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Planting Jerusalem artichoke in autumn is preferable than in spring. The culture is frost-resistant, the tubers are well preserved in the soil at -40 0C, will give strong, healthy shoots in the spring. Planting material is more viable in autumn, the plant does not need to spend nutrients for the formation of stems.
When to plant Jerusalem artichoke: fall or spring
In a zone with a cold climate, spring work is hampered by late thawing of the soil. For the fruits to reach biological ripeness, Jerusalem artichoke (earthen pear) needs 4 months for the growing season. Delayed planting will shift the maturation period. By the onset of frost, Jerusalem artichoke will not have time to fully form the tubers. If a plant is planted in the ground in the spring, then it will give a full harvest only after a year.
In temperate climates, it is recommended to plant Jerusalem artichoke before winter. Freezing the root crop will not harm, as soon as the soil warms up, the plant enters an active growth phase. Autumn planting is better because the planting material placed in the soil will take root before the onset of cold weather, the root system will go deep, and there will be no need for constant watering, like in spring.
Spring work is complicated by recurrent frosts, in the ground Jerusalem artichoke feels comfortable at low temperatures, and young growth is enough -4 0C to kill her. It is difficult to determine the timing of early planting, the culture itself controls the growing season in accordance with a favorable temperature regime.
Freezing of the soil prevents mice from making passes and destroying tubers. Moles and other small pests go into hibernation.
How to plant Jerusalem artichoke in the fall
Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant, reaching a height of 3.5 m, this factor is taken into account when planting an earthen pear in the fall on the site. So that the seedling feels comfortable, has time to take root before the frost, they are determined with terms in accordance with the characteristics of the regional climate. Choose high-quality planting material.
Recommended timing
You can plant Jerusalem artichoke before winter 2 weeks before the onset of frost. If the root crop was planted on the site, and winter came earlier than the expected time, there is nothing wrong with that. Subject to the technology of planting Jerusalem artichoke, it will remain viable until spring. In Central Russia, work is carried out at the end of September, plus or minus 10 days.
Site selection and soil preparation
To plant Jerusalem artichoke, you must choose an area in the open sun. The shade slows down the ripening of the vegetable. You can plant a plant near a hedge, which will be a protection from the north wind, this function will also be performed by the building wall on the south side.
It is recommended to plant Jerusalem artichoke around the perimeter of the site, the plant will act as a hedge.
The culture grows on all types of soil, but for a good harvest, the soil is chosen light, loose, drained. Jerusalem artichoke will not grow in an area with close groundwater. The composition is preferably slightly acidic. Alkaline or saline soil requires correction.Before planting at the end of summer, ferrous sulfate is added to the soil, it raises the acid level.
The plot is prepared 5 days before the autumn planting of Jerusalem artichoke. They dig up the bed, harrow, you can use a rake. Compost or peat is introduced with the addition of potassium salts and superphosphate. 1 m2 you will need 15 kg of organic matter, 20 g of fertilizers.
How deep to plant Jerusalem artichoke in the fall
Jerusalem artichoke is planted in autumn in several ways. You can plant tubers in a trench on a pre-prepared ridge. Here the depth will be at least 15 cm.If the hole is located on a flat surface, the depth should be within 20 cm.The dimensions are indicated for cold regions, in the south there are enough depressions of 12 cm.
Tuber preparation
The choice of planting material for autumn work is approached more carefully than for spring planting. The tubers will remain for the winter, and how they overwinter depends on their quality. Jerusalem artichoke seed requirement:
- The size of the root crops is no more than a chicken egg.
- The surface of the tubers selected for planting should be as flat as possible.
- There should be no spots, cuts, or signs of decay on the surface.
- The structure of the planting material should be tough, elastic, sluggish tubers are not suitable for planting in autumn.
Then the roots are dipped in a preparation that stimulates the growth of "Immunocytofit" for several minutes.
How to plant Jerusalem artichoke in the fall
The root system of Jerusalem artichoke is widely branched; when planting, the height of the stems and the width of the bush are also taken into account. Culture is uncomfortable in cramped conditions. When distributing on a bed, measure 40 cm from the first hole to the second, then plant it according to this scheme. The rows are filled at intervals of 90 cm. One root vegetable is placed in each hole. For an illustrative example, the video shows the planting of Jerusalem artichoke in the fall.
Jerusalem artichoke care in the fall after planting
The culture does not belong to the whimsical, therefore, after planting in the fall, it grows without much care. When creating favorable conditions, problems with culture do not arise. Caring for Jerusalem artichoke in the fall becomes more difficult if the autumn is long and warm, and the plant has sprouted young.
Watering schedule
The crop responds well to moderate watering. Drought easily tolerates in summer. But before wintering, the intake of moisture increases. Water in the morning every 5 days before the onset of frost. Moisture-charging watering will help the root to deepen. If Jerusalem artichoke has not sprouted and is at rest, water the garden with the same frequency, at least 10 liters per hole, the water should be cold.
Soil loosening and hilling
Loosening is a mandatory procedure after an autumn planting. Every day for 2-3 weeks, the beds are loosened. These manipulations give oxygen access to the root, and destroy weeds... Loosening involves thinning the planting. If the growth is dense, leave a distance of 35 cm, the remaining shoots are removed. Densely planted Jerusalem artichoke is prone to degeneration.
If the plant was planted on a hill in the ridge, it is constantly trimmed and sprinkled. In case of germination of Jerusalem artichoke after the autumn planting, the soil is poured up to the upper leaves.
If the planting was carried out on flat terrain, the procedures for loosening the soil are supplemented by hilling a young plant. It is covered with soil to the top. In 50% of young shoots, it is possible to survive until spring. Those sprouts that are frozen are quickly restored. The main task in autumn planting care is to preserve the tubers.
Do I need to feed
When laying the beds, complex fertilizers are applied, which should be enough until spring. Before frost, it is recommended to add products containing nitrogen. Wood ash is scattered on top of the garden bed. A week before the cessation of watering, an infusion of fermented freshly cut grass with bird droppings is introduced (1:10).
Do i need to cut Jerusalem artichoke for the winter
Jerusalem artichoke gives a large mass of shoots and leaves.To speed up the ripening process of the root crop, pruning is carried out closer to autumn, around the beginning of September. Early pruning of the stem is undesirable. Vegetables in the soil will not have time to accumulate a sufficient amount of nutrients and gain the necessary mass.
In the spring, the growing season of Jerusalem artichoke is aimed at the formation of green mass, the fruits will not be large and will lose in taste. By the fall, the bush begins to wither - this is an indicator of the ripening of the vegetable. By winter, the tops dries up completely, since the plant no longer needs it. Cut the stems 15 cm above ground level, in the spring it will be easy to determine where the bush is.
Preparing for winter
In regions with warm climates, preparation for winter consists in cutting off the stems. The plant is not covered for the winter. Tubers are well preserved and do not lose their chemical composition at a temperature of -40 0C. In temperate climates, Jerusalem artichoke is covered with a layer (at least 15 cm) of leaves, peat, sawdust or chopped bark. It is recommended to spud the plant before mulching. In winter, snow is thrown over the culture.
How to propagate Jerusalem artichoke in late autumn
In addition to tuber propagation, the following method is used for cultivating a culture:
- In autumn, when harvesting, large vegetables are sent for storage.
- Medium-sized root vegetables are planted in the garden bed.
- A few egg-sized pieces are left in the hole.
- Small ones are completely removed.
The next year Jerusalem artichoke will yield a harvest in a new and old place.
In the fall, you can propagate the culture by dividing the bush (when thinning dense plantings).
Algorithm of actions:
- Water the bush abundantly.
- Choose an area of thickets with well-developed central stems.
- They are dug in from all sides.
- Extracted from the soil with a root ball.
- Cut off excess roots and shoots.
- Divide the bush into several parts.
- Transferred to another place.
After planting, the stems are cut, the plant is spud.
Conclusion
Planting Jerusalem artichoke in the fall will save time for harvesting. Next year, the plant will form a sufficient number of large fruits. Tubers planted in autumn retain their germination well, there is no threat of damage by small rodents.
