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The cold climate of many regions of Russia does not allow growing thermophilic grape varieties... The vine simply will not survive the long winter with severe frosts. For such areas, special frost-resistant grape varieties have been developed that can survive at low temperatures. However, even winter-hardy varieties are divided into two categories:
- Covering. The vine of winter-hardy grapes usually withstands frosts ranging from -24 to -27aboutC. For the winter, the bushes in the northern regions have to be covered so as not to expose them to hypothermia.
- Uncovering. The grapes are able to withstand frosts from -30aboutC. There are varieties that do not freeze without shelter even at -45aboutFROM.
Before you become interested in choosing which grape varieties are frost-resistant and sweet, you need to pay attention to this indicator.
As for the yield, the winter-hardy varieties are distinguished by abundant fruiting. Here, maximum attention is required from the gardener. During the growth and maturation of the bunches, all the nutrients go to the berries. If there are too many brushes, the vine does not have time to ripen, and the root system and wood are left without nutrients. Overloading a winter-hardy bush threatens with a decrease in frost resistance, a deterioration in the quality of fruits, which will lead to the death of the vineyard.
Normalization allows to avoid overloading the frost-resistant bush. In the spring, pruned whips with frozen buds, during the growing season, remove excess shoots and brushes.
It should be borne in mind that even the most resistant grape varieties to disease and frost are endangered by a snowless winter. In an uncovered vineyard, the root system freezes. In the spring, the gardener should not worry about getting the crop, but about saving the bush. First, the soil is fluffed around the trunk. The vine is removed from the support, twisted in a ring, settled on the ground, fixing with pieces of wire. From above, winter-hardy grapes are covered with a film. Under the greenhouse, the vine will come to life, and new young roots will grow, but they will be superficial.
Choosing covering and non-covering table grape varieties, take into account a number of important features:
- A winter-hardy variety must be resistant to low temperatures, diseases, pest infestation;
- maximum juice content in berries;
- low level of structure of the bunch;
- the indicator of the sugar content in the pulp is at least 20%;
- maximum saturation of fruits with vitamins and minerals.
All frost-resistant grape varieties 25 and above have a common positive feature - they endure severe winters. Many winter-hardy vineyards can even be grown in Siberia... A big plus is that non-covering grape varieties are ideal for wine, juice due to the richness of taste and aroma.
The disadvantage is difficult care. No matter how cold the winter-hardy vineyard endures, partially young shoots freeze out. Sometimes the superficial root system dies. The brushes and berries of winter-hardy grape varieties are usually small and ugly. Most of the harvest goes for processing, since it is impossible to eat fresh fruits.
The group of frost-resistant vineyards often includes technical varieties, but there are also canteens. The scope of the culture is extensive. So, frost-resistant grapes, not covered, weaving varieties are planted near the gazebo, they equip a hedge, an arch. Garden plots are planted with vines, resting places are shaded. There are even medicinal varieties of uncovered grapes used in folk medicine.The fruits are used in cosmetology for healing masks.
The video tells about frost-resistant varieties:
Review of non-sheltering winter-hardy varieties
All uncovered grape varieties have a common feature - the vine hibernates on a support without shelter. The culture is resistant to diseases, suitable for growing in all regions of Russia.
Isabel
The most popular winter-hardy variety, bred since the times of the USSR. The culture is more fond of a temperate climate, but it grows successfully in many regions. An uncovered grape variety is suitable for the Black Earth Region, and is most often in demand by winemakers. Fruits are round, slightly elongated, about 20 mm long. The dark blue skin is covered with a white bloom. The pulp is slimy, sour with a tart aftertaste, but saturated with a pronounced aroma.
Lydia
A good uncovered grape variety for the Krasnodar Territory and other regions with a temperate climate. In the northern regions, the vine is covered for the winter. Rounded berries become brown-red when ripe. The fruits are famous for their sharp pleasant aroma and are ideal for making wine and juice. Ripening of the crop occurs in 150 days.
Sharov's riddle
One of the best representatives of frost-resistant grape varieties for Siberia and other cold regions. The vine is able to withstand a drop in temperature below -30aboutC. Uncovering early large-fruited grapes ripen 3 months after bud break. Globular berries are not densely located on the brush. The skin is dark blue with a white bloom, not sour. The pulp is juicy, sweet. The mass of the brush is about 0.5 kg.
Ontario
A good winter-hardy non-sheltering grape variety for the Leningrad region and other cold regions was bred by American breeders. The fruit has an ideal ball shape. The bunches weigh about 250 g. Ripe berries become amber in color. Under the sun, the fruit glows so that you can see the bone. The pulp is slimy, sour-tart. The value of the fruit is in a sharp, pleasant aroma.
Bianca
A winter-hardy, uncovered grape variety is well suited for the Urals and other regions with a temperate climate. The berries are ripening early. In different sources, there is another name for a frost-resistant variety - Bianca or Bianco. The clusters grow small, weighing up to 100 g. The berries are small, spherical, but very sweet. The winter-hardy variety is considered a technical one, since the fruits are usually used for the production of table and fortified wines. Winter-hardy uncovered grapes are suitable for the Rostov region, since the vine can withstand frosts up to - 27aboutC. If the bush is slightly frozen in winter, it will easily recover in spring.
The video provides an overview of Bianca:
Overview of covering winter-hardy varieties
Usually large frost-resistant grape varieties are always covering. The vine can withstand temperatures as low as -27aboutC. Without shelter, bushes are able to grow in warm regions.
Ataman
A fairly frost-resistant grape variety boasts large berries up to 5 cm long. Fruits are oval in shape, strongly elongated. The berry weight reaches 20 g. Ripe fruits become lilac in color with a purple and pink tint. The skin is covered with a bloom of silvery white. The pulp tastes sweet. A moderate presence of acid is felt. The brushes grow large. The mass of one bunch reaches 1 kg. Taking into account this feature, it is necessary to harvest in a timely manner in order to prevent an overload of the winter-hardy bush.
A frost-resistant variety obtained by crossing Rizamata and Talisman. The bunches mature in about 150 days. Harvesting falls in mid-September. Before the winter shelter, the vine is cut and bent to the ground.
Ilya
Conditionally winter-hardy grapes can withstand frosts down to -24aboutFROM.An early frost-resistant variety will delight you with delicious berries after 110 days. The culture was bred in the process of crossing Voskovy with Radiant Kishmish. The berries grow large, elongated. The color of the fruit is light green. In the sun, the skin takes on a golden hue. The mass of the berry is about 20 g. The skin is thin, almost imperceptible when chewed. The berry is about 3 cm long and 2.5 cm wide.
The shape of the bunch is cylindrical, often conical. The mass of the hand reaches 1 kg. The berries are grown for fresh consumption.
Cherry
The early frost-resistant grape varieties are adequately represented by a culture with beautiful berries that look like a cherry. By origin, it is a winter-hardy hybrid obtained from Rizamat and Victoria. The vine can withstand temperatures down to - 25aboutC. Ripening of the crop occurs after 110 days.
Bushes of medium height, not spreading. A frost-resistant culture is rarely affected by diseases. The bunches grow up to 0.5 kg in weight. The berries are round-elongated and tightly collected in a cluster. Fruit diameter is about 2.5 cm. Ripe grapes turn red. The skin is firm, thick, but not rough. The pulp is sweet, not slimy, the taste is felt the aroma of nutmeg.
In memory of Smolnikov
Withstands frost-resistant grapes temperature drop to - 24aboutC. The ripening time of the crop is medium early. The berries are ready to eat 120 days after bud break. The frost-resistant bush is decorative. The bunches grow huge, weighing from 1 to 1.7 kg. The berries are yellow-green in color. The skin is capable of acquiring a pink tan. In length, the fruit grows up to 4 cm, and the diameter reaches 2.5 cm. The pulp is sweet, acid is slightly felt. Sugar contains at least 20%.
Winter-hardy grape bushes are rarely affected by mildew and powdery mildew. The crop lends itself to transportation and storage.
Citron Magaracha
For its intended purpose, the variety of frost-resistant grapes is considered technical and is a hybrid. Ripening of the crop begins in 130 days. Frost-resistant bushes grow medium in size, long, not spreading lashes. The mass of one bunch reaches 0.5 kg. The berries are tightly harvested. The color of the fruit is light green with a golden hue. The skin is covered with a white coating. One berry weighs about 6 g. The taste of the pulp is sweet. The aroma of citrus and nutmeg is felt. The skin is firm, but not thick, easy to chew.
The first harvest is most often used to make Muscat wine. Subsequent ripe bunches gain more sugar. They are used to make dessert wines. In the fall, the vine is necessarily cut off, covered, as it cannot withstand frosts below -25aboutFROM.
Julian
Of the covering varieties, Julian is considered one of the most winter-hardy grapes. The bushes can withstand temperatures as low as -25aboutC. The crop ripens early: in the south - after 90 days, in the middle lane - after 110 days. By design, it is a frost-resistant table variety. The bunches grow large, weighing from 0.6 to 1 kg. Subject to the conditions of agricultural technology, it is possible to grow brushes weighing about 2 kg.
The berries are cylindrical, strongly elongated. On the brush, the fruits are free. The shape of the hand is undefined. One berry weighs about 20 g. When ripe, the fruits are partially golden and pink. Overripe berry becomes lilac in color. The taste has made the variety famous. The berry, crispy when bitten, is very tender and juicy. The peel is not felt when chewed. The pulp is sweet with a bright nutmeg aroma. The wasp is not able to gnaw through the thin skin.
Galahad
Frost-resistant grapes were bred by a domestic breeder. The vine can withstand negative temperatures down to -25aboutC. In terms of ripening, a winter-hardy culture is considered early.In the southern regions, the harvest is harvested after 95 days. For cold regions, the date of picking berries is delayed up to 115 days. On average, the harvest is ready for harvest from the tenth of August. The culture is rarely affected by gray mold, but it is sensitive to powdery mildew, powdery mildew, mildew.
The bunches are medium in size with a loose arrangement of berries. The shape of the brush from the side resembles a triangle. Fruits are yellow-green in color with a golden hue. There is a thin waxy coating on the skin. The fruits are large, elongated, about 3 cm long. The berry mass reaches 12 g. The dense skin is practically not felt when chewing. The pulp is sweet, juicy, not prone to cracking. The crop tolerates transportation well. Berries are eaten fresh or used for juice.
Testimonials
Finishing the review of frost-resistant covering and non-covering grapes, descriptions of varieties, photos, reviews, it is worth listening to the statements of experienced gardeners.
