Content
Sweet cherry Annushka is a fruit crop variety that is used on a farm. It is distinguished by its special taste. Easy to transport, considered high yielding and disease resistant. Pests cannot ruin the harvest, damage the fruit and the tree itself.
Breeding history
Sweet cherry of this variety planted by private enterprises and farms. Anyone can plant Annushka on their own and achieve good fruiting. This is a mid-early variety that represents the Ukrainian breeding school.
For the first time, the variety was bred at home - at the Donetsk Institute of Horticulture UAAS. The author is LI Tatarenko. In her work, she used cross-cultivars with the help of pollination, and as a base she took the cultures of Donchanka and Valery Chkalov. Unlike its "predecessors", Annushka's cherry is more resistant to frost, which allows harvesting even in late autumn.
In 2000, the sweet cherry variety Annushka was entered in the State Register of the Russian Federation for the North Caucasian region of the country. Endurance tests were held there. Annushka proved to be an ideal culture, especially in climatic zones with unstable weather conditions.
Description of culture
The sweet cherry variety Annushka has large fruits - up to 10 grams. This feature makes it possible to compete with world varieties. The tree of the variety is tall, and its height reaches almost 5 m. The shoots are straight, thickened. They form a spherical crown, which is of medium density.
Buds are mixed, mainly located on growth shoots. The leaves are also different from other cherry varieties. They are large in shape, slightly lightened. The oblong ovoid structure of the plate ends with a point, and has teeth on the sides. The leaf itself is attached to the trunk due to the one and a half centimeter petiole.
The cultivation of sweet cherry Annushka is distinguished by its process, or rather, the sequence of the appearance of inflorescences. White flowers have five petals, but they are combined into umbellate inflorescences, usually 4-5 pieces. But on the shoots, the flowers come out before the leaves, which is uncharacteristic for other varieties of sweet cherries.
Characteristics
Sweet cherries have great nutritional value. Annushka fruits contain many vitamins. In more detail, it is worth considering the indicators of the fruits:
Taste qualities of cherries | Above average sweetness, dessert flavor |
Fruit color | Dark, casts burgundy |
Cherry color and pulp | Juicy pulp with a dense structure, crunchy reddish surface |
Forms of Annushka's fruits | Round shape with a pressed base at the tail |
Structural element | The drupe is common, the core with the bone is easily separated from the pulp. The bone is small, takes up less volume compared to other varieties |
In the industry, the sweet cherry variety Annushka is very much appreciated, because after the separation of the stone, the integrity of the appearance and pulp does not suffer, the shape and inner shell are preserved. Harvesting is thereby accelerated, making harvesting easy. With an increase in speed, the presentation is preserved.Also, the characteristic of the sweet cherry variety Annushka is distinguished by a tasting score of 4.9 points on a 5-point scale.
Drought resistance, winter hardiness
The Annushka variety is distinguished by high frost resistance. It can withstand up to -35 0S. Annushka is also able to survive even a severe drought. Due to the plasticity of the crown, sweet cherry is self-fertile, retains its taste under any climatic changes.
Pollination, flowering period and ripening times
The flowering period most often affects mid-spring. Within a short period of time, the fruits ripen. It is important to harvest quickly as everything will go bad in 1-2 weeks. The tree does not tolerate stagnant groundwater, so planting and harvesting should be in an area where the waters do not come close to the soil.
Sweet cherry Annushka blooms faster with enough light. It is necessary to place it for quick ripening on the southern slope. If it rains in the summer, it is important to provide the berries with a flow of warm air. For this, trees should be planted in an open area. Suitable pollinators for Annushka cherries are those trees that are considered best for flowers:
- Place the pistil and the stamen of the Spanky cherry on one level. It will give big fruits.
- Also use Cherry Chocolate and Baby... They will give an attractive appearance and a large cherry harvest.
- Drogana yellow and Donetsk ember will give the ability to withstand drought.
- Donetsk beauty will allow cherries to grow even in winter.
There is no need to resort to special pollination methods, since Annushka's cherry is self-fertile.
Productivity, fruiting
Trees give a rich harvest when cherry seedlings are bought in the fall and have managed to survive the cold. "Hardened", they will only need to moisten the soil three times a year. It is enough to pour only 35 liters of water into the ditch around Annushka's seedling. One-year-old and two-year-old cherry trees need to be tied up, and placed 3-4 m apart. Then the harvest will be in 2-3 years. Sweet cherries bear fruit for a long time, as a rule, for several decades. The first berries appear in May, although they bloom even in March-April.
Scope of berries
Annushka berries are used in industry by farming companies - for spinning for sale. Also, various dressings, drinks and preservatives are made from cherries. The Annushka variety is often used in cosmetic medicine.
Disease and pest resistance
The Annushka variety tolerates diseases quite well. If the care is poorly performed, such difficulties arise:
- Fungal diseases - occur due to improper fit. The soil and soil can be contaminated with acid rain, which affects the tree.
- Cherry coccomycosis - appears on leaves that become stained and then dry out. To cure a tree, use Topaz, 2 ml per 10 liters of liquid. You need to process the plant during flowering.
- Annushka's Moniliosis - manifests itself in the form of gray growths. Treatment requires Nitrafen during the flowering period. Dilute 300 g per 10 liters of water.
- Hole spotted cherry - you can heal a tree with the help of "Horus".
Also, the cherry tree can suffer from various pests. In comparison with other varieties, Annushka rarely suffers from damage to the bark and leaves, however, it is important to carry out prevention for the longevity of the tree.
Advantages and disadvantages
Despite all the advantages of Annushka, the sweet cherry variety has some disadvantages, although, in comparison with the advantages, they are practically invisible. It will never grow in swampy areas and humid climates. For example, in the north of Russia, sweet cherry will grow better than in the south, and it is quite difficult for her to endure coccomycosis.
Landing features
Before planting, cherry seedlings should be stored in a basement in the cold. Planting is carried out in the fall, when the trees are still young, they are able to withstand the cold up to -3 0C. Regarding the rest of the recommendations, all the details are discussed below.
Recommended timing
It is best to plant in late autumn, but if this cannot be done, Annushka's cherries can be buried in a snowdrift.
Choosing the right place
For a successful planting, you need to choose a place where cherries will be nearby. They should serve as pollinators. Other plants can be planted only 5-7 meters away. It is advisable to dig deep holes for backfilling with sawdust and grass.
What crops can and cannot be planted next to cherries
Cherry varieties that are considered early in bloom can be planted next to cherries, which are pollinators. It is not recommended to plant light red cherries, late and winter. You can not engage in the cultivation of flowering plants near the fruit tree.
Selection and preparation of planting material
Young seedlings are used as planting material. Fertilizer is also purchased, which is poured into the tree hole. The pit should have parameters up to half a meter deep and almost a meter wide.
Landing algorithm
Immediately after digging a hole, you need to fill the bottom with manure (20-25 kg). During the winter, the fertilizer settles down. The tree can be planted in early spring. Planting and caring for Annushka's cherries also consists in the choice of nitrates. Agronomists select the necessary substances for each region separately.
The distance between the seedlings is 3-4 m. For growth, insert a stake 1 m in height. The hole around the tree should hold up to 8 liters of water.
After a year or two, Annushka's long branches are shortened to the length of medium ones. Thus, the fruiting of the sweet cherry will be better. The algorithm is described in detail in the video:
Follow-up care of the culture
After planting, it is important not to forget to care for the cherries:
- Watering Annushka should be carried out three times in a drought, 30 liters of water each time.
- The first watering is done in the spring after frost, the second in the heat. Third optional.
- Sweet cherries do not need feeding. You just need a little fertilizer in the winter.
- To form a flat cherry crown, it is necessary to stop the growth of the tree at the 4 m mark; for this, the conductor is cut off at the prescribed height.
Next comes the preparation for winter. In October, cracks in the skeletal branches are cleaned with a garden knife. Cherry trunks are treated with a 3% solution of copper sulfate. The wounds are covered with garden varnish.
Diseases and pests, methods of control and prevention
Most often, agronomists are faced with the following problems:
Weevil - a beetle that eats leaves and gnaws fruits | It infects the plant with a fungus | A month and a half before harvesting, you need to process the leaves with "Decis". It is important to remove fallen leaves and rotten fruits in time.
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The stalk gnaws through the fruit | It promotes drying of fruits and infection with fungal diseases. | It is necessary to remove the damaged cherries and process the remains with "Metaphos"
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Cherry shoot moth is very dangerous in its effect. | Because of it, the tree dries up, buds and leaves fall off. It damages the entire "green" part of the cherry | You can get rid of it only with the help of "Karbofos"
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Conclusion
Sweet cherry Annushka is really the best variety for private traders and farmers. It is useful, the pulp is crispy, sweet. The dessert taste allows you to prepare many delicacies from it. Undemanding care, climatic conditions make it in demand in almost any region and in the private food sector.
