Content
The early autumn pear variety Bryanskaya Krasavitsa was created at the end of the 20th century on the basis of the All-Russian Selection and Technical Institute of the Bryansk Region. The originators of the variety A. Vysotsky and N. Rozhnov, by crossing the species Novogodnaya and Williams Rouge Delbara, received a new, elite variety. In 2010, after testing, the fruit crop was entered into the State Register. The provided description, photo and reviews about pear Bryansk beauty, will help to form an overall picture of a fruit tree recommended for cultivation in the Black Earth Region, Central Russia. Due to its frost resistance, the pear variety is grown in the Urals.
Description of pear variety Bryansk beauty
A fruit tree of medium height (about 5 m), forms a crown one meter from the ground. Description of the pear Bryansk beauty (shown in the photo):
- The crown is not spreading, pyramidal in shape, the frequency of straight-growing branches is average. The central shoots and trunk are brown from dark red tint. Young shoots of burgundy color, as they grow, acquire a common color with perennials.
- Leaves are medium in size, oblong-oval in shape with a pointed top. The surface is smooth, glossy, dark green. Leaves growing on a saturated bright burgundy color, as the upper fruit bud is formed, the color changes to light green.
- The pear begins to bloom profusely in mid-May. The flowers are white, collected in inflorescences of 3-5 pieces. Fruits do not give all, some of the flowers crumble before the formation of the ovary.
Fruit characteristics
Fruit crops are classified as early-growing, the first harvest pear gives in the third year after grafting. By the age of six, the culture bears fruit fully. A tree grown by the seedling method produces its first fruits after 5 years of growth. This is one of the few pear varieties that is compatible with quince stock.
External characteristics of pear fruits Bryansk beauty:
- correct elongated pear-shaped;
- pears are all the same size, average weight 250g;
- the skin is dense, tough, at the stage of technical ripeness, the color is green with a small red pigment on the side in the form of an oval (blush);
- the surface is uneven, bumpy;
- ripe fruits are yellow, the pigment coating is dark purple, dull, takes up half of the fruit;
- the pulp is light beige, juicy, fine-grained, fragrant;
- the taste is sweet with little acidity.
Pear Bryansk beauty ripens in mid-September. Once harvested, the fruit is stored for up to two weeks.
Pros and cons of pear varieties Bryansk beauty
The Bryansk beauty belongs to the elite dessert varieties, has a number of advantages:
- A fast-growing crop yields a harvest for 3-5 years of vegetation.
- It tolerates low temperatures well.
- Resistant to a number of garden pests.
- It is immune to fungal infections.
- The plant is self-pollinated.
- In the six-year period, it reaches full fruiting.
- Excellent taste characteristics and aesthetic appearance of the crown.
- When the optimum temperature is created, the fruits are stored for a long time.
The disadvantages of pears include crop instability. With a lack of moisture, the fruits lose their taste.
Optimal growing conditions
The culture was created for cultivation in the Black Earth zone of Russia, over time, the area spread to the Central part. There is a pear Bryansk beauty in the Moscow region, Chelyabinsk and Omsk regions. To obtain a stable harvest, a number of conditions are observed to determine a permanent place for a pear. The site must be well lit, located on the south or west side. The best option is behind the wall of the building, so the young tree will be protected from the north wind. Deficiency of ultraviolet radiation slows down the growing season, young pear shoots give elongated, thin, flowering will be defective.
The soil for pears of the Bryansk beauty is chosen loamy or sandy loam, neutral. If the soil is acidic, in the fall, agents containing alkali are introduced. The fruit tree will not grow in a swampy place, close-lying waters cause root rot. The soil is chosen fertile and well-drained.
Planting and caring for a pear Bryansk beauty
In the central part of the Russian Federation, the Bryansk beauty pear is planted in the spring before budding on the seedling, they do this after the above-zero temperature has been established and the threat of spring frosts has passed. In autumn, planting is not carried out due to the fact that frosts are possible at the end of September and the unrooted plant will die. In the southern regions, planting work is carried out in the fall 21 days before the temperature drops.
Planting material is chosen for a one-year, less often two-year growth period with a well-developed root system without dry fragments and rot. Shoots should be smooth bark, no mechanical damage. On the trunk above the root collar, the seal (site of grafting) should be visually determined.
Landing rules
For planting pears, a pit is prepared in advance. The removed layer of fertile soil is mixed with organic matter, superphosphate and potassium are added, 120 g each. The roots of the seedling are dipped for 40 minutes in a solution of "Kornevin", which stimulates growth. Algorithm of actions:
- A stake is driven into the recess (75x100 cm), shifting it from the center by 15 cm.
- Part of the mixture is poured with a cone.
- A seedling is placed, the roots are evenly distributed along the bottom of the pit, if the planting material is from a container, it is placed in the center with an earthen lump by the transshipment method.
- Sprinkle the seedling with the remaining mixture.
- Tied to a support, compacting the earth, watered.
A prerequisite for planting is that the vaccination site should be 7 cm above the ground. When planting in spring, the pear is shortened, this helps to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots.
Watering and feeding
The pear is demanding for watering (especially in the first years of growth). With a moisture deficit, the vegetation of young shoots slows down, the ovaries are poorly formed, the yield level drops, the fruits lose their taste. For an adult tree, abundant watering is carried out during flowering. The young culture is watered in pre-made grooves with a depth of 20 cm, the procedure is carried out once a week. They loosen the soil, mulch with straw or humus.
Planting rules provide for placing pears in a prepared fertile mixture. Top dressing for the first 3 years is not required. In the fourth year, in early spring (before bud break), urea or saltpeter is added. In autumn, they are fed with organic matter, phosphorus and potassium.
The main feeding falls on the period when the pear bears fruit in full:
- in the spring, before flowering, urea is scattered near the tree along the perimeter of the crown;
- after flowering, add "Kaphor K";
- when the pear sheds part of the ovaries, fertilize with ash or phosphorus;
- during the ripening of the fruit, the tree is sprayed with magnesium sulfate;
- in the fall, after the fall, they bring in "Fertika Autumn" (complex fertilizer) or organic matter, dig up the soil of the root circle.
Once every five years, acidic soils are neutralized with dolomite flour.
Pruning
The formation of the crown of a pear begins immediately after planting, the seedling is shortened to 65 cm.For five years, the formation of a fruit tree is carried out:
- On an annual tree, green shoots are fixed in a horizontal position.
- From them, next spring, they form the skeletal frame of the first tier (3 branches), remove the fourth part of the length. In summer, the tops are broken off, this is necessary for the pear to give new shoots.
- The second tier is formed in the third year from two branches (according to the same scheme). In early July, pinch the tops of the young shoots.
- The last (third) tier consists of 3 frame branches, they are shortened by a quarter.
The crown should contain longer and thicker lower branches, the subsequent ones are shorter and thinner than the previous ones. The tree formed in this way has a pyramidal crown.
An adult pear over five years old is sanitary pruning every spring and autumn, removing dry branches. Liquefy the crown, cut off excess shoots and shoots near the root.
Whitewash
In the bark of the tree, the larvae of garden pests and fungal spores overwinter. Whitewashing the trunk helps to kill parasitic microorganisms and insects. Works are carried out in autumn and spring. At the beginning of the growing season, moss and old bark are removed from the tree, then the tree is whitened. The treatment will protect the pear from ultraviolet burns. Use lime, water-based or acrylic paint.
Preparing for winter
Pear Bryansk beauty is a frost-resistant culture that can withstand a decrease in temperature to 280 C. Preparation for winter includes abundant watering, mulching with peat, straw, needles. Young trees are covered with canvas or agrofiber.
Pollinators
The culture is self-pollinated, this feature promotes fruiting. According to gardeners, the pear variety Bryanskaya Krasavitsa gives a large yield if it grows with another variety, so it is recommended to place several types of crops in one area or on neighboring ones. The optimal pollinators are Moskvichka pears and Lada Amurskaya. The trees bloom at the same time, increasing the level of fruiting of the Bryansk beauty.
Yield
The flowering of the culture occurs at a later date; the flowers do not die from the return frosts of spring. The variety is self-fertile. Pear Bryansk beauty is not a high-yielding variety. Abundant flowering gives a large number of ovaries, but most of them fall off. An average of 19 kg of fruit are removed from a pear. Subject to the conditions of agricultural technology: feeding, watering, pruning, neutral soil and the proximity of pollinators, the yield increases by 10 kg.
Diseases and pests
Pear Bryansk beauty is distinguished by high immunity, rarely affected by infection. In cold summers with abundant rainfall, scab may appear on leaves and fruits. Before flowering, the pear is treated with copper sulphate, after the fruit is tied with "Raykom", "Gamair". Of the pests, the gall mite is a threat. In order to prevent early spring, young leaves and buds are sprayed with "Decis" or "Inta Virom". After blooming with colloidal sulfur.
Reviews about pear Bryansk beauty
Conclusion
Description, photos and reviews about the pear Bryansk beauty allow you to determine whether the variety is suitable for planting in a particular region. The culture is adapted to the weather conditions of a temperate climate, produces fruits with a high gastronomic value, is undemanding in agricultural technology and is resistant to diseases and pests.
