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Bleeding in cows can occur at different times. After calving, the blood of a cow does not always stop immediately. At other times, bleeding can be an indicator of illness or other problems.
Why does a cow have spotting
A cow can bleed for a variety of reasons. In the pasture, the animal can swallow a solid object, which will scratch the intestines when it leaves. Blood will be released along with the feces.
The mucous membrane in the nose of a cow is very sensitive to shocks, infections, mechanical damage. There can be many reasons. Before treatment, you need to accurately determine the cause of the blood from the nose:
- getting objects into the nostrils;
- the use of medical instruments;
- the appearance of tumors;
- contagious infections;
- non-communicable diseases;
- metabolic changes;
- pulmonary and gastric diseases;
- reproduction of parasites.
Blood from the vagina. It does not always accompany diseases and is often a completely physiological phenomenon.
Some bloody secretions are dangerous, while others are quite harmless in different groups of cows.
Bleeding from a pregnant cow
Early diagnosis of pregnancy is important for animal husbandry. The shortened service period reduces the costs of dairy farms. At the moment, there are several types of determination of pregnancy in an animal - ultrasound diagnostics, rectal and hormonal methods. In Russia, it is the rectal method that has become widespread.
Its advantages are the definition of pregnancy and functional disorders in infertility. Cons - laboriousness, the need for the presence of an experienced veterinarian, pregnancy period from 2 to 3 months.
Bleeding from a cow during pregnancy may be the result of unsuccessful insemination. Possible manifestations of vaginitis (endometritis). Secrets in these diseases of the uterus can be purulent and without exudate. The onset of the disease is characterized by transparent sputum streaked with blood.
Blood from the vagina before calving may indicate the onset of an early to mid-term abortion. Most often it occurs 2-3 weeks after insemination. This can be the result of placental abruption and fetal death. Sometimes, even after bleeding, pregnancy persists before calving, but fetal development occurs with complications. In the later stages of calving, miscarriage is possible.
Often, blood comes after insemination. It's not scary. If the bleeding lasts no more than one day, this may indicate a slight damage to the vessels caused by the procedure. There are several reasons for this:
- improper nutrition;
- chronic untreated inflammation after previous calving.
For prolonged bleeding, you should call your veterinarian. Ovulation can cause minor short-term bleeding. With an increase in the uterus, small vessels are torn on the first day. This phenomenon indicates a readiness for mating.
Prenatal flow of mucus with blood indicates vascular damage when the calf moves along the birth canal. This pathology is treated after calving. After checking the uterus, washing with furacilin or potassium permanganate is carried out. To fight bacteria, vaginal or rectal suppositories with an antibiotic are prescribed.
If a pregnant cow is bleeding, and the vaginal secretions are brown before the birth of a calf, this indicates severe internal bleeding due to extensive damage to the birth canal. Uniform discharge indicates vaginal bleeding. The appearance of blood clots means the presence of uterine bleeding - it is life-threatening for the cow. In this case, the fetus and the afterbirth are pulled out manually after calving, and the cow is injected with saline solution with glucose.
Incorrect position of the fetus with the hooves up can also lead to uterine bleeding with brown discharge.
The hotel requires childbirth and hand turning the calf. If this is not possible, surgery should be sought.
Bloody discharge in a cow after calving
Most of the blood from the vagina is associated with calving. The incidence of endometritis becomes the basis of inflammation of the walls of the uterus. The vagina secretes mucus from day 4 with blood streaks. Over time, the amount of mucus secreted increases. There is more blood in it. The secrets themselves change color to a reddish-brown hue. The animal's temperature rises with a decrease in appetite and loss of strength.
Diagnosis of the disease gives off edema of the uterus with blood fluid at the bottom. Acute endometritis can turn into a chronic disease without timely treatment.
The second most important reason is the absence of the placenta after calving. May be complete or incomplete. This becomes the cause of the strongest inflammation in the animal. It is necessary to help the cow and pull out the afterbirth manually no later than in a day. The retained placenta can begin to rot and decompose. In this case, the animal may die.
The next reason may be the release of lochia containing mucus, blood and uterine particles. At the very beginning, they come out in the form of blood clots, then the amount of mucus increases. The absence of lochia within 4-5 days after calving speaks of endometritis disease.
Purulent lochia with an unpleasant putrid odor is a sign of purulent-catarrhal endometritis. The cow suffers from increased secretions, the amount of milk decreases. Treat the disease by injecting the hormone oxytocin and the drug Rifapol.
Discharge of blood with dirty yellow blotches is a sign of fibrous endometritis. The appearance of flakes in the discharge serves as an indicator of the urgency of treatment. A neglected disease threatens with blood poisoning.
Heavy calving can lead to necrotizing metritis.
Necrosis spreads to the muscles. Ulcers appear. Crumbs are formed with the blood. The cow is weak. If you miss the treatment of the disease, then paralysis develops.
Neglected cases turn into metritis - a deadly condition. In the absence of urgent treatment, the cow dies after a few days.
What to do if a cow has bleeding
When blood appears, the source and hazard to the animal must be determined. The cow has multiple placenta, which reduces the risk of miscarriage. With minor bleeding, blood accumulates between the placentas, and then dissolves.
Help with uterine bleeding should be provided immediately after delivery. During the removal of the placenta, the problem is stopped immediately, or after the end of this procedure.
To reduce blood loss from the uterus, drugs are injected that cause it to contract. With significant bleeding, drugs are administered intravenously to support the work of the heart.
Prevention of blood loss from the uterus consists in a careful attitude to the birth canal of the animal and in reducing the trauma of surgical interventions.
Pregnant cows need to be prepared for calving. To do this, regularly examine them, give good food. Periodic check-ups to prevent vaginitis and endometritis can help reduce postpartum complications.Timely piercing of the animal with vitamin complexes will help reduce the risk of uterine inflammation. They will increase the body's resistance to infections by increasing immunity.
Conclusion
If a cow has blood after calving, this does not mean that the animal is sick. A decrease in the intensity of bleeding indicates the normal functioning of the body or the frivolity of the disease. With an increase in spotting or an increase in the level of red fibers in the mucus, you should pay attention to the onset of inflammation. The cow must be treated immediately.
