Content
Pear Chizhovskaya was bred in 1993 by Russian breeders. The variety belongs to mid-season and late-summer, has a universal purpose. This pear is grown in the Volga region, the Central and North-Western regions, it can often be found in the Moscow region. Its fruits have a sweet taste and good transportability. The Chizhovskaya variety is suitable for growing on a personal plot or for sale.
Variety characteristics
The description of the Chizhovskaya pear is as follows:
- medium-sized trees with a height of 1.8 to 2.5 m;
- the crown of a young tree has a pyramidal shape;
- as the crown grows, it becomes more spreading;
- flowers are white, collected in inflorescences;
- oval, bright green leaves;
- along the central vein, the leaf plate is slightly curved;
- the stem is gray, the shoots are brown;
- high frost resistance;
- the sensitivity of the variety to a lack of moisture.
According to the description, photo, reviews, the Chizhovskaya pear has a number of distinctive characteristics of the fruit:
- Smooth surface;
- white and juicy pulp;
- yellow-green color;
- average weight - 120 g;
- sweet taste with slight sourness;
- sugar content in the Chizhovskaya variety - 9%, titrated acids - 0.45%;
- shelf life after harvest - up to 4 months;
- high yield (up to 50 kg) from a tree.
According to the description, the Chizhovskaya pear is suitable for fresh consumption; jam, compotes and other homemade preparations are made from it. Over time, on older trees over 15 years old, the fruits become smaller. Pruning trees will help correct the situation.
The fruits have good commercial properties and are suitable for long-distance transportation. Store fresh fruits in a dark room at a low temperature.
Landing features
The pear is planted in a prepared place, which is well illuminated by the sun and protected from the wind. The planting procedure for the Chizhovskaya variety includes a number of procedures: fertilization, preparation of a seedling and a hole. Regardless of the time of the work (autumn or spring), the planting dates must be respected.
Choosing the right place
For planting pears, the Chizhovskaya variety, they choose a well-lit place where there is no wind load. Then the seedling will be able to quickly take root and take root well. Groundwater should be located at a level of 3 m and below. If possible, the tree is placed on a hill.
The tree develops slowly in heavy soils with a high clay content. The soil must remain loose and have good air and moisture permeability. It is not recommended to plant the Chizhovskaya variety next to mountain ash, since they have common pests.
Landing dates
The pear is planted in the autumn or spring. If work is carried out in the fall, then first you need to wait for the end of the leaf fall. Then the growth of plants, which are preparing for winter, stops.
The Chizhovskaya variety must be planted before the onset of cold weather. You need to focus on the weather conditions in the region. Planting operations are usually carried out until mid-October. Before winter begins, the tree will sprout and have time to take root.
In the northern regions, the Chizhovskaya pear variety is planted in the spring. In this case, the preparation of the pit takes place in the fall.Planting is carried out before the start of sap flow. In the middle lane, this variety is planted no later than April 20-30.
Work order
The Chizhovskaya variety is planted according to a certain order:
- Before planting, a young plant needs preparation. First, it must be visually assessed and broken and dry shoots cut off. The roots of the tree are placed in a mixture of clay and ash, diluted with water to the consistency of sour cream. If the seedling is bought with a closed root system, then the planting is done with a lump of earth.
- A few weeks before planting, a pit is prepared with a diameter of 1 m and a depth of 0.5 m. Two buckets of a mixture consisting of fertile soil, humus and peat are placed at the bottom of the pit. Superphosphate and wood ash are used as fertilizers. It is better to refuse nitrogen fertilizing.
- A wooden stake is placed in the center of the dug circle.
- Immediately before planting, loosening the soil is performed.
- A young tree is lowered into a hole and tied to a support.
- The hole is covered with earth and trampled under the soil.
- The pear of the Chizhovskaya variety is watered abundantly.
- The soil is mulched with peat, compost or sawdust.
Care rules
The Chizhovskaya pear requires standard care, which includes watering, feeding and pruning. The tree needs different care at different stages of development. In spring and autumn, pruning is done, and throughout the season, the pear is watered and fed. Preventive treatment against diseases and pests will save the tree itself and the crop.
Watering pears
Pear Chizhovskaya needs constant watering. Lack of moisture and drought negatively affect the general condition and fruiting of the tree.
Watering is especially important in the first years after planting to strengthen the tree's root system. In the future, the pear is watered less often, but a large amount of moisture is introduced.
Pear varieties Chizhovskaya must be watered at the following stages of development:
- after flowering, when the formation of the ovary begins;
- after harvesting;
- at the beginning of leaf fall.
Water is poured under the barrel. Along the crown circumference, a near-trunk circle is determined, within the boundaries of which the tree is watered. In hot weather, it is enough to water the pear every 20 days. After watering, the soil is loosened with a pitchfork.
Fertilization
In the first year after planting the pear, the Chizhovskaya variety, there is enough fertilizer applied to the soil. Subsequently, every three years, the tree is fed with organic matter. For each square meter, prepare the following mixture:
- compost - 5 kg;
- superphosphate - 30 g;
- potassium chloride - 20 g;
- urea - 10 g.
Additionally, nitrogen fertilizers can be applied. Such feeding is necessary for the Chizhovskaya variety in the spring from April to May. During this period, a solution is prepared based on ammonium nitrate. One tree requires up to 30 g of this substance, which is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:50.
Potash and phosphate fertilizers are applied in June. Up to 100 g of potassium salt is used per bucket of water, while components containing phosphorus are taken up to 300 g.
In the fall, feeding the pear tree also includes phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Superphosphate (2 tbsp. L.) And potassium chloride (1 tbsp. L.) Are embedded in the soil within the root circle. Another option for feeding the Chizhovskaya variety is the use of wood ash. Such feeding allows the trees to prepare for winter and improve fruiting for the next year.
Pruning trees
Due to pruning, the crown of the tree is formed. As a result, the plant does not waste energy on growing new shoots, but directs them to fruiting. Shortening the branches prevents it from growing and creating a shadow on the site.
In the spring, a pear of the Chizhovskaya variety is cut according to a certain scheme:
- the crown is thinned so that the sun's rays freely fall on the fruits;
- the trunk is shortened by a quarter.
In the second year of life, the pear is cut to a height of 50 cm. Then the growth of shoots will begin from the lower buds. Of the side branches of the tree, 4 of the strongest are left, the rest are completely cut out.
In autumn, the pear is pruned from late summer to early October.It is recommended to carry out work earlier so that the wounds of the tree have time to heal before the onset of cold weather. In autumn, the following elements of the pear are eliminated:
- old, broken and dried shoots;
- branches growing at right angles;
- overgrowth that will interfere with the growth of the fruit next year.
Protection against diseases and pests
Chizhovskaya pear is susceptible to diseases such as scab, fruit rot, powdery mildew. Bordeaux liquid, copper sulfate, colloidal sulfur will help to avoid the spread of diseases. Trees are treated by spraying before or after pear flowering.
After the onset of spring, you need to protect the orchard against insect infestations. A pear attracts ticks, aphids, a pipe-worm, and a gold-tail. To combat them, various insecticides have been developed: Nitrofen, Karbos, etc. Treatment is carried out by spraying trees.
To prevent the spread of diseases and pests, the rules for caring for the Chizhovskaya pear variety are observed:
- site cleaning, weeding weeds, elimination of fallen leaves;
- clearing the tree from lichen and moss;
- thinning the crown, removing broken branches;
- after sanitization, the cut sites are treated with garden varnish.
Gardeners reviews
Conclusion
Pear Chizhovskaya was bred specifically for growing in Russian conditions. The variety is resistant to winter frosts and other extreme conditions, diseases and pests. After harvesting, the crop is stored for a long time until further processing.
