Content
Summer cottages are, as a rule, modest in size. Therefore, fruit trees for the garden are selected small, beautiful and fruitful.
Characteristics of the variety
Pear Trout is an ideal fruit tree for a small plot. The tallest trees are not taller than 6 m. The trunk of a pear has a classic dark brown color. The grayish-brown branches form a spreading crown. A distinctive feature of the Trout variety is small leaves with a rich green glossy surface, yellow veins that look like an intricate decor.
The first flowers appear in early April. Trout pear is not self-fertile. The first crop can be harvested after 3-4 years. It can be assumed that it is thanks to the elegant color of pears that this variety received the name Trout. The yellow color and the abundance of bright red dots give the Trout fruit a colorful look. The peel of pears is thin and smooth, and the fruits themselves, weighing 130-150 g, have a traditional elongated shape. Description of the fruit: soft and juicy white flesh, sweet taste with a hint of cinnamon.
You can start harvesting pears Trout from mid-September, and without waiting for the full ripening of the fruits. Plucked fruits are easily stored for about a month.
Planting and leaving
To select seedlings of pear trout for planting, preferably one or two years of age. When choosing a tree of the Trout variety, special attention should be paid to the branches of the tree: they must be intact without visible damage. With a little effort, the branches bend rather than break. The optimal root length is 60-80 cm.
However, you should not plant a pear on a bare area that is blown from all sides, since the seedlings of this variety do not like strong winds.
The most suitable location for the Trout pear is the southern or southwestern part of the suburban area.
When forming a garden, the size of the future crown of a pear must be taken into account. Therefore, in order to exclude close contact with neighbors, Trout is planted at a distance of 4 m from the nearest trees.
It is also advisable to exclude areas with a high location of groundwater. Trout has no special requests regarding the quality of the soil. Even clay soils are suitable. But, naturally, poor lands are pre-fertilized, preferably in the fall.
Planting a seedling
To fertilize the soil when digging a site in the fall, it is recommended to use organic compounds. Based on a square meter of area, take 3 kg of manure / manure, 3.5 kg of compost, 1 kg of ash.
It makes sense in the fall to dig a hole for a pear seedling: one meter deep and about 80 cm in diameter. Moreover, the top fertile soil layer is placed separately. The right time for preparatory work is after the leaves fall and before the first frost.
If in the fall it was not possible to prepare the soil and dig a hole, then in the spring the following work is carried out:
- two weeks before planting, a pit of the appropriate size is dug, and two buckets of sand and humus are poured into it, a glass of superphosphate and 3 tbsp. l potassium sulfate;
- lime is diluted in ten liters of water and the solution is poured into the pit.
Before planting, pear seedlings should be kept in a cool, shaded place.
The place of the cut is carefully processed with garden varnish.Immediately after these manipulations, the tree is placed in a bucket of water, where it is kept for at least an hour.
Planting stages
- The fertile part of the soil is mixed with water and ash. The roots of the Trout pear variety are dipped into the resulting mixture.
- Drainage is laid out at the bottom of the pit (small stones, twigs, pebbles). Part of the fertile soil pours out on top of the drainage layer in the form of a hill. A wooden stake is driven in a little to the side of the center of the pit.
- A seedling of this pear variety is lowered into a hole, the roots are carefully straightened. The pit is filled first with a fertile composition, and then with the usual one.
- As soon as two-thirds of the hole is full, pour out the bucket of water. When the water is absorbed, we completely fill the hole with the remaining soil.
After the ground has settled, the neck of the Trout seedling should be at ground level. Its burial is not allowed.
In areas with a high groundwater table (at a distance of one meter from the surface), a thick drainage layer, approximately 40 cm, must be made.
Crown formation
It takes five to six years for the crown of the Trout variety to take its final shape. At this time, the tree already has 5 skeletal branches.
The gradual stage of crown formation can be defined as follows:
- at the beginning of July, the three strongest shoots are distinguished, which are located at intervals of 15-20 cm. The lower layer of the crown is formed from them. When pruning a Trout pear, it must be borne in mind that the central conductor should always be 20-25 cm higher than other branches:
- then sanitary pruning is carried out - weak branches and shoots directed inside the crown are removed;
- starting from the third year, they begin to form the crown of the Trout pear variety. To do this, do not touch 3-4 branches, evenly extending from the crown (these are skeletal branches). The remaining branches are shortened by two-thirds;
- in the fourth and fifth years at the base of the skeletal branches, the lateral branches of the second order growing upward are removed.
It is believed that the crown of the Trout variety is finally formed if its skeletal branches are clearly defined, there are no large parallel branches and there are no branches that cross. In general, the tree should look proportionate.
It is believed that thinning the Trout variety does not affect the yield. Therefore, the tops must be removed, and the vertical branches are shortened and "converted" into fruiting ones. To do this, the branch is tilted and twisted under the lower branches. This practice can be applied from the fourth, fifth year after planting the Trout variety.
Watering and fertilizing the soil
In the summer, it is recommended to water the seedling with warm water. Moreover, it is necessary to literally fill in the Trout variety so that the soil is a donkey and the soil is well saturated.
Starting from the second year, pears are watered once or twice a month. After watering, be sure to loosen the soil, weed and mulch. You can put straw, sawdust, cut grass inside the trunk circle. A sufficient layer of mulch is about 4-6 cm.
In the autumn, superphosphate and potassium chloride are added. Also, the introduction of wood ash into the soil when digging a near-trunk circle will not interfere.
Harvest
Finally, Trout fruits ripen at the end of October. Ripe pears of the Trout variety have a yellowish color with elegant red specks (as in the photo). In cool rooms, they can lie for about a month, and at normal room temperature, pears last one and a half to two weeks.
If you want to stock up on fruit for the winter, then Trout pears are usually removed unripe. In this case, provided the correct storage conditions are provided, the pears will lie for about six months.
Preparing for winter
The most important stage of work in the autumn is to insulate the Trout pear for the winter. The traditional method is to form a "fur coat" for the trunk.For this purpose, felt, straw is laid over the trunk and fixed with burlap. Some summer residents practice wrapping the pear tree trunk with roofing felt, but this makes sense only in regions with cold and little snowy winters.
Do not forget about the winter rodent guests. To protect pears from mice, hares can be wrapped around the trunks with a metal net or a spruce tree (with the needles down).
Diseases and pests
The most common diseases of the Trout variety include "fruit rot". This fungal infection spreads especially quickly in humid and warm weather. Fruits become covered with dark brown spots, rot. Moreover, the pears do not fall, but remain on the stalks, infecting neighboring fruits. As a preventive measure, it is necessary to spray pears Trout with Fitosporin-M a month before harvesting. Damaged fruits, twigs, foliage must be removed and burned.
Scab is a fungal disease that affects leaves, shoots, pears. It appears as spots and black dots. Leads to shedding of flowers, leaves. Pears are tied small and do not develop. Control measures - in the fall, all the foliage is carefully removed, in the spring, before budding, the tree is irrigated with Bordeaux liquid.
The main pest of the trout pear is aphid, which sucks the juices from the leaves and young shoots. This leads to foliage falling off. In early spring, it is advisable to spray this pear variety with Bordeaux liquid, whitewash the trunk.
An elegant pear of the Trout variety will adequately decorate any summer cottage. It belongs to the late varieties and therefore you can enjoy delicious fruits in late autumn. And with proper storage, the Trout pear will become a decoration of the New Year's table.
