Content
- 1 Is a bee sting dangerous for humans
- 2 How is a bee sting allergy manifested and what to do in such cases
- 3 What is the first aid to the victim with a bee sting
- 4 Why a bee sting is dangerous during pregnancy
- 5 What to do if your leg is swollen after a bee sting
- 6 A bee bit in the head: possible consequences and what to do
- 7 What to do if a bee has bitten on the hand and it is swollen and itchy
- 8 Are bee stings good for you?
- 9 Conclusion
A bee sting is a very unpleasant incident that can happen to a person relaxing in nature. The active substances of bee venom can seriously disrupt the work of various body systems, causing toxic poisoning and allergic reactions. At the same time, most people do not even suspect that they have an allergic reaction to bee venom, which puts their lives at risk even more. It is important to know what actions to take in the event of a bee attack and how to behave depending on where the bite was made.
Is a bee sting dangerous for humans
Of all the hymenoptera (bees, ants, wasps, etc.), it is the bees that pose the greatest danger to humans, since the poison contained in their stings includes the largest variety of various toxins and allergens that are dangerous to humans.
By itself, bee venom or apitoxin is a clear or slightly yellowish liquid with a specific odor.
The composition of bee venom includes the following substances:
- Methylin - the main toxin of the poison, its main active ingredient (content up to 50%). It has the ability to destroy red blood cells, increases vascular permeability, leads to the active release of substances provoking inflammation, negatively affects metabolic processes within the cells and tissues of the body, leads to muscle contractions, etc.
- Apamin - a substance that acts on the nervous system. When ingested, it leads to increased motor activity, stimulates the activity of spinal cord cells, and can lead to disruptions in the transmission of information through the cells of the nervous system.
- Histamine protein - a substance that leads to the release of histamine from mast cells (these are special blood cells). Most often, it is this that leads to allergic manifestations.
- Histamine - causes and intensifies the existing painful sensations. Expands the walls of blood vessels, which leads to swelling and redness.
- Hyaluronidase - thins the blood and other fluids in the body, which contributes to the faster penetration of the poison from the site of the bite into neighboring tissues and organs.
- MSD peptide - is a highly active peptide consisting of two dozen amino acids. Together with histamine protein, it leads to allergies.
The composition of the bee venom can change with the age of the insect. Usually, the venom contains the most methyline by the 10th day of the bee's life, and histamine - after the 35th day of its life. That is, we can say that it is the old bees that most often cause allergies.
With a bee sting, two reactions of the body are observed:
- toxic;
- allergic.
Depending on how each of the reactions proceeds, it is determined how assistance should be provided to the victim. Each of the reactions, depending on the amount of poison, is classified according to its own scale. For example, a toxic reaction can be expressed as follows:
- Encephalitis.
- Malignant myosthenia.
- Mononeuritis.
Allergic reactions have a special nature of the effect on the body, and are also divided into three groups: a reaction of mild severity, moderate or severe. The latter case is actually anaphylactic shock, and without medical assistance is fatal.
Despite the fact that only 0.2 to 0.5% of people (every 200 or every 500) are allergic to bee venom, it is they who fill the statistics of deaths, since either they themselves do not know about their illness, or they receive help untimely.
How a bee stings
A bee sting is located at the end of the abdomen. In the normal state, the sting is hidden inside, and it is not visible. When the insect begins to sense danger, it introduces a little sting from the abdomen.
During the attack, the bee pulls the abdomen under itself, and the sting is put forward. That is why the bees do not need to first sit on the "victim", and only then sting it - the attack can be carried out literally "on the fly."
On the stinger of the bee, there are small notches directed towards the abdomen. Outwardly, they resemble the tip of a harpoon. If a bee stings someone from the world of insects, then after the attack the sting is pulled out of the victim without any problems and the bee saves both it and its life. According to the observations of zoologists, in this way a bee can carry out 6-7 bites without prejudice to its health.
However, when a person or any living creature with soft skin is bitten, everything happens a little differently. The notches prevent the insect from removing the sting from the wound, and the bee has to get rid of it, literally tearing out part of its entrails from itself. After that, the insect dies.
But that is not all. After the bee flew away, leaving the sting in the wound, the sting itself begins to convulsively contract, driving itself deeper and deeper into the skin and injecting more and more poison into the victim's body. That is why you should get rid of the sting sticking out of the bite as soon as possible.
How to remove a bee sting
After a bee sting, you should carefully remove the sting from the skin to remove sources of toxins and allergens from the body. The best way to do this is with tweezers.
In this case, you should not squeeze out the sting, as this will lead to an even faster spread of the poison throughout the body.
Is it possible to die from a bee sting
A single bee sting can only die in case of severe allergies (in fact, from anaphylactic shock) in the absence of medical attention. In other cases, death from a single bee sting is unlikely.
A bee is not able to infect any "vulnerable spot" on the human body (such as a large hornet), the poison contained in one individual is clearly not enough for a toxic reaction to have lethal consequences for the human body.
How many bee stings are fatal to humans
The lethal dose of bee venom from an ordinary domestic bee for an adult is about 200 mg. This is equivalent to being stung by 200 to 500 bees at a time.
Therefore, it is worth avoiding places with a high concentration of bees, in particular, those where they swarm or massively collect honey. And, of course, you shouldn't go idle to the apiaries.
In Central or South America, contact with bees should be generally limited to the maximum: the Africanized bee living there is larger than the usual, domestic bee, about twice as large and very aggressive. Despite the fact that its venom is the same as that of an ordinary bee, due to its high aggressiveness, the number of bites can reach lethal values.
Why bees don't bite the beekeeper
In the statistics of people who have received bee stings, beekeepers themselves are practically absent. On the one hand, this is understandable, because if a beekeeper works in an apiary, then he is dressed in a protective suit and is armed with a smoker, so it is quite problematic for a bee to bite him.
However, not all the time beekeepers spend in their equipment. Nevertheless, there is no secret in this: bees almost never bite beekeepers, since the latter simply know their habits and know how to behave with them.
For example, tips from beekeepers on how to avoid bee stings include the following guidelines:
- you should not wave your hands, shake your hair and make sudden movements;
- if a bee shows excessive interest in a person, you must immediately leave, or run away, since it will not just lag behind;
- you should not use substances that irritate bees: tobacco, alcohol, perfumes.
How is a bee sting allergy manifested and what to do in such cases
An allergic reaction to a bee sting is a very insidious problem. Despite its infrequent prevalence, this disease has one unpleasant manifestation, which is unknown for most allergy sufferers.
The fact is that even in the presence of an allergy to a bee sting, it does not manifest itself in any way after the first sting. In about 1 case out of 100 (meaning out of 100 allergy sufferers), symptoms do not appear on the second bite. But in the subsequent "pleasure" is guaranteed.
That is why most people who are allergic to bees are simply not ready for it, because thinking works like this: "I have already been bitten, I had nothing, I am not threatened." It is this mistake that is the cause of deaths in bee stings.
Like any other disease, an allergic reaction to bee stings has its own classification in the ICD-10 list of diseases: W57 - Bite or sting by non-poisonous insects and other non-poisonous arthropods.
Symptoms of a bee sting allergy depend on the severity of the allergic reaction.
For the first degree: itching, urticaria, swelling (local or extensive), chills or fever, fever, mild malaise, fear.
In addition, similar symptoms can occur against the background of general reactions: shortness of breath, pain in the stomach or intestines, nausea, vomiting and dizziness.
For the second degree in addition to the symptoms of a mild degree of allergy are added: choking, wheezing, lack of associated thoughts, a sense of doom. The general reactions described earlier take on more severe forms of manifestation.
Help in combating an allergic reaction of mild to moderate severity can be provided on your own, but it is better to call an ambulance team anyway, since it is not known how the course of the allergy will go on.
Before the ambulance arrives, you should treat the bite site with an antihistamine for external use (Fenistil, Lokoid, Diphenhydramine, etc.). It is recommended to apply a cold one to the bite site.
The victim is also recommended to give his "duty" remedy for allergies in the form of tablets or syrup (Suprastin, Claritin, etc.)
Before an ambulance arrives, lay the victim horizontally and monitor his condition. You should also regularly measure the rate of respiration and pulse and, in addition, the value of blood pressure. All this information should be reported to the emergency doctor.
Grade III or anaphylactic shock, in addition to these symptoms, includes a drop in blood pressure, collapse, defecation, loss of consciousness.
One of the manifestations of shock with a bee sting may be angioedema or Quincke's edema. In this case, part of the face, the whole face or limb is enlarged. Usually, the disease manifests itself in places where subcutaneous tissue eats - in the area of the lips, eyelids, oral mucosa, etc. This does not change the color of the skin and there is no itching. Quincke's edema usually disappears after a few hours or within 2-3 days.
Edema can spread to the lining of the larynx and cause difficulty in breathing, or even its complete stop due to obstruction of the airways. The consequence of this is hypercapnic coma and death. In the case of milder symptoms, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and increased peristalsis are observed.
Since, in fact, Quincke's edema is an ordinary urticaria, but located deep under the skin, the measures taken to neutralize it are somewhat similar to the fight against urticaria. The only difference is that they must be accepted immediately.
First aid for angioedema:
- Call an ambulance.
- Stop contact between the patient and the allergen (bee venom).
- It is necessary to apply a pressure bandage above the bee sting site. If this is not possible (for example, the bite was in the neck), ice or a compress should be applied to the wound.
- Unbutton the patient's clothes.
- Provide fresh air.
- Give the patient several tablets of activated charcoal.
What is the first aid to the victim with a bee sting
First aid for a bee sting consists of the following measures:
- The victim should sit down or lie down.
- It is necessary to remove the sting with the remains of the poison from the wound.
- After removing the sting, it is necessary to disinfect the wound. To do this, you can use alcohol, furacilin solution, hydrogen peroxide or brilliant green.
- Treat the skin around the bite with a topical antihistamine. Many sting medications contain anesthetics to help numb the sting of the bee.
- Give the victim an antihistamine in the form of tablets, and then an abundant warm drink in the form of tea with a sufficient amount of sugar.
If the symptoms of allergy after the bite have symptoms of the second or third degree of severity, an ambulance must be called.
Why a bee sting is dangerous during pregnancy
The main danger with a bee sting during pregnancy is that there are restrictions on the drugs used to eliminate its consequences in the form of toxic poisoning or an allergic reaction.
That is, it is quite possible that a pregnant woman will not be able to quickly stop the development of an allergic reaction, since many conventional antihistamines (and not only them) may be prohibited for her.
In case of a bee sting during pregnancy, you should immediately consult the doctor who is being monitored and get advice from him on what to do in this situation. There is no universal answer to this question, since the course of pregnancy, as well as therapy with it, and other nuances are too individual.
However, in the case of a clear manifestation of the following symptoms:
- swelling of a large area;
- shortness of breath;
- dizziness;
- pain in the chest and abdomen;
- nausea;
- tachycardia;
you should not only inform your doctor, but also call an ambulance, since the presence of at least two of them is a sure sign of impending anaphylactic shock.
In addition, pregnant women with bee stings, regardless of whether they are allergic or not, are prohibited from using the following drugs:
- Aspirin;
- Diphenhydramine;
- Advantan.
Bee sting behavior during lactation repeats all advice and measures recommended during pregnancy.
What to do if your leg is swollen after a bee sting
The sequence of actions that must be performed if a bee has bitten in the leg and it is swollen does not particularly differ from the general recommendations for bee stings.First, as usual, the stinger is removed with the remains of the poison and the wound is antiseptic.
Depending on the severity of the allergic reaction, it is necessary to decide whether to see a doctor or call an ambulance. To relieve swelling, it is recommended to use some soothing ointment (for example, hydrocortisone), as well as apply a loose gauze bandage over the wound.
If the swelling is noticeable enough, then ice or a cold compress should be applied to it. You should also take an antihistamine that is currently on hand by mouth. Paracetamol or Ibuprofen can be used to relieve pain symptoms.
A bee bit in the head: possible consequences and what to do
The consequences of those cases when a bee is bitten in the head can be much more serious than stings in other parts of the body. The proximity of a large number of nerve and blood highways, as well as the respiratory tract (especially in the neck and eyes) makes the head the most vulnerable place for a bee attack.
If, for example, a bee has bitten on the forehead, then it is practically harmless. If a bee has bitten in the nose or ear, then the danger of such injuries is slightly higher, but in any case it does not pose a threat to life. Much more serious are bee stings in the neck, eyes and lips, since bites and edema are located in the vicinity of vital organs and systems of the body.
What to do if a bee is bitten in the ear
The main problem with a bee sting in the ear is the difficulty in pulling out the stinger. It is better not to do this yourself, you need to contact a qualified specialist. If this is not near, you should apply a cotton swab moistened with alcohol or vodka to the bite, drink a Suprastin tablet (or any antihistamine) and contact the first-aid post.
The rest of the actions are similar to those previously described.
What to do if a bee is bitten in the neck
A bee sting in the neck is much more dangerous than a sting in the limb. Before providing first aid, you should call a doctor. This is due to the fact that swelling in the neck can provoke a blockage of the airways.
Next, you should free the victim's clothes as much as possible, giving him the opportunity to breathe freely. Moreover, it is better to take it out into the open air. The victim should be given an antihistamine and a cold compress should be applied to the edema.
The compress can consist of a tincture of calendula, aloe, or onion. However, usually nothing of this is at hand, so ordinary ice is used for these purposes.
As with all allergic manifestations, an abundant sweet and warm drink is recommended to the victim.
How to remove swelling from a bee sting on your face
The means available to everyone will help relieve swelling from a bee sting on the face. In this case, it is recommended to use gels such as Moskitol or Fenistil. If there are no such drugs, any antihistamine ointment will work to prevent additional damage to the skin and relieve irritation. To remove the swelling from a bee sting under the eyes on the second day, you can use compresses from lavender or calendula.
How to relieve swelling if a bee is bitten in the eye
It is better not to treat a bee sting in the eye yourself. With this kind of injury, you should immediately go to a hospital of the appropriate profile. Because toxic effects alone can be enough to cause loss of vision.
To remove the puffiness around the eye with a bee sting in the skin of the face, you can use any of the previously described methods.
What to do if a bee bit on the lip
If a bee has bitten on the tongue or lip, then in case of allergy to bee stings, it is imperative to call a doctor, since swelling of the lip or tongue can block the airways. The sequence of actions is like a bite in the neck. First, the poison is removed, then antiseptic treatment is performed.Further - external and internal antihistamine treatment. Painkillers may be used in the background.
First aid for a bee sting in the tongue
Help is provided in the same way as for lip bites.
What to do if a bee has bitten on the hand and it is swollen and itchy
Recommendations for bee stings in the hand almost completely repeat the list of measures that must be taken in case of damage from leg bites. Differences will only be with finger bites.
Itching after a bee sting can be removed by treating the affected area with alcohol, lemon juice, ammonia solution or ordinary vodka.
If the hand is swollen after a bee sting, it is necessary to treat the bite site with an external antihistamine cream (it is better if it contains an anesthetic) and take an antihistamine inside.
If the swelling is bothersome, ice or a cold compress should be applied.
What to do if a bee has bitten on your finger
If a bee stung a finger, then the first thing to do is to remove the rings from all fingers, since the development of puffiness will not allow this to be done in the future. The rest of the actions are similar to those that are done for bites in the arms or legs.
Are bee stings good for you?
Naturally, there are. Bee stings are traditionally used in folk medicine. Treatment with bee venom, apitoxin therapy, is the most important method of apiterpaia (the science of using bee products for medicinal purposes).
Bee stings are used to treat the musculoskeletal system, nervous system, immune system, etc. Often bee venom, together with honey and propolis, is used to treat diseases of the cardiovascular system, skin, etc.
In addition, bee venom is included in many drugs of classical (scientific) medicine - apicofor, virapine, etc.
Conclusion
A bee sting is a rather unpleasant trauma, however, you should not make a tragedy out of it. Its toxic effect is minimal, and even the bites of several dozen of these insects will not cause much harm. However, in the case of allergies, the reaction can be much more serious. Therefore, it is necessary not only to always have anti-allergenic agents on hand, but also to be ready to provide first aid to those who are prone to such diseases.
