Today in Russia there are relatively few sheep breeds related to the meat sector. There are practically no breeds of meat only at all. As a rule, breeds that can give a good slaughter yield of meat are either meat-greasy or meat-wool directions. The latter also includes the semi-fine fleece breed of Kuibyshev sheep.
The development of the Kuibyshev breed began in the second half of the 30s of the 20th century. This breed was bred in the Kuibyshev region by crossing Romney-marsh rams and Cherkasy ewes with further breeding of hybrids in themselves. Work on the breed lasted from 1936 to 1948. As a result, a sheep was obtained, capable of producing wool of a relatively high quality and a fairly high percentage of meat from the carcass.
Breed standard
Kuibyshev sheep are large animals with massive bones. The constitution is strong. The legs are of medium length, firm and well set.
The head is wide, characterized by a fleece covering up to the line of the eyes. There are no horns.
The body is long, barrel-shaped. The back, loin and sacrum are wide. The top line of the body is flat. In general, the shape of the body corresponds to the characteristics of the meat breed. The chest is deep and broad. The tail is docked.
The average weight of rams is 102 kg, ewes are 72 kg. Slaughter meat yield from 52 to 55%. 8-9-month-old young animals yield up to 39 kg of meat.
The breed has good coat characteristics. Shearing from a ram is 5.5 kg, from a ewes 4.1 kg. Net wool yield 55 ± 1%. The wool is of good quality, it is uniform, fineness 46-56 qualities and is located just in the middle of the line that determines the fineness quality.
Kuibyshev sheep are often said to look like a ball of wool. The description of the breed according to the standard corresponds to this figurative comparison. The Kuibyshev breed of sheep is distinguished by a significant overgrowth of the legs, although it is inferior in this respect to the merino breeds of rams. The standard is for the coat to extend to the wrist joint on the forelegs and to the hock joint on the hind legs.
A year after the last haircut, the wool of this breed should be at least 11 cm long.The length of 15 cm is considered optimal.In the one-year-old Kuibyshev young, the wool length reaches 12 cm.
The disadvantage of almost all sheep is constantly dirty wool due to the fact that dirt and manure stick to it when the flock is kept in a fairly close room, and grease secreted by the skin is retained. If you wash a Kuibyshev sheep, you will find that a pleasant color with a bluish tint will be added to the standard characteristics of its wool.
Sheep of the Kuibyshev breed at the All-Russian Sheep Exhibition in Elista:
Content
The Kuibyshev breed of sheep is adapted to life in the sharply continental climate of the steppe Volga region. She tolerates winters well and does not need a warm room for wintering. Basic requirement: dry bedding and no gaps in the barn. No less well this breed tolerates the summer heat, which is especially important due to the belonging of these sheep to the semi-fine-fleece group.
Sheep have strong hooves that need either natural grinding during prolonged grazing on hard rocky ground, or regular trimming of the grown hoof horn. The hooves are trimmed every 6 to 8 weeks. Otherwise, the hooves grow, turning into "skis", and prevent the sheep from walking. The result is usually lameness.
Diet and feeding
In the first place, like any herbivore, hay or fresh grass is in the diet of sheep. Lactating ewes are best fed ad libitum without limiting their hay needs. During lactation, the body of the uterus depletes its resources, the animal loses weight a lot, even when receiving the maximum possible amount of food. For this reason, even those ewes that can bring lambs at any time of the year are not recommended to happen more often than once a year. The body must have time to recover, and the uterus must be fattened. Single animals, young animals and rams-producers are given hay at the rate of 2-4 kg per day.
In addition to hay, sheep are provided with succulent feed: fodder beets, pumpkins, squash, carrots. Succulent forage improves the digestibility of roughage, which, along with straw and chaff, also includes hay.
In the case of giving animals straw instead of hay, one should try to provide them with juicy feed and concentrates, since the straw contains practically no nutrients. The best types of straw are legume, oat, barley and millet straw.
Also in the diet of sheep include mineral supplements: salt, feed chalk, bone and meat and bone meal, - and vitamins. These components are especially important if animals receive straw instead of hay.
In summer they try to graze the flock on the grass. At this time, you can reduce vitamin supplements, leaving salt and minerals in the diet.
Breeding
Kuibyshev sheep are not highly fertile. The number of lambs per hundred ewes is 130 - 145 heads. Due to the infertility of ewes, lambs of this breed gain weight well and grow stronger than their counterparts of other breeds, bringing 2-3 lambs per lamb.
Most sheep breeds are seasonally bred, bringing lambs in the spring. Ewes are often seen in August - September, with the expectation that the lambs are born in the spring, when the green grass appears. In more northerly regions, it is better to hatch sheep later, since the grass appears there later. In particular, the manifesto of Peter the Great contained the requirement to send sheep into the flock only from October 26. Therefore, sheep owners will have to independently regulate the mating time. In the southern regions, ewes should be brewed earlier, so that the lambs have time to eat herbs before it burns out. In the northern ones, later, so that the lambs do not have to be in a dark and cramped barn for a long time instead of pasture.
The sheep hunt lasts 38 hours. That is why, during the mating period, the ram must constantly be in the flock. He certainly doesn't miss. For one ram, 60 ewes can be determined. If insemination has not occurred, the sheep comes back into heat after 17 ± 1 days.
It is important not to overfeed ewes, as in this case, their fertility decreases. Fatty rams also do not have high seed quality. It is also impossible to starve animals, ewes in poor condition often remain barren.
Conclusion
Kuibyshevskaya sheep is advantageous in that from it you can get not only traditional wool, and quite high quality, but also a significant amount of tasty meat. In addition, this breed produces robust, disease-resistant offspring. When choosing a sheep breed suitable both for obtaining high-quality wool and for meat, owners of personal farmsteads should pay attention to the time-tested Kuibyshev breed.
