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In the wild, Fortune's euonymus is a low-growing, creeping plant no higher than 30 cm. The historical homeland of the shrub is China. In Europe, it is grown relatively recently. Due to its frost resistance and the ability not to shed leaves in the autumn, Fortune is used in landscape design.
Description of Fortune's spindle tree
Fortune's euonymus in Latin Euonymus fortunei (alluring with beauty), became the basis for breeding work to develop new plant varieties. They have found wide application in the design of sites, recreation areas, city squares and parks. The undersized shrub attracted the attention of botanists for its exotic color of leaves, decorativeness of the bush and the ability to preserve the crown for the entire winter period.
A distinctive feature of Fortune is the unusual color of the foliage, which depends on the plant variety and the season. There are evergreen species with no color change in autumn. Others change their color drastically. The common shade of the crown is emerald green with yellow patches on the leaf or dark green with silvery fragments. Leaves, elongated up to 5 cm in length, are closely located along the stem, visually, the shrub has a lush shape without gaps.
Poisonous plant or not Fortune's euonymus
By the fall, the plant has fruits with a high concentration of toxic substances. Poisonous berries are not used for food. Selective shrub varieties rarely bear fruit. Fortune blooms profusely in the wild, with inconspicuous greenish flowers. The formation of inflorescences on a creeping plant occurs in regions with a warm climate. Therefore, euonymus can be considered poisonous only half. The sap of the plant is non-toxic, it practically does not bloom, there are no inflorescences and fruits. In general, Fortune's euonymus (Euonymus fortunei) is safe.
Fortune spindle tree height
In the southern latitudes, Fortchuna euonymus of the selection species grows up to 60 cm, in the natural environment - 30 cm. Lateral shoots can reach up to 3 m, regardless of the type of shrub. Nodular formations are formed along the stem, they become the basis for root growth. If you put a support near Fortchun's euonymus and direct the growth of lateral shoots, the plant will rush up. In this way, all kinds of forms are created on the site.
Winter hardiness of Fortchun's euonymus
On the territory of the Russian Federation, the range of the species is the Far East, the European part of Russia, southern latitudes. Thanks to the ability:
- withstand a drop in temperature to -25 ° C;
- unpretentious care;
- tolerate drought, without constant watering.
Forchuna's euonymus is capable of growing practically throughout Russia, except for regions with risky farming. The plant is in demand among professional designers, the shrub is not popular among gardeners, it is treated as an exotic for an amateur.
Fortune's eonymus in landscape design
Forchuna's euonymus ornamental trees and shrubs are used by designers in the design of the territory. A groundcover works well for:
- For landscaping city parks, alleys, squares.
- Like an imitation of lawns.
- Creation of hedges.
- Border designations.
On the site, with the right location, you can create a fantastic picture of bizarre shapes. The euonymus densely spreads along the ground, does not allow weed grass to grow. This feature is used in the design of the base of the flower bed. When solving the problem of creating a border between zones, Fortune with colorful leaf coloring will be a godsend for designers and gardeners.
An evergreen shrub in early spring will give the garden a neat look, as a background accent in a composition with plants of different flowering periods. Visually emphasize the uniqueness of the palette. The shrub is used in almost all style directions. It is part of the composition of flowers and low-growing trees. It is planted in a group of different varieties or as a single plant. Areas of application of euonymus:
- alpine slides;
- framing wooden benches along the alley;
- around the gazebo;
- artificial reservoirs in the personal plot;
- outline the paths and the parameter of the fountain.
Medium-sized euonymus bushes are placed in order to form bosquet (woods), using the method of artistic haircut, they create silhouettes of animals, castles, compositions for any flight of imagination.
Shrubs planted in parallel create a sense of solemnity and order. Forchuna during the lush vegetation of flower crops is an auxiliary background, in late autumn and winter it is the main one. Especially popular is Fortchun's euonymus in the Moscow region in summer cottages and in the territories of country houses.
Fortune euonymus varieties
Fortune's euonymus has more than 150 species, some of them are used to decorate the territory as a ground cover option, others in the form of vertical landscaping methods. The most popular varieties in design, which can often be found in recreation areas, city flower beds, and private territories.
Fortune's euonymus Emerald Gold
Fortune's euonymus "Emerald gold" (golden emerald) is a low-growing shrub up to 40 cm, used in vertical gardening, can climb a support up to 2 m. Vegetation of the variety is long, the end point of growth of euonymus reaches 5 years after planting. Emerald gold variety is a frost-resistant plant without additional root system cover easily tolerates low temperatures (-23 ° C).
External description:
- leaves of medium size, in the form of an elongated oval with a pointed end;
- the structure is rigid, the surface is glossy, the sheet is slightly carved along the edge;
- the color is two-tone, the dominant tone is bright yellow with light green fragments in the middle;
- by autumn, the color scheme changes to dark red with a brown tint, the surface color is monochromatic;
- branches are hard, of medium thickness, intensely leafy;
- in southern latitudes it blooms with nondescript green flowers;
- fruits are bright red, rounded.
Euonymus Fortune Emerald Haiti
Fortune's eonymus "Emerald gaiety" is one of the popular varieties. Distributed in regions with a temperate climate. The most frost-resistant species of euonymus. Unlike other species, it does not stop growing in shaded areas on the north side. An evergreen shrub does not shed foliage for the winter, it only changes their palette.
A low-growing Forchuna plant no higher than 30 cm, forms densely growing shoots of 1.5 m with intense foliage. The crown is lush, rounded, without gaps.
Designers are attracted by the decorativeness of Fortune's crown:
- sheet size 3 cm;
- elliptical shape;
- the surface is painted in a bright green color along the edge of a white border, this combination gives the euonymus a neat, elegant look;
- the color changes by winter, the leaves acquire a solid pink color;
- stems are thin, flexible when in contact with the ground, root well.
Looks harmoniously in combination with flower cultures. The euonymus is used to decorate the borders, the edges of the ridges, and the voids in the flowerbed. Used in design as a ground cover plant.
Eonymus Fortune Harlequin
Euonymus (Euonymus fortunei Harlequin) is a dwarf variety, one of the smallest of the species. It does not grow in height more than 25 cm. In the design, the territory plays the role of the foreground. Full-fledged owner of city flower beds, parks, recreation areas. Ideal in disguising the unaesthetic appearance of urban communications.
Fortune is formed by a large number of thin herbaceous shoots, abundantly leafy. The decorative appearance of the plant is given by bright green, oval leaves, on the surface with fragments of specks of white, beige, yellow tones. By autumn, the leaves become a light pink color.
In the south, the plant blooms with waxy inflorescences in the form of a green or beige ball. The fruits are bright red. The plant does not tolerate excess ultraviolet radiation, in an area open to the sun, leaf burns are possible. Not suitable for growing in temperate climates. "Harlequin" euonymus is not frost-resistant.
Fortune's euonymus Silver Queen
The variety of euonymus Silver Queen is used in the design of the territory as a creeping shrub and in the form of a liana-like plant. One of the few representatives of the species, whose shoots grow up to 45 cm at the time of the seasonal growing season. The bush does not stop growing in the shade and in the sun. Doesn't require any special care. Unpretentious to temperature extremes, frost-resistant, tolerates drought well. Distribution area European part of Russia. Silver Queen is a selection variety with a height of 70 cm.
External description of the variety Beresclet Fortune "Silver Queen":
- the plant does not shed leaves;
- the crown is dense, spherical;
- easily climbs onto trellises;
- stems are light pink, strong, elastic;
- leaves are oval, slightly elongated, painted in a rich green color with a pronounced white border along the edge;
- the surface of the leaves is glossy, waxy, hard.
In autumn, the bush takes on a dark red color. This variety practically does not bloom and does not bear fruit. It is used in the design in the form of a hedge, for the formation of bosquets, reservoirs.
Fortune Sunspot euonymus
Euonymus Sunspot euonymus "Sun Bunny" is a low-growing creeping plant 25 cm high. Shoots are about 1.2 m. Small leaves on the shoots are densely located, forming a lush spherical crown. The variety grows quickly (30 cm per year), frost-resistant, does not require lighting. The shaded place does not affect the decorative effect of the shrub.
Leaves 2.5 cm with a dark green color with a bright yellow spot at the base, similar to a sun glare. Grown in the Far East, in Siberia for the design of the first plan of flower beds. Combines harmoniously with tall shrubs, flowering crops. It is used for framing fountains, curbs, alpine slides.
Euonymus Fortune Coloratus
The undersized variety Coloratus is recognized as the best for growing in the shade of trees. In the sun and without it, the plant feels equally comfortable. Forms a multiple number of shoots, which at a height of half a meter create a continuous covering from the crown. Easily climb up a tree trunk or a specially installed support. This variety of euonymus can reach 5 m in height. Creates the appearance of a green solid cascade.
Leaves of a monochromatic light green color, up to 5 cm in diameter, with an opposite arrangement on the stem. In landscape design, euonymus is used for a green accent in rockeries among stones, a suitable variety for hedges, rabatok, rock garden.
Planting and caring for Fortune's spindle tree
Euonymus is planted in early spring or autumn. For temperate climates, late planting is not recommended, the plant does not have enough time to root.Most of the varieties safely tolerate low temperatures, a young bush planted in the fall with a weak root system may die. It is better to plant the plant in a pot and place it indoors, transfer it to a permanent place in the spring.
Forchun's spindle tree landing rules
The plant has a superficial root system that does not require a significant deepening of the planting pit. Its size corresponds to the size of the root of a young plant, it must completely fit in the hole, to the edge of at least 10 cm. Planting algorithm.
- Drainage (pebbles, small stones) is laid at the bottom of a pre-prepared pit.
- Sod soil is mixed with compost and river sand.
- A seedling is placed vertically, covered with soil, taking into account that the root collar remains above the surface.
- The root circle is mulched with humus, sawdust, peat.
Planting work is carried out in April or late September.
Watering and feeding
Forchun's euonymus is a drought-resistant plant, for a certain time it can do without watering. Moisture deficiency will not cause the death of the plant, but the growing season will slow down. If in the summer there are heavy rains three times a month, additional irrigation is not required for the shrubs.
The euonymus is watered immediately after placement on the site. In the dry season, the plant is watered as the soil dries out. If sawdust was used as mulch, the moisture in the root circle will last longer.
So that the plant does not lose its decorative appearance, and the color of the crown is bright, fertilization is recommended. The first feeding is done in April with organic matter, at the end of August with phosphorus-potassium preparations.
How and when to cut Fortune's euonymus
They form the crown of a bush in early spring and late autumn, when sap flow stops. At the beginning of the growing season, dry fragments are cut off, giving the euonymus the desired shape. The shrub does not grow quickly, but at the end of the season, the shape is disturbed by protruding shoots, it is recommended to cut them off. Euonymus well tolerates cardinal pruning at the root. If the root system is not damaged, the plant will give friendly shoots in the spring.
Forchun's spindle tree transplant
The plant is placed on the site according to the varietal characteristics. Planting and subsequent care of Fortune's euonymus "Emerald Gold" is carried out only in a well-lit area, the plant is not tolerant to ultraviolet deficiency. Soils suitable for all types of shrubs are neutral, slightly acidic, with a sufficient nitrogen content, fertile. Most of the popular varieties are planted in the shade, for example, planting and caring for the Emerald Haiti Fortune spindle tree is recommended in the shade of trees or the walls of a building.
Planting material is purchased from a commercial network or obtained from a parent plant. If it is necessary to transfer an adult plant to another place, choose the time in the spring, when the soil has warmed up enough, sap flow has not begun.
Preparation for wintering
Almost all Fortune varieties tolerate frost well. Special measures to cover the plant are not required. In case of freezing, the root is quickly restored. In late autumn, it is enough to cover the euonymus with fallen leaves, in winter with snow.
Reproduction of Fortune's spindle tree
Creeping species are bred in several ways:
- dividing the bush;
- seeds;
- cuttings:
- layering.
Gardeners choose the best way for themselves.
Propagation of Fortune's euonymus by cuttings
Planting material is harvested in the summer from green, not stiff shoots. Cuttings of 10 cm in size are cut, planted in a container with fertile soil, pre-treated with a root growth stimulator. A polyethylene cap is made from above, removed to a shaded place. After 30 days, Fortune will give roots. The cuttings are transplanted to the wintering site, in the spring to the site.
Seeds
Before laying the seeds, they are treated with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate.Sowed in sod soil mixed with river sand. After three months, seedlings will appear, they are dived into separate containers. They are in this state for 30 days, then they are placed in a specific place on the site. Sowing seeds is carried out at the end of January. You can plant seeds directly into the ground in spring, by autumn they will sprout, for the winter, young shoots are covered in a mini-greenhouse.
By dividing the bush
This is the most effective way to breed spindle tree. An adult plant is dug up. Divide the root system into the required number of parts. Each lobe has a growth point, a root and several young shoots. They are seated on the territory.
Layers
Creeping euonymus in the wild reproduces by layering. When in contact with the soil, the adventitious roots on young shoots take root. They are separated from the main bush and planted on the site. You can propagate Fortune's euonymus yourself. To do this, a one-year-old shoot is instilled in, it gives roots, divided, planted in a permanent place.
Diseases and pests
Forchun's breeding varieties of euonymus have inherited a strong immunity from a wild plant against all types of garden pests. At high humidity and low air temperatures, Fortune is affected by a fungal infection, powdery mildew. The disease manifests itself as a gray bloom on the leaves. If the plant is not treated with fungicides (Bordeaux liquid), the foxes dry up and fall off. The shrub takes on an unaesthetic appearance. So that the euonymus does not die, watering is reduced, nitrogen fertilizer is applied, and damaged fragments are cut off.
Conclusion
Fortchun's euonymus is a low-growing creeping shrub, numbering several hundred species, differing in crown color. An ornamental plant is grown for the purpose of landscape design. Euonymus is unpretentious in care, tolerates low temperatures well, undemanding to lighting and watering.
