Content
From a huge variety of grape varieties, each gardener strives to choose the one that best suits his requirements. Often it turns out to be a variety or hybrid form of amateur selection. These include Vanyusha grapes, a description of the variety and a photo of which are presented below.
Description
Table grapes with the affectionate name Vanyusha are the creation of the national breeder Krainov V.N.This is a hybrid form with a light color of berries, the result of crossing two time-tested varieties Talisman and radiant Kishmish. The grapes ripen early, in the southern regions of Russia the first harvest is ready for harvesting in the first decade of August, it is possible to harvest grapes in large quantities in 2-3 decades of the month. In the Middle Lane, its bunches ripen later, so in these regions it is considered medium early or medium.
Description of the Vanyusha grape variety and his photo:
- the bush stands out for its powerful and rapid growth;
- leaves of large size, carved, intense green color with lighter veins;
- flowers are bisexual, grapes bloom in 1-2 ten days of June;
- clusters are large, elongated, broadly conical, each weighing 0.9-1.5 kg (maximum 2 kg);
- medium-dense or slightly loose brush;
- berries of large size, oval-round, weighing 12-18 g;
- the skin is medium-dense, its color is delicate yellow-green, with full ripening of the berries - the same amber-yellow with a pinkish tint;
- on the same bunch, berries can vary in size and taste;
- the pulp is medium-dense, juicy and fleshy, having a pleasant sweet taste with a slight sourness;
- taste and aroma - light nutmeg.
The berries of the Vanyusha grape variety accumulate sugar well, do not rot, do not crack and do not bake under the sun. The bunches can hang on the vine for a long time (up to 1 month) after they are fully ripe. After that, their taste does not change for the worse, but only ennobles, the nutmeg notes in it become brighter. Due to the rather dense skin, Vanyusha grapes can be transported over long distances. It can be consumed fresh, as well as to prepare desserts from it.
Characteristics
With proper agricultural technology and careful care, Vanyusha grapes, according to winegrowers, are capable of producing generous harvests every year. The load on the bush should be an average of 30-35 eyes. It should be increased gradually, starting from 2-3 years, and make sure not to overload the bush. If this is not done, the berries will be smallish, and their taste will decrease. In the first 2 years, only 1-3 brushes are allowed. It is also necessary to thin out the growing shoots in time. The shoots of this variety ripen by the time of autumn pruning by 2/3 of the length.
The hybrid form of Vanyusha grapes is characterized by excellent rooting rate of cuttings (almost 100%), good ripening and survival in a permanent place. In this regard, the problems arising after transplanting, and with reproduction, he has less than other varieties.
Frost resistance of Vanyusha grapes, according to the description of the variety, is up to - 20-23 ° С. This suggests that in cold regions, the bushes will have to be covered for the winter. In the south, this time-consuming activity can be dispensed with.
The bush bears fruit stably, and its yield is considered high - 6 kg of berries can be harvested from a young bush, from an adult, subject to the rules of agricultural technology and formation - up to 14 kg of a good presentation and quality of bunches.
disadvantages
In cold rainy weather, grape flowers are poorly pollinated, therefore, in the future, shedding of the ovary and peas can be observed: defective small seedless berries appear in the brush.
Another drawback of the variety is that if the harvest is not timely, the grapes overripe and crumble, which affects the amount of harvest.
Diseases and their prevention
The resistance of Vanyusha grapes to the main diseases of the vine - mildew, oidium, gray rot - is average or above average (2.5-3 points). To protect the bushes from them, the following preventive measures are required:
- Pruning grapes regularly in fall or spring. For this variety, pruning of 9-10 eyes is recommended. All weak, damaged, dry shoots must be removed.
- Thinning of excess green shoots for normal ventilation of the bush.
- Timely multiple treatment of the vine against common diseases and pests with fungicides, insecticides and acaricides.
- Top dressing of the bush with mineral or organic fertilizers.
- Cleaning and destruction of plant residues - leaves, cut twigs and crumbling berries. They can be burned or added to the compost heap.
- Digging the soil around the bush, which is carried out so that it freezes well in winter.
The implementation of such agricultural practices must be approached responsibly, because the health of the bush depends on how the gardener will relate to his duties.
Planting and caring for a seedling
The easiest way to propagate Vanyusha grapes is cuttings. Almost all of them take root in both autumn and spring planting. For a seedling, you need to choose a bright, well-lit place, well-ventilated, but without walking winds and drafts. Planting in a shaded area reduces the resistance of the bush to diseases. Low-lying areas with a close location of groundwater are not suitable for grapes. The soil for it must be fertile, light, air and moisture permeable. Cultivated sandy loam and loam are best suited for this.
You can plant a plant both in open areas, having built a classic trellis for it, and near buildings, for example, as in this photo.
The sequence of planting a seedling of Vanyusha grapes:
- Dig a hole 0.7-0.8 m in length, width and depth.
- Lay a layer of drainage material on the bottom - broken brick, small pieces of slate, small pebbles.
- Top with a mixture of garden soil, compost, sand and ash.
- Water the soil and wait for the water to settle.
- Plant a seedling in a hole, sprinkle it with earth and compact it well.
- Mulch the soil with straw, old hay, not rotted last year's leaf, sawdust, or cover it with a film (agrofibre).
- If planting is carried out in the fall, before a cold snap, the seedling must be covered for the winter with dense covering material or sprinkled with earth.
The feeding area for 1 bush should be at least 4-6 sq. m, so the next seedling needs to be placed with this in mind.
Water the seedling until it takes root every 2 weeks, pouring 2-3 buckets of water under it. There is no need to feed a young bush in the first 1-2 years. In the fall, it must be covered, even if the winter is not cold.
Care for an adult bush
The formed grape bush of the Vanyusha variety needs to be watered 3-5 times during the growing season:
- After a winter with little snow - even before the buds bloom. If there is enough moisture in the soil, then this watering can be skipped.
- A couple of weeks before flowering.
- After the formation of the ovaries.
- 3 weeks before the berries ripen.
- In dry warm autumn - immediately after the leaves fall. In rainy days, water-charging irrigation can be omitted.
Watering rates - at least 50-70 liters per bush.It is advisable to pour water not under the root, but at some distance from it. After the next watering or the passage of rain, the ground under the plant must be loosened.
It is necessary to fertilize Vanyusha grapes 3-4 times per season with mineral fertilizers. The first feeding is done before flowering, using nitrogen fertilizers, the next feeding with phosphorus and potassium - after 1 month. Fertilizers of organic origin (compost, ash and humus) should be applied after 2 seasons at a dose of 10-15 kg per bush. Microelements are also useful: magnesium, zinc, boron.
You can form a Vanyusha grape bush according to the scheme in the photo.
The main pruning is done in autumn (on mature bushes) or in spring (on young bushes), in summer - cut out excess green shoots, leaving 22-24 pieces. Fruiting arrows of this vigorous grape are recommended to be cut by 8-10 eyes. In addition to pruning and thinning shoots, Vanyusha grapes require tying up fruit-bearing branches, since they have heavy and large brushes.
You can start harvesting when the berries in the clusters have reached technical ripeness. These grapes are already sweet and juicy, but still firm, do not crumble, they can be transported for sale or stored in a cool, dark place. For quick consumption, you can leave the bunches to ripen on the bush. In biological ripeness, Vanyusha grapes are the most delicious. However, it is better not to delay with harvesting, since when overripe, the berries often crumble, although the presentation of the bunches remains for a long time. You need to cut off the bunches with pruners, folding them into baskets in small batches. Then use as directed.
Testimonials
Conclusion
The hybrid form of Vanyusha grapes is a successful combination of early maturity, yield and excellent marketability and taste. Caring for him is standard and uncomplicated, while the harvest is guaranteed. Plant it in your plots to always have delicious and beautiful-looking white grapes on the table.
