Content
Kishmish Nakhodka grape is a variety that can surprise its owners, and therefore is constantly in demand. Agrotechnology, resistant to diseases of the grape variety Nakhodka, is simple, but requires care. The find is able to tell what the variety requires to maximize the yield of the crop.
When choosing grapes for a summer cottage from photographs and reviews, you should pay attention to the amazing success of Kishmish Nakhodka grapes - sold by horticultural firms from Kaliningrad to Vladivostok! Love for the variety is associated with the excellent taste of berries, high yield, beauty of the brushes. In addition, Kishmish grapes are able to forgive agrotechnical mistakes. Even with the most inept care, the grapes will retain their "face" - presentation. But Nakhodka will always remind about itself - first with rudiments, then with real bones. For those who have learned to understand it, Nakhodka Kishmish grapes will repay with boundless love.
Pomology
Amateur breeder V.N. Krainov, creating the variety Kishmish Nakhodka, instilled in him the best qualities of his parents (Talisman x Kishmish Radiant). High yield - 6-7 kg per bush. The early ripening period for grapes of the Nakhodka variety is the end of August. A bunch of grapes - 500-700 g, cylindrical conical. Berries - 5-7 g, of equal size.
The pulp of the grapes is sweet, nutmeg in color. The increased acidity of berries is a lack of sun and microelements.
Increased resistance of grape varieties Nakhodka to diseases. Frost resistance - minus 23 ° С.
Landing
The timing of planting grapes of the Nakhodka variety depends on the region: South of the country - spring-autumn; Middle zone of Russia, North - second half, end of May.
Kishmish Nakhodka grapes will be sweet if they get a place to grow near the southern wall or fence. The quality of the fruit of the variety is influenced by the soil. The Nakhodka variety bears fruit well on light fertile sandstones.
Additional processing is required: sand - the introduction of humus, compost at the rate of 2 buckets per 1 sq. m; heavy clay - sand 1 bucket, compost 3 buckets per 1 sq. m.
With a close occurrence of groundwater, the grapes need drainage.
The roots of Kishmish grape varieties develop well in deep loosening soil. To do this, dig a planting hole - 100-120 cm deep, with the sides of a square - 100 cm.If you plan to plant several bushes, then the distance should be between: plants - 150-200 cm, rows - 200-250 cm.
For better water permeability, the bottom is covered with broken red bricks, chopped dry branches, plant residues - with a layer of 20-25 cm. The upper fertile layer mixed with humus is 2-3 buckets, the pit is filled to the middle. The remaining soil mixture will be needed when planting a seedling.
Grape trellis for Kishmish Nakhodka grapes must also be prepared in advance. Support pillars 250 cm high, deepened by 65-70 cm, the distance between them is 250 cm. Galvanized wire with a diameter of 3 mm is fixed in 4 rows. The first one is 40 cm from the ground, the next ones are after 40-50 cm.
For a small vineyard - 2-3 bushes, instead of wire, you can use half-bars 50x50 mm.
Shelter from frost - a simple ditch or a specially knocked down box, for the Nakhodka variety, planted in Central Russia, should be prepared simultaneously with the supports.
At a soil temperature of 10-12 ° C, planting is carried out.The best planting material of Kishmish varieties is considered to be 1-2 year old seedlings with a closed root system, purchased from trusted suppliers.
The handle is removed from the container without breaking the coma. Installed in a hole, filled with the remaining mixture, watered with 1 bucket of water.
The open root system of cuttings of the Kishmish variety requires pruning: intact roots - up to 15 cm, the diseased are cut out completely. 3-4 buds are left on the shoot.
A mound is made in the landing pit. A seedling is placed on the top, spreading the roots along the slopes.
Sprinkle carefully with water - 0.5 buckets, cover with the remaining soil mixture. The grafting site for cuttings of the Kishmish variety should be above ground level. Squeeze the seedling tightly, water - 0.5 buckets, mulch the soil.
Pruning
Kishmish grapes lend themselves well to the formation of a bush, which can be:
- Fanny;
- Cordon;
- Gazebo;
- Sleeveless.
Fan formation is considered convenient for work. Correctly shaped vine bush Kishmish Nakhodka has 4-6 sleeves of different lengths, fanning out from the base.
Fan formation begins from the first year of a seedling of the Nakhodka grape variety, on which 2-3 shoots are left. In the second year, the shoots - before bud break, are cut off, leaving 2-3 eyes. The strongest - future sleeves, are tied up on a trellis, the rest are removed.
In the third year, pruning is carried out based on the presence of shoots. With 4-6 shoots - pruning is carried out to a length of at least 50 cm. When 2 shoots are formed - to a length that can accommodate 3-4 eyes. If the bush has 3 shoots, then 1 is formed as a replacement: 2 - cut to the length of the sleeve, on the replacement - 2-3 eyes are left. Shoots are tied up obliquely - like a fan.
Summer numerous shoots of the Nakhodka variety are broken out, keeping the upper ones on the branches-sleeves. Left - as they grow, tied obliquely to the trellis.
From the shoots at the end of the arms, fruit links are formed in the fourth year. In each, the upper shoot is removed. Of the rest: the lower one is cut into 2-3 eyes, on the other 5-8 eyes are left.
Replacing the grapes with fruit bearing grapes of the Nakhodka variety is prepared from annual shoots with 2-3 eyes left at the base of the bush. Since wounds do not float, pruning should be done carefully, at right angles.
Abandoned shoots of Nakhodka grapes must be well-ripened, of medium thickness, with short internodes, intact, without signs of disease.
Nakhodka grape bushes, sheltered for the winter, are pruned twice. Autumn - preliminary, with the removal of fertile, immature, diseased shoots. Spring - final, forming a bush.
Care
Important stages in the development of Nakhodka grapes are considered the first three years, requiring care. Care for a young bush is provided in a timely manner:
- Watering;
- Loosening;
- Top dressing.
The root system of grapes is deeply penetrating. The Nakhodka grape is drought-resistant. But the bushes of a young vineyard, evaporating 98% of moisture for cooling, require regular watering - without waiting for the leaves to wither.
The lack of moisture can affect adult grape plants of the Nakhodka variety - the formation of the crop is delayed. Excess water slows down the accumulation of sugar, inhibits the growth of shoots.
Loosening, combined with weeding, is carried out after each watering. It requires caution - the young shoots of the Find are easy to damage.
Nakhodka grape bushes grow rapidly, requiring fertilizers for full development.
The best organic fertilizer is compost containing the necessary elements:
- Nitrogen - which ensures the growth of the vine;
- Phosphorus - contributing to the development of a bunch of berries;
- Potassium - accelerates the ripening of vines and fruits.
Compost can be used as mulch - 3-5 cm layer, without fear of overfeeding the grapes.The nutrients in the bound state are taken up by the roots of the Nakhodka grape within the limits of the necessary.
However, the use of mineral fertilizers causing delayed harm to human health is undesirable. The necessary replacement components are contained in wood ash: calcium - 40% potassium - 12%, phosphorus - 6%. And also a set of trace elements - boron, iron, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur, zinc, copper.
Diseases
The grape variety Kishmish Nakhodka is resistant to fungal diseases. However, climatic oddities can provoke infections:
- Mildew - downy mildew;
- Oidium - powdery mildew;
- Phomopsis - black spot;
- Botrytis - gray rot;
- Alternaria;
- Anthracnose.
Nakhodka overfeeding with nitrogen contributes to outbreaks of downy mildew. The outside of the leaves is covered with oily spots. The inner one is whitish. Ovaries, flowers, leaves dry up.
A whitish-gray bloom, which is a sign of powdery mildew, will appear on the leaves with sudden temperature changes. Moving to bunches, it causes cracking of the berries, which rot and dry.
A damp summer can cause the appearance of black spots on the leaf plates of Kishmish grapes. Phomopsis leads to spoilage of berries, death of sleeves.
Dampness causes botrytis - gray rot.
Prolonged humid heat promotes the appearance of brownish spots on the leaves, accompanied by a silvery sheen of the berries. Alternaria causes wrinkling of berries that are poorly stored.
Damp, cool May-June causes anthracnose development. Gray spots on leaves, inflorescences, shoots lead to the death of the crop.
Pests
The victorious march of the Nakhodka grape variety from South to North is accompanied by hordes of insect pests:
- Leaf rollers;
- Shields;
- Pillowcases;
- Grape Itch;
- Phyloxers.
Grape roll is a small moth that lays eggs on buds, foliage, ovaries. Voracious caterpillars can lead to significant crop losses.
Scabbards, like aphids, stick around plants, suck out sap, and weaken bushes.
The pillowcase belongs to the family of false shields. Settling on the underside of the leaves, they feed on sap, emitting a whitish fluff.
Zuden, a felt mite, 0.15–0.2 mm in size, is developing well in the northern territories. Sucking out juices, leaves behind a felt web. Infected leaves dry up. The yield is declining.
Small yellowish aphid - phylloxera, is a quarantine pest. Lives mainly in the southern regions, but movements towards the North of the country are observed. It is carried by planting material, wind, animals. Able to lay several hundred eggs per season. The larvae are gluttonous, sucking juices from the roots. The bush is depleted, quickly dies.
No less damage is done to grape harvests: wasps - eat up the pulp, birds - peck berries.
Protection
The best way to protect Nakhodka grapes is to carry out agrotechnical measures. Correctly formed bushes, planted at a sufficient distance, are well ventilated and illuminated by the sun.
Infusions help to resist sucking insects:
- Garlic - insist a glass of crushed mass for a day, add 50 g of soap, dilute with 10 liters of water;
- Ash - 1 glass of wood ash per 10 liters of water, leave for a week, add 50 g of soap;
- Laundry soap - against gray rot, 100 g of soap per 10 liters of water;
- Milk with iodine - 1 liter x 15 drops of iodine per 10 liters of water;
- Tar soap - a pack of soap for 5 liters of water, against the scabbard.
Nylon mesh, bottles filled with meat broth, sour compote are saved from wasps.
Birds are scared away by ribbons of shiny paper, thin rags of white cloth, vegetable nets.
Shelter
Fallen leaves serve as a signal for pruning of Kishmish Nakhodka grapes, shelter for the winter. The vines are untied from the trellises, collected in bunches, attached to the ground, covered with sawdust. Spruce branches will stop mice.Cover with roofing material, fall asleep with fallen snow, lightly tamp.
Testimonials
Conclusion
Grape Kishmish Nakhodka is resistant to fungal diseases, wasps are affected to a lesser extent. The variety reacts painlessly to erroneous pruning. The only thing that Nakhodka grapes do not tolerate is a disdainful attitude. Then the owner has to spit bones.
