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Bell pepper belongs to the thermophilic crops of the nightshade family. Its fruit is considered a false berry, hollow and containing many seeds. Bulgarian or, as it is also called, Bell pepper came to Russia from Latin America. There, this culture is considered perennial, but in the local climate, where summers are short and cool, peppers grow only for one season.
For summer residents and gardeners on the eve of the new season, the question of choice is relevant varieties of pepper landing. What varieties of peppers to choose, how to grow this vegetable correctly - all this can be learned from this article.
What is the difference between varieties
All varieties of bell peppers are self-pollinated. In order for the ovaries to appear, insects or human help are not needed - the flowers are pollinated without assistance.
Bell peppers differ in several wayssuch as:
- The shape and size of fruits - there are round vegetables, oblong, very large and small.
- The shade of the vegetable - there are fruits of green, red, white, purple, yellow colors.
- Ripening period - early, medium and late-ripening fruits.
- Varieties and hybrids.
- The growing season is the time it takes for mature vegetables to grow from seeds.
When choosing varieties of peppers for a plot, it is necessary to take into account all these qualities - this is the only way the harvest will delight the owner.
How pepper is grown
Regardless of the variety, the way these vegetables are grown is virtually the same. Bulgarian pepper, above all, loves warmth... In the southern regions, these vegetables can be grown directly on the beds, but for the North of the country it is better to choose cold-resistant hybrid varieties or plant the plants in a greenhouse.
In the climate of Russia, sweet peppers need to be planted in seedlings. The growing season for this plant is quite long - about 100 days. To somehow shorten this time, seedlings begin to prepare at the beginning of February.
The selected variety of pepper must be prepared for planting, for this:
- In the fall, they choose a suitable site - a sunny place protected from the wind. The soil should be loose and fertile, with a neutral level of acidity.
- The soil is fertilized with mullein or bird droppings, you can buy ready-made ammonia fertilizer. Fertilizers are scattered in the fall before digging up the site. But you can do this in the spring, a couple of weeks before planting seedlings.
- Pepper seeds planted according to the scheme 6x6 cm in a common box. Kept under a film until the first shoots appear. The air temperature for the normal development of seedlings should be within 24-27 degrees.
- When the first leaves appear, the seedlings are dived into disposable cups, in each of which one plant is planted.
- Seedlings with 7-8 true leaves can be planted in the ground. The air temperature should be at 20 degrees.
- A distance of 30-40 cm is left between the rows, the same gaps are left between the seedlings in the same row.
Peppers need regular and abundant watering.if the plants do not have enough moisture, they will remain low, and the fruits will be dwarf and underdeveloped.
Bell pepper bears fruit for a long time - more and more inflorescences appear on the bushes.In early August, the tops of the bushes need to be pinched, and all flowers must be cut off. Of these, a normal vegetable will no longer have time to ripen, but late ovaries can harm the growing peppers.
Bell peppers are plucked slightly greenish, it gains maturity during storage. With this approach, you can significantly increase yields.
The best varieties of bell peppers
If you read the reviews of gardeners and summer residents from different regions of the country, you can understand that each of them has their own favorite variety. Moreover, every year new varieties appear, and 2021 will not be an exception.
The choice of variety should be based not only on the preferences of the owner, but also on the characteristics of the site. Peppers need a suitable soil composition, regular watering and careful maintenance - this vegetable does not grow by itself, it needs to be well taken care of.
The next step in choosing a pepper variety is how it is grown: in the open field or in a greenhouse. For open ground, especially in the northern regions, only early varieties of bell peppers are suitable. Medium and late-ripening peppers simply do not have time to ripen in a short summer period.
For the south and center of the country, varieties with any ripening rate are suitable, but for the North it is better to choose early ripe peppers.
"Big Mama"
Bulgarian pepper "Big Mom»Is appreciated for its taste - its pulp is very aromatic and juicy. The fruits can be used for salads, any other dishes and canning.
Bushes grow tall - up to 100 cm, and spreading. On the branches there are many ovaries with large fruits weighing up to 200 grams. The fruit is about 13 cm thick and is a fleshy variety.
Ripe fruits are colored deep orange. The first vegetables can be enjoyed on the 120th day after planting seeds for seedlings. You can grow a vegetable both in the open field and in a greenhouse.
"Bogatyr"
One of the mid-season varieties is Bogatyr. The first fruits appear on the bushes on the 120th day after sowing the seeds. The bushes are quite spreading and vigorous - up to 0.6 meters in height.
Young fruits are green in color, have a slightly bumpy surface and a prismatic shape. By the time of the onset of technical maturity, the peel changes its color to bright red. The wall thickness of the fruit is 5.5 mm.
Bulgarian pepper "Bogatyr" possesses excellent taste, it is used for the preparation of hot and cold dishes, as well as for canning.
You can grow this variety both in the greenhouse and in the garden. From one square meter of soil, you can get up to 7 kg of large fruits, weighing about 180 grams. The culture is resistant to most diseases typical of peppers.
"Swallow"
Mid-early variety "Swallow»Bears fruit on the 110th day after planting in the ground. Pepper is suitable for growing in any way: in a greenhouse, greenhouse or garden bed.
In order to harvest a bountiful harvest, it is necessary to break off the upper branches before the first branch. This shape ensures the appearance of many ovaries on the lateral branches. The height of the bushes reaches 0.6 meters.
The fruits are smooth, cone-shaped and lettuce-colored. You can pick vegetables when their peel becomes scarlet, and the wall thickness reaches 5 mm. The ripe fruit weight of this variety will be 90 grams.
With proper care and formation of the bush, the yield of the variety is quite high, the fruits have good taste.
Atlant
One of the earliest varieties ripening on the 110th day is “Atlant". The bushes of this plant are small, but spreading, the leaves are also small. But the fruits grow large - weighing up to 170 grams.
The maturity of vegetables can be determined by the bright green color of the peel. Plucked vegetables are stored for a long time and tolerate transportation well; peppers turn red during the ripening process.
Inside, the fruit is divided into three chambers with seeds, the pulp is quite juicy - the walls are 6 mm thick. With proper care from a square meter of land planted with this variety, you can get up to 5 kg of vegetables.
"Belozerka"
Bulgarian pepper "Belozerka" considered one of the most common in the garden plots of Russia. This is due to the high yield - with proper care, up to 8 kg of excellent vegetables can be removed from a meter of soil.
The fruits ripen on the 112th day after sowing the seeds, which makes it possible to classify "Belozerka" as an early variety. Their shape is conical, with a pointed tip. The peel is slightly ribbed, it can have several shades - from beige to red.
The wall thickness of the fruit reaches 7.5 mm, and the weight of one vegetable is 130 grams. The fruits ripen together and are distinguished by excellent taste. Peppers of this variety can be eaten raw, canned or pickled.
Compact bushes are resistant to most diseases of nightshade crops. The peppers can be grown outdoors and yield up to 8 km². Vegetables are well stored and transported.
"Big Daddy"
The super early sweet hybrid "Big Papa" yields its first fruits already on the 92nd day after planting the seeds in the soil. The culture can be grown both in the open field and under a temporary shelter. Bushes grow small, have many leaves and flowers.
Peppers can be plucked from bushes when their shade becomes purple... During storage, the fruits ripen, they acquire a dark brown color. The shape of the fruit is conical, the weight reaches 150 grams, and the wall thickness is 8 mm.
Therefore, Big Papa peppers are very juicy and appetizing. They yield up to 9 kg and tolerate transportation well.
"California miracle"
Another early ripening variety - "California miracle»Gives the first fruits on the 120th day after planting the seeds. The bushes grow quite high, reaching 100 cm. They can be grown both under the film and in the open field.
The fruits are cube-shaped, ribbed walls with 8 millimeters of pulp. You can pick the fruits when their shade turns bright green, after ripening, the color changes to red.
The yield of the variety is 3 kg per meter of land. Vegetables are suitable for fresh consumption and canning.
"Orange miracle"
Highly fruitful and an early ripe variety - "Orange miracle". The peppers ripen 110 days after planting. It is better to grow them in the southern regions of Russia, or use temporary shelters, greenhouses.
The fruits are distinguished by a bright orange peel, their shape is cubic. The mass of one pepper can reach 250 grams. Vegetables are not only large, but also very juicy, because their walls are 10 mm thick.
Bushes grow tall, reaching 1 meter. The plant is resistant to tobacco mosaic virus and several other diseases. Peppers can be eaten raw or used for storage, canning.
With proper care, up to 14 kg of vegetables can be removed from one meter of the garden.
"Gogoshary"
One of the most popular varieties, it belongs to the mid-season - the first fruits can be harvested on the 120th day after planting. The bushes grow small and low - up to 50 cm. The peppers themselves are also small - up to 10 cm in diameter, have a round shape and green color. When ripe, the peel of the peppers turns bright red.
The mass of one fruit is 50-80 grams, the pulp is quite juicy, the wall thickness is 5 mm.
Grow bulgarian pepper of the "Gogoshary" variety can be both in the shelter and in the garden. The plant is resistant to diseases, has a good yield - up to 5 kg of vegetables come out from each meter of land.
"Gladiator"
The variety is best grown in areas protected from the wind - it has sprawling bushes reaching 80 cm in height. The plant is resistant to diseases characteristic of peppers, gives high yields - up to 5 kg.
It is better to grow the pepper variety in the open field, but you can also under temporary shelters.
Peppers grow quite large, their weight is about 250 grams. Peel color - yellow, shape - prismatic, surface - glossy.
The thickness of the fruit walls is 6 mm - the peppers are very juicy and have a sweetish taste, a special aroma. Fruits contain a lot of vitamin C and other beneficial trace elements, so they are best eaten raw.But you can canned, and salt, and stew.
The first vegetables will appear in the garden no earlier than 110 days after sowing the seeds. Mature peppers tolerate transportation well and can be stored for a long time.
"Gift of Moldova"
One of the most favorite varieties of bell pepper, most often used by domestic summer residents and gardeners.
This pepper was loved for its excellent taste and high yield. The crop is suitable for greenhouse and outdoor cultivation. It is able to adapt to the climatic conditions of the region, but it bears fruit best in the south.
The first fruits appear only on the 130th day after planting, but they ripen together. This allows the variety to be used for industrial cultivation, when vegetables are harvested not by hand, but with special equipment.
Pepper bushes are low - only 45 cm, rather spreading. The peppers themselves are small - weighing up to 90 grams, but have a thick flesh and a pleasant taste.
Grow "Gift from Moldova»Is possible not only in the fields, but also in greenhouses and garden beds.
What types and varieties to plant in the spring of 2021
Using the example of the varieties of peppers with photos and the description shows how these cultures differ, what their advantages are. Knowing the strengths and weaknesses, it is easy to choose the varieties of pepper that are most suitable for a particular case.
It is important to remember that a vegetable should not only be beautiful and fruitful, but also tasty.... It contains a lot of vitamins and microelements necessary for the body; pepper should be eaten both raw and cooked.
