Content
- 1 Rules for choosing tomato seeds for planting
- 2 Sorting tomato seeds
- 3 Disinfection of tomato seeds
- 4 Method for thermal disinfection of tomato seeds
- 5 The harm and benefits of biostimulants
- 6 Soaking and awakening the embryo
- 7 Whether or not it is necessary to harden tomato seeds
- 8 What is bubbling and why is it needed
- 9 Germination of tomato seeds for planting
Many novice vegetable growers assume that preparing tomato seeds for planting seedlings is necessary only to obtain quick shoots. In fact, this process solves a bigger problem. Many harmful microorganisms overwinter on a tomato seed. After planting untreated tomato seeds, bacteria wake up and begin to infect the plant from the first days of its life. However, in this matter, you cannot overdo it, as some housewives do. Soaking the seeds in several solutions for better disinfection can kill the embryo.
Rules for choosing tomato seeds for planting
To grow a good tomato, you need to be responsible for the preparation of the seed. They do this not when the grains have already been purchased, but even at the stage of their selection in the store.
First of all, even before buying, you need to decide on the varieties. If you live in the northern region, it is better to give preference to early and medium early tomatoes. Late and medium tomatoes under these conditions can only be grown in a closed way. In the southern regions, any variety of tomatoes can be harvested in the garden.
The culture is subdivided according to the height of the bush. Buying seeds of determinate and semi-determinant tomatoes is optimal for growing in open ground. Indeterminate tomatoes are preferred for greenhouses.
It is important to pay attention to factors such as the purpose of the vegetable, the color of the flesh, the size and shape of the fruit. Tomatoes are varietal and hybrids. The latter are marked on the packaging with the letter F1. It should be noted right away that it will not be possible to collect seeds for planting from hybrids at home.
If you want to get good shoots from purchased tomato seeds, it is important to pay attention to two factors:
- The percentage and speed of seed germination depends on the shelf life.... If we compare grains of sweet peppers and tomatoes, then the first one is given a shelf life of no more than three years. Tomato seeds remain plantable for five years. The manufacturer always displays the expiration date on the packaging. It is important to note here that the longer the seeds have been stored, the slower they will germinate. If you have a choice, it is better to buy freshly packed tomato grains.
- Storage conditions for seeds - a very important factor affecting the percentage of germination. For tomato grains, the optimal storage conditions are a dry place with an air temperature of about +18aboutC. Of course, it is impossible to find out how tomato seeds were stored before they hit the store counter. However, if the paper package shows that it has been exposed to dampness, is badly wrinkled, or any defects are present, then the storage conditions have been violated.
It is better not to buy tomato seeds in incomprehensible packages, without the specified packaging time and shelf life. It is not a fact that it is not clear what can grow from such grains instead of the expected variety of tomato.
Sorting tomato seeds
After buying tomato seeds, you should not immediately rush to soak them. The package may contain a large number of unseeding seeds, and the time spent on them will not bring any results. The first rule of preparing tomato seeds for planting involves sorting them. The minimum that is required is at least to visually inspect the grains.You can get healthy tomato seedlings only from large and thick beige seeds. All thin, darkened, as well as broken grains must be discarded.
Manual culling is appropriate for small quantities of seed. But what if you need to sort out a lot of tomato grains, for example, intended for planting in the entire greenhouse? The simplest method of soaking will come to the rescue. You will need a liter jar of warm water. For efficiency, you can chop 1 tbsp. l. salt. It should be noted right away that starting from seed preparation and ending with watering sprouted tomato seedlings, it is advisable not to use tap water. The chlorine impurities contained are dangerous for both nascent sprouts and adult plants. It is best to stock up on rain or melt water. In extreme cases, you can buy purified water sold in PET bottles.
So, the saline solution is ready, we proceed to the culling of unusable tomato seeds. To do this, the grains are simply poured into a jar of water and watched for about 10 minutes. Usually all empty seeds float to the surface. You just need to catch them all, but do not rush to throw them away. Often, if stored improperly, tomato grains simply dry out. Naturally, even a high-quality, highly dried seed will float to the surface of the water, so all floating specimens will have to be visually inspected. Any thick grains that come across are best left for germination... Well, those tomato seeds that have sunk to the bottom of the can can be safely taken for planting.
There is another method for selecting low-quality grains, based on the school practice of a physics lesson. Dry tomato seeds are laid out in a thin layer on the table, after which they take any object that has the property of electrifying. An ebony stick works best, but you can use a plastic comb or similar item. The essence of the method consists in rubbing the object with a woolen rag, after which it is led over the decomposed tomato grains. An electrified object will immediately attract all empty seeds to itself, because they are much lighter than full specimens. This procedure needs to be done about 2-3 times for 100% certainty.
Disinfection of tomato seeds
Disinfection is a prerequisite for preparing tomato seeds for sowing for seedlings, since as a result of this process, all pathogens on the grain shell are destroyed. The process of disinfection of seeds is popularly called dressing. The most common method for disinfecting tomato grains is to immerse them in a jar with a 1% manganese solution. After 30 minutes, the seed coat will turn brown, after which the grains are thoroughly washed under running water.
The second disinfection method is based on immersing tomato seeds in a jar with 3% hydrogen peroxide solution. The liquid must be warmed up to a temperature of +40aboutC. The grains are disinfected in it for 8 minutes, after which they are washed with clean water.
The video shows the treatment with potassium permanganate and hardening of tomato seeds:
Quite good, many gardeners speak about the biological drug "Fitolavin". It contains streptotricin antibiotics that prevent the development of blackleg, wilting, and bacteriosis. The drug is not toxic, and, most importantly, it is safe for beneficial organisms in the soil. Tomato seed treatment occurs according to the instructions that come with the drug.
Most purchased tomato seeds do not need additional dressing, since the manufacturer has already taken care of this. Now even pelleted tomato grains have appeared.They look like small balls, most often glued to a special tape. When planting, it is enough to make a groove in the ground, spread the tape with seeds, and then cover it with soil.
Method for thermal disinfection of tomato seeds
Few people use this method, but nevertheless it exists, and it is worth paying attention to. Heat treatment of tomato grains eliminates many harmful microbes, improves the sowing quality of seed material, and increases productivity. The method is based on heating dry tomato grains at a temperature of +30aboutFrom within two days. Further, the temperature is increased to +50aboutC, heating the seeds for three days. The last stage involves heating the tomato grains for four days at a temperature of +70aboutFROM.
The easiest way to heat treatment is to heat tomato seeds for three hours on a table lamp shade at a temperature of +60aboutC. Some housewives have adapted to hanging the seed in bags near the radiator two months before the start of sowing.
The harm and benefits of biostimulants
The use of biostimulants is aimed at the rapid awakening of embryos in grains. With their appearance on the market, all gardeners began to massively process any seed material before planting. There are many factory preparations, for example, "Zircon", "Gumat", "Ecopin" and others. Enterprising people immediately found many primitive means. Instead of purchased biostimulants, they began to use the juice of aloe, potatoes, and even the medicine "Mumiyo". However, over time, many vegetable growers have faced the problem of poor productivity of garden crops.
Now many vegetable growers refuse to use biostimulants. Occasionally, the use of drugs is resorted to if it is necessary to revive highly overdried or long-stored seed material. Why is this needed? Everything is very simple. For example, for some reason, a favorite variety of tomatoes disappeared in the garden. Collect grain failed, they are not on sale either, and there are still overdried seeds of the year before last in the storehouse. To revive your favorite tomato variety, you will have to resort to soaking in a biostimulator. After this procedure, without rinsing with water, the tomato grains are dried and immediately sown into the ground.
Soaking and awakening the embryo
The process of awakening the embryo resembles heat treatment, only in hot water. It is best to use a regular thermos for these purposes. Pure water is poured into it with a temperature of +60aboutC, the tomato grains are poured, closed with a cork and kept for about 30 minutes.
After awakening the embryo, they begin to soak the seed. To do this, use gauze bags, inside which tomato grains are poured, dividing them by grade. The bags are dipped in a jar of clean water at room temperature for 12 hours. Some do it for a day. It is important during soaking to remove the bags from the water every 4–5 hours to replenish the grains with oxygen. The water must be changed, since the remnants of pathogens are washed off from the seed shell.
Whether or not it is necessary to harden tomato seeds
Tomato is a thermophilic culture. To adapt the plants from an early age to aggressive weather conditions, the seeds are hardened. Opinions about the usefulness of this action are divided among different vegetable growers. Some talk about the need for hardening, others prefer to expose ready-made seedlings to this.
Tomato grains that have passed the soaking process are sent for hardening. They are laid out on any tray or plate, after which they are placed in the refrigerator, where the temperature is about +2aboutC. After 12 hours, the tray is removed from the refrigerator and placed in the room for 12 hours with an air temperature from +15 to +20aboutFROM.A similar procedure is performed 2-3 times.
What is bubbling and why is it needed
Sparging is nothing but the enrichment of tomato grains with oxygen. It can be carried out together with Phytolavin disinfection. In the absence of an antibiotic, prepare a mixture of 1 tbsp. l. compost, plus ¼ tbsp. l. any jam. A drop of "Fitolavin" or a home-made mixture is diluted in a liter jar with warm water, where tomato grains are subsequently placed. Further, you will need the participation of a conventional aquarium compressor. It will pump air into a can of water for 12 hours. After bubbling, the seed is dried to a flowable consistency. Can water can be used to water other seedlings or indoor flowers.
Germination of tomato seeds for planting
The germination process is final in the stage of preparing tomato seeds for planting. There is nothing difficult in this matter. It is enough just to place the grains of tomatoes between two layers of gauze or any piece of natural fabric, put them on a tray and put them in a warm place. The fabric must be periodically moistened, but not flooded with water, otherwise the embryos will get wet. As soon as the shell of the seed burst, and a small bore appeared from it, they begin to sow in the ground.
Sow sprouted tomato seeds carefully so as not to damage the sprouts. If everything was done correctly, the first shoots will appear on the surface of the soil in 5–7 days.
