Content
Ryadovka sad (Latin Tricholoma triste), or Tricholoma, is an unremarkable poisonous lamellar mushroom of the Ryadovkov family (Tricholomovs). The fruiting body of the fungus (stem, cap) appears in August - October.
Where sad rows grow
Ryadovka sad prefers a temperate climate, most often found in moist coniferous and mixed forests, less often in deciduous ones. It grows in the vicinity of spruce or pine, forming mycorrhiza with them (mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship of the fungus mycelium with plant roots).
For the type of ryadovka sad, sandy or calcareous soils are suitable, on which mushrooms grow in groups, forming rows or circles (this feature is reflected in the name). Sometimes they form "witch" circles, often hide under fallen leaves, partially buried in the soil.
What sad rows look like
The dark gray cap of the saddle row has the shape of a semicircle or a bell, and its diameter reaches 2-5 cm. Mature mushrooms come with an open or flat-convex cap, it has a tubercle and tightly closed hairs that form a tomentose pubescence.
The edges of the cap are white or pale gray, sometimes there are darker dots. Often the edge of the cap has cracks.
The flesh of ryadovka sad is also white or grayish, thick. Wide plates on the back of the cap are notched-accrete, gray in color. On the walls of the plates of the fungus, smooth oblong or ellipsoidal spores are formed, resembling a white powder.
The length of the dense leg of the ryadovka sad is 3-5 cm, in diameter 4-10 mm. It can be in the form of a cylinder, painted white, gray or fawn. On the stem of the fungus, dark gray scales are sparsely or in a dense layer.
Is it possible to eat sad rows
The sad ryadovka is not consumed in food, since it contains the alkaloid muscarine, which is dangerous to human life. In this case, the dose may exceed the content of this poison in the fly agaric or in the toadstool. An alkaloid is a syrupy liquid that paralyzes the nervous system. It leads to increased contractions of the walls of the intestines, stomach, uterus, spleen and bladder. The secretion of the pancreas and the production of bile may also increase. The opinion that the mushroom eaten by worms is edible is erroneous. They can also be found on poisonous species.
How to distinguish sad rows
You can distinguish the sad row from the edible species of mushroom by a gray lamellar pubescent cap with an uneven edge and a scaly dense light leg.
It has a characteristic flour smell. But, since sometimes ryadovka sad does not have a pronounced aroma, it is worthwhile to carefully study its main external signs and refuse to collect suspicious mushrooms. The pulp of a poisonous ryadovka, reacting with oxygen, changes color at a break.
Poisoning symptoms
The first symptoms of poisoning with ryadovka sad appear after 1-3 hours, less often after 3-24 hours after eating toxic mushrooms. The less time has passed before the deterioration of health, the more severe the disease can be.
Signs of poisoning by the saddened ryadovka include:
- headaches;
- thirst;
- increased sweating;
- diarrhea;
- nausea and vomiting;
- drowsiness;
- low pressure;
- noise in ears;
- dizziness;
- strong salivation;
- heat;
- cutting pain in the abdomen;
- visual impairment (lack of clarity);
- disorientation;
- weakness;
- faster or slower heart rate;
- loss of consciousness;
- convulsions (in a severe case).
First aid for poisoning
There is no need to wait for all of the above symptoms to appear. Symptoms of poisoning with this fungus progress very quickly. The slightest delay can be fatal. You need to immediately seek medical help. Then go to first aid:
- Rinse the stomach with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate (several crystals of potassium permanganate are placed in 1.5 liters of boiled water and stirred thoroughly). The drug must dissolve completely so as not to injure the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach. You can also use a saline solution (0.5 teaspoon salt per liter of water). Drink, then provoke vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue.
- Take an adsorbent (activated carbon, Filtrum, Polysorb, Smecta, Enterosgel, Polyphepan, Sorbeks, Atoxil). It absorbs toxins without harming the body.
- In the absence of diarrhea, you can take a laxative (for more effective cleansing) or cleanse the intestines with an enema. Castor oil (1 tablespoon) is used as a laxative.
- After taking the drugs, rest and bed rest are recommended. It is advisable to be warm, to put heating pads on your hands and feet.
- Drink as much water as possible. Herbal decoctions, strong black tea with sugar will help.
With further treatment after a medical examination, specialists carry out detoxification therapy with medications, prescribe a diet and take vitamins to strengthen the immune system. If internal organs have suffered (renal failure, impaired functioning of the cardiovascular system), measures are taken to restore their performance.
Conclusion
In Russia, the type of ryadovka sad is not widespread, and information about it is insufficient. Outwardly, this mushroom may be similar to some edible tricholas. Therefore, you should be careful with the collected rows and carefully select them for eating.
