Content
Among the late varieties of pears, gardeners value species with a long shelf life of fruits. One of the attractive representatives with such a characteristic is the Belarusian late pear. The variety has already managed to win the trust of gardeners with its qualities. In cold regions, it is difficult to achieve high yields of large-fruited species, because winter pear varieties require more heat. "Late Belarusian" gives an excellent harvest in difficult climatic conditions. In addition, the variety has an important advantage for gardeners. The longer the fruits are stored, the better their taste becomes. We will devote the article not only to the description of the pear variety, but also post photos and reviews of summer residents about the "Belorusskaya Late".
Characteristics of a winter variety
All information about the tree is important for gardeners. After all, the harvest will not be obtained immediately after planting the seedling. Therefore, it is necessary to determine in advance all the advantages and disadvantages of the variety, so as not to be mistaken in the choice. Useful video:
According to the description of the variety, the pear "Belorusskaya Late" has a high early maturity, so the first harvest can be obtained 3-4 years after planting the seedling. First of all, summer residents are interested in the parameters of the tree, so that even in a small area it is possible to create comfortable conditions for it.
Pear variety "Belorusskaya Late" refers to medium-sized. The optimal distance that is maintained when planting this type of tree is:
- from a fence or structure to a pear - 3.5 meters;
- between rows of pears (if a garden is planted) - 5 meters;
- between neighboring trees - 4.5 meters.
Decreasing the distance is not recommended. If you plant trees closer, each pear will be cramped. For this reason, the branches will interfere with each other, the plant will not have enough sunlight and the yield will noticeably decrease.
The next important characteristic is the harvest time. The agrotechnology of growing pear varieties, its requirements for care, depend on the ripening period. Removable ripeness of the winter pear "Belorusskaya Late" begins in the second half of September. At the same time, the variety has a high keeping quality. The taste and marketability of pears are preserved for 5-6 months, so you can count on a delicious dessert until the beginning of March.
The main parameters of the structure of the tree:
- the crown is spherical and dense, in volume it reaches 3-4 meters;
- the skeleton is symmetrical with branches from the trunk at right angles;
- the tips of the branches are directed upward;
- shoots are not thick, medium-sized, rounded in cross-section;
- the height of an adult tree is from 3 to 5 meters;
- lentils, buds and leaves are small;
- the color of the leaves is light green, the venation is weak, the surface of the plates is smooth;
- petioles are short, without edge, of medium thickness;
- flowers are white, large, with oval-shaped petals.
It would be advisable to continue the description of the pear of the "Belorusskaya pozdnyaya" variety with a list of fruit advantages. After all, this is the main result of all the efforts of the gardener.
Ripe fruits of the variety have an average weight of 110 g, an elongated shape and a very pleasant taste. The skin is slightly rough, covered with light brown ripples. Ripe fruits are yellow with a raspberry barrel, and at the time of picking they are colored green. The pulp is not too dense with a buttery texture.
The fruits are full of useful microelements, vitamins and organic acids. Everyone who has ever tasted the Belarusian late pear says that it is very sweet, juicy and fragrant.
Advantages and disadvantages
It is possible to group these characteristics with the help of feedback from gardeners who have grown the pear variety "Late Belarusian" on the site.
Among the advantages of the winter variety are:
- pear yield, which is up to 16 kg per 1 sq. meter of landing area;
- non-simultaneous opening of flowers, which saves the harvest during the period of return frosts;
- early maturity for 3 years after planting;
- good winter hardiness and drought resistance;
- unpretentiousness of pears to growing conditions;
- high taste and marketability of fruits;
- ability for long-term storage;
- resistance to transportation and handling.
Disadvantages of pear varieties, which are most often identified by gardeners:
- instability to damage by bacterial burns and scab (especially in a cold, damp summer);
- with an increase in the abundance of fruiting, the size of the fruit decreases;
- partial self-fertility, requiring the presence of pollinating varieties.
Landing by the rules
To obtain a stable harvest, in addition to the description of the variety "Belorusskaya Late", reviews and photos, the correct planting of the pear is important. To do everything correctly, you need to take into account several parameters:
- Time. Planting pears of the Belorusskaya Lazydnyaya variety is best done in the spring. As soon as the snow thaws, they stand for 4-5 days and start planting work. The period during which you can safely plant pear seedlings is 2 weeks. In the fall, the variety is planted after the end of the leaf fall and before the first frost.
- A place. Any kind of pear loves good lighting. "Late Belarusian" is no exception. The amount of light received depends on the sugar content of the fruit and the overall yield of the variety. For one tree, it is necessary to allocate a space of 4 mx 4 m. This area will be enough for the full growth and development of the tree. When choosing a place on the site, it is important to avoid places with clay or sandy soil, on which the pear variety does not bear fruit well. A place with good black soil, without stagnant moisture, with a loose soil structure would be ideal. The location of groundwater should be at least 2 m from the surface.
- Planting material. The choice of pear seedlings is a very responsible event. When buying, pay attention to all indicators that correspond to a high-quality seedling. First, the lack of thorns on the stem. The presence of thorns signals that you are being offered a wild pear. Secondly, the state of the root system. Choose a seedling with moist fibrous roots, without damage and dried out areas. The following requirements for the pear are as follows - lush crown, elastic branches, dense bark.
The success of planting pears of the Belorusskaya Pozdnyaya variety depends on the preparedness of the soil. It is necessary to prepare the soil in advance so that the nutrients have time to go into a form that is easily digestible for the tree. Without nutrition, it will be difficult for a young seedling to grow and develop. Therefore, in the designated place for planting a pear seedling, they dig a hole 0.7 m deep. The selected soil is mixed with sand (2 buckets), compost (2 buckets), potassium (30 g) and phosphorus (20 g). All components are mixed and put back into the pit.
The pear "Belorusskaya Late" is planted in warm, dry weather.
First, you need to prepare a seedling. Leaves are removed from it, damaged parts are cut off and the tree is placed in water for 3 hours.
A deepening is made in a previously prepared hole. Its size depends on the condition of the roots. If the root system is open, then a recess is dug 80 cm deep and 1 m in diameter. If a seedling with a closed root system, then a deepening corresponding to the size of an earthen coma is sufficient.
A stake is inserted into the center of the planting pit, which is needed to fix the seedling. Then a tree is placed.
The root collar is not buried. It should rise 6-7 cm above the soil level.
The roots are covered with earth, the soil is tamped and watered with 3-4 buckets of water.
The trunk circle is mulched after moisture absorption.
Depending on the type of rootstock, a planting scheme is calculated for several trees. Saplings on a vigorous rootstock need 25 sq. m of food area, for middle-sized people - 11 sq. m.
Care after landing
The pear is considered an unpretentious culture. Even those who planted a garden for the first time will be able to cope with the basic points of care.
Some activities are not difficult at all, but they will have to be performed regularly:
- Weeding the trunk circle from weeds... In the first 2 years of a young pear's life, nutrients from the soil should only flow to the roots of the tree. This will guarantee the rapid growth and development of the seedling. It will also help keep the tree from pest infestation. Weed plants are best harvested by hand or mowed. Loosen and mulch the soil around the stem. Do not dig up the soil with a shovel, so as not to damage the delicate roots of the pear.
- Watering... Pear of the "Late Belorussian" variety does not need to be watered often. An exception will be the dry and dry period, when you need to water twice a week. At the end of August, water-charging irrigation is required to prepare the tree for wintering.
- Pruning and shaping the tree... For the first time, they begin to cut the variety after planting. If the seedling is one-year, then its height is shortened to 70 cm. When planting a two-year tree, you need to cut the branches by 1/3 of the length. The variety is not prone to thickening, so you need to cut off the central shoot by ¼ of its length. This will cause lateral branching and prevent the tree from growing upwards too much. Further pruning of the variety consists in the annual removal of branches growing inside the crown. All broken, diseased and dried shoots are also cut out. The main pruning of the variety is carried out in the spring before bud break. At the time of cutting, use only a well-sharpened and decontaminated tool. How to properly cut a pear of the "Late Belorussian" variety, see this video:
- Top dressing... 2 years after planting, in the spring, urea or ammonium nitrate is introduced in a ratio of 20 g per 1 sq. m of pear feeding area. In summer, 40 g of superphosphate is enough for the same area. In autumn, complex mineral compositions without a nitrogen component are used.
- Preventive fungicide treatments to prevent scab damage to trees... During the growing season, at least 3 treatments must be done.
- Preparing for winter... The trunk of the pear is tied with paper, and the trunk circle is insulated with wood chips. According to the description of the variety "Belarusian late" and reviews of gardeners, the pear needs shelter for the winter (see photo).
Harvesting and processing
The most enjoyable moment for gardeners is harvesting. At the same time, primary sorting of fruits is carried out. The damaged ones are set aside for processing, and the whole and attractive ones are stored and sold. Fruit is harvested in dry weather so that there is no dew or moisture on it.
The keeping quality of the variety is excellent, the harvested fruits are stored for up to six months. Good ventilation is needed to keep the crop longer. Fruits are placed in wooden containers or containers. In the description of the Belarusian late pear variety, it is recommended to store the fruits in 1 or 2 layers, wrapped in newspaper, as in the photo:
Fruit storage temperature ranges from + 2 ° С to + 8 ° С.
Gardeners reviews
Reviews of those who grow the Belarusian late pear show the full compliance of the variety with the description and photo.
