Content
It is easier to grow Jerusalem artichoke on the site than to get a crop of potatoes. The culture adapts well to the ground. Tubers are able to overwinter in the ground, and the next year to bring a harvest. The technology of growing earthen pear has a lot in common with the cultivation of potatoes. Planting tubers is most often carried out in the spring.
Choosing the right variety
There are about 300 varieties of Jerusalem artichoke. The culture is grown in many countries. The following varieties are popular among domestic farmers and private gardeners:
- "Interest" belongs to the late variety. Jerusalem artichoke has gained popularity for its smooth-surfaced white tubers. The eyes are small, which makes it easier to clean the root crop. The yield reaches 3.8 kg / m2... The tubers fully mature only in the south. Harvesting time for earthen pears is approximately mid-November.
- "Omsk White" considered a new variety. In terms of ripening, the culture is mid-season. One earthen bush brings up to 23 round tubers weighing about 50 g. The yield reaches 4.3 kg / m2... The ripening of the crop is friendly. The stems grow up to 2.3 m in height.
- «Pasko»Similarly can be considered a new variety. Registration in the State Register was carried out in 2010. The culture is considered late maturing. The bush is medium-sized. The height of the stems is about 1.5 m.The white-colored tubers grow medium-sized, weighing about 50 g, large ones weighing up to 80 g. The yield reaches 3 kg / m2.
- «Skorospelka"Known to domestic gardeners in the post-Soviet space. The registration of culture was carried out back in 1965. The harvest of an early variety ripens in 120 days. Harvesting time for earthen pears is the end of September. Productivity reaches 3 kg / m2.
- «Solar"Is a high-yielding variety. From 1 m2 up to 4 kg of oval tubers are harvested. The crop ripens in 170 days. Bushes grow tall. The length of the stems is up to 3 m.The mass of tubers is from 40 to 60 g.
In addition to the listed popular varieties, domestic farmers and gardeners grow many other varieties of Jerusalem artichoke.
How Jerusalem artichoke reproduces
Perennial Jerusalem artichoke reproduces similarly to potatoes - tubers. They are planted whole, cut into pieces or use eyes. The earthen pear takes root quickly. Sometimes the culture is even difficult to remove from the garden.
How to plant Jerusalem artichoke
Observing the rules for planting Jerusalem artichoke and care, planting timing, it will be possible to grow a good harvest even on the balcony. However, most often the earthen pear is planted in the garden like a regular potato.
When to plant Jerusalem artichoke
In order not to be mistaken with the timing, it is better to plant Jerusalem artichoke in spring at about the same time as potatoes. For different regions, this period falls from April to May. Jerusalem artichoke tubers will give good shoots if the soil is warmed up to a temperature of + 7 aboutC. It is impossible to delay planting even with early varieties. Jerusalem artichoke takes time before the onset of cold weather for the full formation of the crop.
Site selection and preparation of beds
Jerusalem artichoke grows on any soil.Nutrient soils, sunny areas are preferred. Earthen pear does not grow on marshy, acidic soil and salt marshes. When growing Jerusalem artichoke in the country, sandy loam and loam are considered excellent soil. The soil must be fertilized, moisture is maintained. From fertilizers, before planting Jerusalem artichoke, humus, phosphorus and potassium are scattered on the ground, after which digging is carried out.
A place on the site for Jerusalem artichoke is usually allocated at the end of the garden or a separate bed is set up. Among garden crops, the earthen pear is not grown. Jerusalem artichoke absorbs large amounts of nutrients and moisture from the ground. Neighboring plants are oppressed and produce poor harvests. Another problem is the rapid engraftment of tubers. During the harvesting of the earthen pear, small roots remain in the ground, sometimes even parts cut by a shovel. With plowing, the tubers stretch around the garden, and in the spring they quickly germinate and become weeds... It is very difficult to withdraw them without using Roundup.
If a decision is made to allocate space for planting an earthen pear in the garden, then the culture can be grown in the place of potatoes, cucumbers, legumes or cabbage. Jerusalem artichoke takes root perfectly after green manure or grain crops. You cannot plant an earthen pear in an area where sunflower or carrots grew. Do not have crop beds near low-growing garden plants. Tall dense bushes of Jerusalem artichoke create a large shadow, complicate the airing of the site.
In the country, large containers can be used for planting earthen pears. They are placed around the yard in a convenient place. In addition, Jerusalem artichoke blooms with beautiful yellow inflorescences. In addition to the harvest of useful tubers, the owner additionally receives a flower garden.
How to plant Jerusalem artichoke in spring
There are two options for planting tubers in the spring in open ground:
- Furrows are cut in the southern regions. Earthen pear tubers are laid out in grooves, covered with soil.
- If the region is characterized by a cold climate, lingering rains, the tubers are planted in ridges. The option is still acceptable for warm regions, where groundwater is high on the site.
On the bed, the row spacing is left 60-80 cm. In the groove, the tubers of the earthen pear are laid out in increments of 60-70 cm. The planting scheme depends on the varietal characteristics of the culture.
How deep to plant Jerusalem artichoke
In spring, it makes no sense to bury the tubers of an earthen pear deeply. They need to germinate faster. It will be enough to deepen the planting material by 6-12 cm.
How to grow Jerusalem artichoke outdoors
The process of planting Jerusalem artichoke in the open field and caring for the plantings is simple. The culture is unpretentious, requires minimal labor costs.
Watering schedule
An earthen pear is watered only in dry summers. Each bush requires about 15 liters of water. If the summer is cloudy with occasional rains, you don't have to worry about watering Jerusalem artichoke. The plant has enough natural moisture, and excess watering will only provoke rot of the tubers.
Do I need to feed
As for fertilizers, the agricultural technology for growing Jerusalem artichoke provides for feeding. On nutrient soils, you can do without them. Enough of the minerals and organics introduced before planting in the spring. However, for a better yield of earthen pears, nitrogen and potassium are introduced at the initial stage during soil loosening to accelerate growth. When buds appear on the stems, the bushes are poured with liquid organic matter or mineral complexes dissolved in water. In July, you can add an infusion of green manure or seaweed to the bushes once.
Garter
For some varieties of earthen pear, tall stems up to 3 m are inherent.From strong gusts of wind, the bushes break, spread out in the garden. When the stems of a tall variety of earthen pears stretch above 1 m, they are tied to a support. Ordinary stakes are suitable or simple trellises are installed. If Jerusalem artichoke bushes grow near the picket fence, they are tied to the planks with a rope.
Pruning bushes
According to the rules of agricultural technology, Jerusalem artichoke cultivation and care requires pruning. Many gardeners ignore the procedure. There is nothing wrong, but the yield will decrease. The powerful green mass of the plant absorbs many nutrients. At the end of July, it is advisable to prune the bushes. The flowers that appear decorate the site, but they also affect the yield. It is better to pick off the inflorescences. Pruning helps redirect nutrients from the Jerusalem artichoke green mass to root crop development.
How to grow Jerusalem artichoke at home
To grow Jerusalem artichoke in the country, you first need to properly prepare the planting material. The process consists of three steps:
- Ripe tubers are selected for planting. It is advisable to take large roots with a large number of intact eyes. High-quality tubers are guaranteed to sprout and bring a rich harvest.
- Sluggish tubers are subject to resuscitation if they are in good condition and will go for planting. Root vegetables are immersed in a bucket of warm water for 10 minutes, covered with a damp cloth on top.
- Treatment of tubers before planting with drugs to strengthen the immune system will protect the crop from diseases. Root crops will germinate faster, development will accelerate.
After preparation, the tubers are planted in the garden or in containers. In both cases, the care is the same. Only the frequency of watering differs. In containers, the soil dries out faster. Watering is carried out as needed.
The video shows more about growing Jerusalem artichoke:
Diseases and pests of Jerusalem artichoke
At first glance, it seems that nothing can damage an earthen pear. However, rarely, such a resilient culture is endangered.
Of the diseases, the plant will harm:
- Sclerotinosis is better known as white rot. Infestation is determined by white mold. It is formed on the stems, and the infection spreads from the ground. Over time, black growths appear under the mold. The diseased plant disappears and infects nearby bushes. It must be removed immediately and thrown into the fire. Sclerotinosis is formed in damp summer due to high humidity and temperature changes.
- Alternaria destroys the green mass of Jerusalem artichoke. The disease is common, and it is determined by a change in the color of the leaf plates. They turn brown with yellow patches. Sometimes a yellow border is formed along the edge of the leaf. The leaves gradually dry out along with the petioles, fall off or remain hanging on the stem. The method of control is spraying plantings with fungicides. At the time of processing, warm, calm weather with an air temperature above +18 should be outside.aboutC. It is advisable to repeat the procedure after 10 days.
- Powdery mildew forms on the top of the leaf blade. A symptom of the disease is a white coating with a loose structure. As development continues, the plaque becomes brown. The sheet plate becomes brittle, crumbles like glass. The peak of the onset of the disease is the period when changes in temperature and humidity are observed. Large accumulation of nitrogen is negatively affected. Fungicides are optimal for treatment. Bushes are sprayed with drugs.
Of the pests of the earthen pear, individuals living in the ground are dangerous. Bears, slugs, other beetles destroy tubers. If there is an annual danger on the site, the drug Diazonon or Foksim is introduced into the ground before planting.
Conclusion
To grow Jerusalem artichoke on the site is within the power of any summer resident who does not have much experience. Under any circumstances, there will be a harvest in the fall. With the acquisition of skills, you can experiment with varieties, increase yields.
