least 3 hours. It is good if root or heteroauxin is added to the water. Landing is carried out in the following sequence:
- The pit is prepared so that the root of the seedling can be freely accommodated in it. Standard sizes - depth from 40 to 60 cm, diameter about 80 cm.
- A bucket of humus is added to the top layer of soil removed during the preparation of the pit, starting fertilizers - 50 g of phosphorus and potassium each. If the soil suffers from excess clay, sand is added. Acid is improved with lime.
- Near the center of the pit, a sturdy cherry-tie peg is driven in.
- The seedling is installed in the center and gradually covered with fertile soil, ramming it with a shovel handle so as not to damage the root. The neck should rise 5-7 cm above the surface.
- A roller is formed from the remaining earth, the seedling is watered with 2-3 buckets of water.
- When the moisture is absorbed, the trunk circle is mulched.
Follow-up care of the culture
Regular watering, which does not allow the soil to dry out, is needed in the first growing season. Subsequently, the cherries are watered only if there is no rain for a long time. In the fall, be sure to do moisture charging, which allows the tree to winter safely.
Cherries can be fertilized with mineral dressings, given that a lot of nitrogen and potassium is needed, and little phosphorus. The culture responds well to manure. Instead of a mineral complex, you can mulch the near-trunk circle with cattle waste products by adding a can of ash. These organic fertilizers contain just a large amount of nitrogen with potassium, while there is little phosphorus, but enough for cherries.
To obtain a good harvest, the crop needs not only sanitary, but also formative pruning. They need to be carried out from the first years of life. They will not only make it possible to form a crown convenient for harvesting, but also improve the quality of berries, reduce the susceptibility to pathogens of fungal diseases.
The Kharitonovskaya variety grows in areas where there is no need to cover the tree for the winter. To protect against hares, the stem is wrapped in burlap or other material.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
The characteristic of Kharitonovskaya cherry as a variety resistant to coccomycosis does not allow one to do without preventive treatments.
Disease | External signs | Processing | Prophylaxis |
Coccomycosis | Dark spots appear on the top of the leaf, and a grayish-brown bloom on the bottom. Then the diseased part falls out. By the middle of summer, the whole leaf falls off | When the buds open, the cherries are treated with copper oxychloride, after leaf fall, they are sprayed with iron vitriol | Fallen leaves are removed from the site, sanitary and formative pruning is regularly carried out |
Moniliosis | Cherries appear to have been damaged by fire. Whole branches dry out, starting with flowers and young leaves | The affected branches are cut out, capturing part of the healthy tissue. The tree is treated with preparations containing copper | |
Rust | Fluffy red spots appear on the top of the leaf plate | Copper treatment |
Of the pests, the tree is affected by aphids, cherry sawer. Their invasion will stop spraying with the appropriate insecticides.
The Kharitonovskaya variety is a promising cherry for cultivation in warm and temperate climates. She has large tasty berries for universal use, rarely gets coccomycosis.
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