Content
The problem of preserving young animals is always relevant. Infectious diseases and birth injuries are still a challenge for Russian veterinary medicine. Umbilical sepsis, which develops after calving, is especially dangerous.
Why umbilical sepsis is dangerous
An acute course is fraught with the death of the calf in just a few days. Moving into the chronic stage, umbilical sepsis ceases to be life-threatening, but affects health:
- Lungs and calf joints are quickly affected.
- Insufficient blood circulation and alkalization of the blood leads to hemological diseases.
- Infection of the cardiovascular system threatens with a decrease in blood pressure and tachycardia. In the future, myocarditis and pericarditis develops. As a result, the heart muscle begins to malfunction.
- Complications from the respiratory system are fraught with insufficiency and ischemia of the lung.
- On the part of the liver, umbilical sepsis threatens with toxic hepatitis.
- The functions of the gastrointestinal tract are impaired. This leads to catastrophic weight loss and dehydration as a result of prolonged diarrhea.
- On the wound, areas of tissue necrosis are found.
- Metastases develop in various organs. Neoplasms in the lungs threaten with purulent gangrene and severe pneumonia. Damage to parts of the brain spills over into meningitis, which sometimes leads to death.
Causes of umbilical sepsis in calves
Umbilical sepsis is more often recorded in calves aged 1-10 days. It often appears inside the farm, rather than being brought in from the outside. The main causes of the disease:
- The introduction of pathogenic microflora into the umbilical cord in case of unsanitary conditions at the hotel. An open wound promotes the rapid development of sepsis. It arises from direct contact with a dirty bedding or unsterile hands of maintenance personnel.
- Infection when the drug is injected into the navel during calving. This manipulation is usually associated with the revitalization of the fetus.
- Increased permeability of the skin of the fetus as a result of prematurity or malformations.
- Immaturity of the vessels of the umbilical cord or central nervous system.
- Decreased resistance to infections with inadequate feeding of the cow.
Symptoms of umbilical inflammation in calves
The first signs of umbilical sepsis appear quickly. This form of the disease is called septicemia. It is characterized by the presence of a large number of bacteria and toxins.
Already 8-12 hours after calving, we observe the following symptoms:
- The umbilical cord is thickened, painful.
- The body temperature rises by 0.5-1.5 degrees, constipation begins.
- The umbilical wound does not heal well.
- Suppuration in the navel. The presence of deep abscesses without clear boundaries is phlegmon.
- Refusal to suck the udder.
- Stop gaining weight.
- Skin with pustular eruptions and hemorrhages.
- Dyspnea.
- Convulsions are possible.
Diagnostics of the umbilical sepsis
Diagnosis of umbilical sepsis is carried out according to anamnestic data during calving, clinical, pathological signs. The main diagnostic tests are changes in the umbilical cord and the surrounding area. Umbilical sepsis is diagnosed based on the following data:
- symptoms of the umbilical cord - the navel swells in the calf;
- bacterial crops,
- blood tests for aerobic, anaerobic bacteria;
- the condition of the skin, the presence of pustules and hemorrhages;
- frequency and rhythm of breathing.
All tests are performed at the peak of the disease. Sepsis should be distinguished from similar diseases. First of all, from dyspepsia, dysentery, enterobacterial infection. The difficulty of determining at the initial stage of the disease is the similarity of symptoms to other pathologies - typhoid fever, lymphogranulomatosis, tuberculosis, brucellosis.
Treatment of umbilical cord inflammation in the calf
Treatment of navel inflammation in a calf is carried out according to several schemes after determining the sensitivity of microflora to an antibiotic:
- Intramuscular injection of the drug for 3-6 days. Initially, Seledan is used at a dose of 10 μg / kg of calf weight. The first and fifth day - the introduction of 2 ml of Trivit. Pierce intraperitoneally with novocaine on days 1 and 4.
- According to the second scheme, antibiotics are injected intramuscularly and to the base of the navel in the first 2 days. 3-6 days are used only intramuscularly. Further - according to the scheme No. 1.
- Third scheme. Similarly to the first - the introduction of Seledan on day 1 and Trivit on days 1, 5. Novocaine in the first 3 days is pierced around the navel, in 1 and 4 days - injected intraperitoneally near the right hungry fossa.
- There is a method of treatment by administering streptomycin and penicillin. However, it is ineffective. In addition, it does not relieve pain, does not increase the protective functions of the body. Streptomycin and penicillin are toxic, they kill not only the pathogenic, but in general the entire microflora. With their introduction, pain is reduced by the addition of a solution of novocaine.
- To reduce labor intensity, antibiotic injections are used with a single injection of novocaine into the peritoneum at a dose of 1 ml / kg of body weight. 5-7 days intramuscular injection of streptomycin with penicillin or gentamicin is given. Supplement with 300,000 units of streptomycin dissolved with novocaine. The introduction of novocaine increases lymphocytes by 41.7% with a simultaneous increase in erythrocytes. The duration of the disease in calves is reduced from 6.2 days to 5.8. The therapeutic efficiency of this method was 97.5%.
Before the introduction of injections, it is necessary to sanitize the focus of infection - antibacterial treatment with antiseptics, surgical removal of necrosis. For dehydration, intravenous administration of solutions is used.
Symptomatic treatment for bleeding - vitamins C, K. In case of heart disorders, caffeine is used.
During the period of umbilical sepsis disease in calves, treatment is carried out in a disinfected room. The animal is provided with a clean bedding, limited from contact with urine and feces. Injuries to the navel are unacceptable. Sick animals are isolated.
Preventive actions
The calf should be wiped with a clean cloth immediately after birth. If the navel does not spontaneously break, cut it off with a sterile instrument. After that, remove wartons jelly - a jelly-like layer of the umbilical cord. Treat the place with classic antiseptics.
Calf owners must keep the area clean. During the provision of obstetric care, the veterinarian must observe sterility and accuracy during surgical interventions. Antiseptic treatment of the navel should be carried out carefully.
Conclusion
Umbilical sepsis in a calf is a serious infectious disease. Treatment must begin immediately with the removal of pus and necrosis. Advanced sepsis can be fatal or serious. Sepsis can be prevented by observing sanitary and hygienic standards.
