Content
The inimitable and incomparable clematis continues to conquer the hearts of flower growers. Increasingly, it can be found in personal plots. Its luxurious flowers adorn gazebos and attics, arches and fences. The variety of varieties and species of this marvelous plant is growing every year.
With the arrival of spring, each grower tries to propagate existing flowers or grow new varieties of flowers. Before propagating clematis, it is important to familiarize yourself with the information about what methods of reproduction exist, and what rules must be followed so that in a year or two the site will be full of colors and colors.
Origin and varieties
The first mentions of clematis date back to the 15th century. They began to grow it in Western Europe, in the 16th century. The name of the flower in translation from Greek means "climbing plant". And clematis lives up to this word, since almost all species and varieties are vines.
The widespread distribution of clematis began after the flower show, which took place in 1860. G. Zhakman presented the first hybrid to flower growers, which was later named after an English gardener. The popularity of this type of flower does not fade to this day.
The genus of clematis has about 265 species and more than 2000 varieties. Depending on the variety, the plant height can reach 18-20 m, however, some types of flowers have erect stems and grow no higher than 1-1.2 m.The size and color of the inflorescences ranges from 1-25 cm.
The variety of colors and shapes of flowers can amaze even the most sophisticated flower growers. The foliage of clematis also has a varied shape, depending on the species. Plants are so unpretentious that they can grow in almost any climatic conditions. The only exception is Antarctica.
Thanks to Lomonosov, you can decorate any home plot with bright, fragrant flowers. And about when and how clematis multiplies, you will learn from the article.
Reproduction methods
Clematis is an unpretentious plant. The variety of new varieties and hybrids has significantly increased the number of flower propagation methods. Most of the hybrids reproduce mainly by vegetative methods, which guarantee the preservation of the species and varietal characteristics of the original plant. Clematis can be propagated:
- cuttings (green or lignified);
- dividing the bush;
- rooting of cuttings;
- seeds;
- vaccination.
Each method has its own pros and cons. The first three methods are the simplest and most effective. But vaccination is a rather troublesome method that requires special skills. Most often it is used by professionals for grafting rare, hybrid varieties of clematis.
Growing Clematis from seeds
Clematis seeds are propagated extremely rarely and only species and small-flowered varieties. Also, breeders use this method when creating new hybrid varieties.
Clematis seeds are of three types:
- Small ones. Germinate within 3.5-4 months, high germination rate.
- Seeds are medium in size. The first signs of germination appear only after 1.5-6 months, depending on the type of plant. Germinate amicably and evenly.
- When sowing large seeds of clematis, you will have to be patient, since the first shoots can be seen only after a year. Uneven germination and low germination of seeds of this group are noted.
When clematis is propagated by seeds at home, the composition of the soil is of great importance. Light, loose, fertile - these are the main requirements for the soil. The ideal composition is earth and sand in a 2: 1 ratio.
Containers with drainage holes are filled with soil prepared in advance. Seeds are laid out on the surface in increments of 4-5 cm, which are covered with a thin layer of sand. The thickness of the top layer should not exceed three times the diameter of the seed.
Watering the planting needs sprinkling methods. A spray bottle or small strainer is perfect for this. When clematis is propagated by seeds, containers should be kept in a warm, ventilated room.
Follow-up care consists of regular watering.
Dividing the bush
Propagate clematis by dividing the bush, preferably in autumn, in mid-late September. This is due to the fragility of the buds, which in spring easily break off and crumble after transplantation. In autumn, after flowering, the plant has sufficient reserves and easily tolerates the division process.
This simple event will not take you much time and effort and will allow you to preserve all varietal characteristics of flowers. The algorithm for dividing the clematis bush is as follows:
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Carefully, trying not to damage the root system, dig up the bush and put it in the shade for 2-3 hours. Fragile roots will slightly tighten during this time, and will not break.
- Rinse the roots well in warm water to wash off the soil.
- Using a sharp, sanitized garden knife, divide the bush into equal parts. Each section should consist of 2-3 healthy, full-fledged shoots and adventitious roots.
- Delenki are kept in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for 2-2.5 hours, and then planted in a permanent place.
Propagation by dividing the bush is necessary only for healthy clematis. This method is ideal for propagating flowers that are at least 4-6 years old.
The author of the video will share with you the secrets of correct reproduction of clematis by the method of dividing the bush:
Cuttings
Reproduction of clematis by cuttings is the easiest, most affordable and effective method that allows you to immediately get a large amount of planting material. On average, the result of rooting green and lignified cuttings is at least 90-95%, provided that all the recommendations of experienced florists are followed.
Clematis can be propagated by both green and lignified cuttings. The meaning of this method is to cut the required amount of planting material, and create favorable conditions for rooting. Cuttings of clematis are rooted in water or in a soil suitable for composition.
Green cuttings are cut from the side shoots of the growing plant. When cutting the material, please note that there should be no buds on the selected shoot. Remove the top of the shoot, and cut the rest of the clematis branch into equal cuttings. Each cutting should have 2 internodes.
Lignified cuttings are cut before the plant enters the budding phase or at the end of flowering. The requirements for planting material are identical, as in the propagation of clematis with green cuttings.
The lower cut on the handle should be oblique and located 2-3 mm below the internode, the upper one - straight, at a distance of 1-1.5 cm above the upper internode. The upper leaf plates are cut by 2/3, the bottom pair of leaves is cut off completely.
The lower part of clematis cuttings must be immediately processed in a stimulator for the formation and active growth of the root system.Further actions depend on the chosen rooting method.
Rooting in water
If you decide to root a clematis stalk in water, select a container that is suitable for the size in advance. The main condition: only the lower part of the cuttings should be in the water. Containers with planting material must be placed in a darkened place. Window sills located on the sunny side are completely unsuitable for this purpose.
Water in containers with cuttings should be changed 2-3 times a week. The first signs of the formation of a root system on clematis cuttings during reproduction at home should appear no earlier than a month and a half.
Subsequently, the cuttings, whose roots grow up to 4-5 cm, are transplanted into prepared soil, in separate containers, and grown at home until they are planted in open ground.
Rooting in the ground
The soil for cutting clematis at home must be prepared in advance. The optimal soil mixture consists of:
- earth - 2 hours;
- sand - 1 tsp;
- peat - 1 tsp
If you wish, you can add a small portion of perlite to the soil. Disinfect the soil in any way convenient for you. Lay a 5 cm layer of sand on top of the prepared soil.
Cuttings of clematis cut and processed in a growth stimulator are planted at an inclination of 30˚- 40˚. The lower buds are buried no more than 1 cm. When planting cuttings with one node, the burial rate is identical.
Containers with clematis cuttings must be placed in a shaded place. The room should be regularly ventilated so that the plants get enough clean air.
Particular attention should be paid to soil moisture. Before the first signs of rooting appear, the planting is sprayed at least 3-5 times a day from a spray bottle with warm water. Subsequently, this procedure can be abandoned. Rooted clematis seedlings are properly cared for before being transplanted into open ground.
After the first young shoots appear, transfer the containers with flowers to a lighted place.
Reproduction using layering
This breeding method for clematis is ideal for both beginners and busy florists. Simplicity of execution, the ability to obtain several healthy rooted seedlings at once with minimal labor costs - these are its main advantages.
Any types and varieties of clematis can be propagated by layering. Rooted seedlings perfectly preserve all varietal and specific characteristics of the mother bush. Moreover, this method is ideal for breeding clematis hybrid varieties.
When clematis is propagated by layering, there are no special requirements and recommendations regarding the variety or timing for work in the garden. It is desirable that the age of the bush was at least three years. The algorithm of actions will look like this:
- dig a shallow groove from the bush in an arbitrary direction;
- place the shoot in it and pin it with U-shaped wire pins, leaving the top 7-10 cm above the ground;
- carefully fill the groove with soil and water.
Most importantly, do not forget to water the groove regularly. The soil must be constantly moist. After 2-3 months, the first shoots of young seedlings will appear. Let them grow a little stronger, and only then transplant to a permanent place.
In more detail about how to propagate clematis by layering in spring, the author of the video will tell you
When can you cut flowers
To the question: when you can start cutting clematis - in spring, summer, or autumn - there is no definite answer. You can root cuttings of flowers all year round. Only one feature should be taken into account - it will take at least 4-6 months to get a full-fledged seedling.
This factor is of great importance when choosing a breeding method for clematis, as well as the conditions in which the planting material will take root. In spring and early summer, you can plant cuttings in open ground, on a specially equipped garden bed. By autumn, the root system has already formed, and under cover the plant will calmly endure winter frosts.
In the second half of summer and autumn, clematis should be propagated by cuttings at home. Until spring, the seedlings will take root, grow, and in the spring they can be safely planted in open ground. In addition, in the autumn preparation of bushes for winter, you can use cut vines for subsequent reproduction.
You can start breeding clematis by layering in spring or early autumn. In the first version, the rooted seedlings are planted in a permanent place in early to mid-autumn, in the second - in the spring.
Clematis seeds can be propagated at home at any time of the year.
Flower care rules
With any method of reproduction of clematis, the state of the planting material and the end result entirely depends on the further care of the plantings. Seedlings and cuttings should be watered regularly, at least 2-3 times a week.
Flowers should be fed with nitrogen fertilizers or complex mineral dressings no more than 1-2 times a month. From time to time, gently loosen the soil around the flowers, taking care not to damage the delicate root system of clematis.
Maintain optimal conditions for growing flowers indoors:
- air humidity at the level of 30-50%;
- air temperature within + 18˚С + 24˚С;
- regular ventilation.
If all the recommendations are followed, in a few months there will be several more clematis bushes in your garden.
How you can root clematis cuttings in the open field, you will learn from the video
Conclusion
Now you know how you can grow clematis from a cuttings, and also familiarized yourself with other methods of propagation of this beautiful and luxurious flower. With a minimum of effort, you will soon be able to proudly enjoy the fruits of your labors, and your personal plot will turn into a small piece of paradise.
