Content
The apple tree is one of the most common fruit trees in the climate of central Russia. But the variety of varieties is sometimes confusing, especially for beginners. Everyone wants to have beautiful, tasty apples on their site that will be unpretentious in care and have good taste. In our country, the apple variety "Bashkirskaya krasavitsa" has been well known for many years. This is a frost-resistant, unpretentious tree that bears fruit stably in any year. What is the apple tree of the "Bashkir beauty" variety, its description and photo, we will tell you further.
Variety history
The well-known name "Bashkir beauty" was assigned to the variety only in 1928. But the variety itself appeared much earlier. The first mention of it, as an industrial grade, appears in 1886. The merchant Gribushin grew these beautiful apples in his gardens, which were located in Bashkortostan. He is considered the birthplace of the variety. In modern horticultural farms, both private and industrial, "Bashkir beauty" is grown throughout the country, including the Moscow, Kirov and Pskov regions.
Characteristics
Trees of this variety are small in their youth, but at the same time have a slightly leafy crown of a rounded shape. Later, when the apple tree begins to bear fruit, the crown becomes pyramidal, spreading. The tree belongs to medium-sized, skeletal branches are located almost at right angles to the central trunk.
The apple tree of the Bashkir beauty begins to bear fruit at the age of 5-6 years. The yield is high and stable.
Leaves are oval with a slight taper at the top. Serration is visible on the sides of the leaves. From above, the sheet is absolutely smooth and even, and from below it has a hairiness. The bark is smooth and has a brownish-green color on the main trunk.
It blooms with large white-pink flowers, in the form of cups. With good care, the tree grows 10 cm every year.
The yield is high, the ripening period of the variety is the end of August - September.
Description of fruits
The description of the apple-tree variety "Bashkir beauty" in any case will begin with admiration for its appearance. These are beautiful medium-sized apples weighing up to 130 grams. At the very beginning of ripening, they are green with a slight blush, ripe fruits turn white with a bright blush and red stripes. The skin is rough, dense and has a light waxy coating.
Photo of apples "Bashkir beauty" is found in many gardening magazines, since the bright and appetizing appearance of the fruits of this variety does not leave indifferent gardeners and summer residents.
As for the taste of the variety:
- apples of this variety are sweet and sour;
- the pulp is white, juicy, fine-grained, crispy;
- aroma is poorly expressed.
In addition, the fruits are distinguished by good transportability, which is very important when grown on an industrial scale. With normal ventilation and in a dry room, the harvest lasts up to six months. If there is a desire to process the crop, then the apples of the Bashkir beauty are excellent for processing. It is a versatile apple tree, which is its great advantage.
Advantages and disadvantages
The main advantage of this variety is that it has a unique frost resistance.... The apple tree tolerates cold winters without snow, and also quickly recovers when freezing.
But besides frost resistance, there are a number of other advantages:
- high yield (80 kg per tree);
- average resistance to disease;
- unpretentiousness to the soil;
- versatility of use and taste of fruits.
The disadvantages of the variety include the crumbling of apples during prolonged drought, which is fully compensated by regular watering.
Planting and leaving
Before you can fully enjoy the taste of the apple variety of the Bashkir beauty, you need to plant it correctly and take care of the tree. First of all, we select a place where a low, beautiful apple tree will later spread.
There should be no surface groundwater at the planting site of the apple tree, since they contribute to decay of the root system.
The Bashkir beauty is not picky about a certain type of soil, but it grows ideally on medium loam, light neutral soils and, of course, black soil.
Selection and planting of a seedling
When choosing a seedling, it is important to pay attention to the appearance. A feature of the young Bashkir beauty is the presence of white shoots at the ends, which, moreover, are heavily pubescent. Experienced gardeners recognize this kind of apple tree by this fluff.
For landing, it is recommended to use a 4 × 4 m scheme.Prepare the landing site in advance so that all useful substances have time to settle in the hole and partially dissolve. The hole for the seedling should be 0.6 m deep and 0.8 m in diameter. These are the minimum dimensions, but you should focus on the volume of the seedling root system.
The following composition must be added to the bottom of the fossa:
- 400 gr. wood ash;
- 2 buckets of humus;
- 100 g potassium sulfate;
- 10 tbsp. l. superphosphate.
After installing the seedling, it is necessary to sprinkle the root system with earth so that a tubercle forms. Ideally, the soil should be mulched. Since at the very beginning the seedling is weak and unable to withstand the winds, at first, until it gets accustomed to it, you need to tie up a support.
Care
The Bashkir beauty requires some care. This will significantly increase the level of its fruiting. The most important thing to care for is watering. If the tree does not have enough moisture, the fruits will begin to crumble before reaching maturity.
When fruiting, it is important to pay attention to its abundance, you may have to put supports under the branches so that cracks and breakages do not form on the apple tree.
The apple tree responds positively to loosening the soil in the aisles and around the trunk, since this way better air flows to the root system. It is necessary to loosen it near the trunk, but not deeper than 10 cm so as not to damage the roots. At the same time, the soil is freed from weeds.
Crown formation and pruning
Description of the apple tree The Bashkir beauty characterizes the crown of the tree as spreading, pyramidal. The sooner the owner begins to form it, the easier it will be to follow the tree over time and will make the Bashkir beauty truly beautiful.
When formed correctly, a shape is created from 5 main branches. They should be at a distance of 30 cm from each other. 2 years after planting the seedling, you need to carry out the first pruning, leaving the strongest shoots 3-4 pieces. After that, it is worth pruning every year, leaving the strongest shoots and forming the correct shape of the apple tree.
Correct pruning of the beauty directly affects the yield, since the crown is not neglected, and the tree has strength, it is less affected by diseases and pests.
Top dressing
The tree of the Bashkir beauty is fed three times a year. Urea is used for spring feeding. It is dissolved in 10 liters of water in the amount of 2 tbsp. spoons and bring directly under the root.
Summer top dressing should consist of complex fertilizers that contribute to the growth of the green crown of the tree.
In the fall, potash-phosphorus fertilizers are applied so that the tree can prepare for winter.It is impossible to bring nitrogen in in the fall, since this prevents the tree from falling asleep and can negatively affect its preparation for cold weather. As soon as the apple tree begins to bear fruit, the feeding is increased up to 4 times.
Preparing for winter
The final watering is done after the entire crop has been harvested. Then we free the soil around the trunk from the layer of mulch and carry out top dressing so that the tree can prepare for the winter period. It is recommended to wrap a protective material around the barrel to prevent mice from chewing on it. But this must be done strictly after the onset of cold weather, otherwise the tree will not have time to fall asleep. The leaves must be collected and destroyed, as pests and rodents can start in them.
Treatment against diseases and pests
The average resistance of the variety to diseases and pests suggests that preventive treatment cannot be neglected.
Most often, the apple tree is affected by the moth. Apples Bashkir beauty after moth look like in the photo.
To fight, you should spray the apple tree with Calypso, On the spot, Fastak. If you do not want to mess with chemicals, you can get birdhouses, and use a soap solution to fight aphids.
When the first signs of disease appear, it is also worth treating. For this, the drugs Delan, Skor, Topsin are suitable.
Gardeners reviews
Conclusion
Many gardeners, after reading the description, planting reviews, and looking at the photo of the Bashkir beauty apple tree, are eager to purchase this variety. It is a high-yielding variety that is suitable for both family cultivation and industrial horticulture. Its sweet and sour taste and light aroma will always find admirers.
