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White limbs from the Boletov family are known as marsh boletus, and in the scientific literature - Boletus holopus, or Leccinum chioeum. In some local dialects they are called "sloop" because of their wateriness. White butterflies belong to the edible tubular species, widespread throughout the middle lane.
Where do white boletus grow (marsh boletus)
Marsh boletus grows under birches, on the roots of which the species mycorrhiza settles, are common throughout the middle zone in Europe and Asia, but are rare. Despite the name "marsh", they do not grow on the bogs themselves, but they like to appear singly or not in dense groups in wet, swampy places, on acidic soils. Expected and most likely habitats of marsh limbs:
- raw birch groves;
- on the border of sparse birch forests and swamps;
- dry peat bogs;
- in the forest among mosses, especially sphagnum, because the species loves dampness and is fed by the moisture that the moss retains.
Sometimes mushroom pickers report unusual finds: a family of marsh boletus on a still standing trunk of a rotten birch.
The period of appearance of white lumps is from the end of May to the first frosts, which begin in various areas at the end of October or in November.
What do white trims look like?
Marsh boletus, as seen in the photo, is a rather large mushroom with a cap with a diameter of 7 to 12-15 cm. Mushroom pickers indicate that there are specimens with a cap width of more than 20 cm.
- cushion or hemispherical shape;
- open even in young specimens of marsh boletus, and sometimes, in drought, the edges of the cap are slightly bent upward;
- in appearance, the structure of the fruiting body is rigid, leathery;
- the skin is dry to the touch, except for the rainy period;
- the color is light brown in various shades, some mushroom pickers determine the color of the cap of the white stump, as off-white with a greenish-brown tint with aging.
There is a tubular layer under the cap, which is perceived as large angular pores. Young mushrooms are distinguished by a light color from the bottom of the cap, while old ones are intensely brown. The mass of spores looks dark ocher, almost brown.
Under the skin of the cap there is a greenish-white, soft and watery flesh. In older mushrooms, it becomes darker - to a white-brown or greenish-brown tone. The smell of the swamp stump is weak, as is the taste after cooking.
Cepes are perceived as disproportionately developed mushrooms, since the leg seems too tall and thin in relation to the large and thick cap. Features of the marsh leg:
- elongated, from 5 to 20 or even 30 cm;
- the shape is cylindrical, straight or curved, since often the mushroom breaks through the dense moss;
- the surface is pronounced fibrous, covered with lagging scales - whitish in young mushrooms, brown in old ones;
- from a distance, the color of the marsh boletus leg is perceived as white-gray.
The legs of the white butterflies are tough, do not have any attractive aroma or taste, so they are rarely eaten.
Is it possible to eat white boletus
Edible white rump. Young hats are eaten. The legs are not taken due to their rigid structure. Marsh boletus belongs to the third category of mushrooms in terms of nutritional value. It tastes pretty good after cooking, especially with other aromatic species, but there are relatively few valuable nutrients. The stubs are taken only for the mass.
Taste qualities of mushrooms
Marsh boletus differs from ordinary boletus in its friable pulp, which boils well, paints the broth in a dark color and becomes not only ugly in appearance, but also completely tasteless. In addition, it is advisable to take only young white lumps for food. It is advised to cut off only caps that are dry to the touch. Marsh boletus is not harvested for harvesting, because when salted and pickled, the pulp creeps into the liquid and becomes completely unappetizing. Loose stumps have few characteristic aromatic compounds, and therefore young specimens are simply put together with more valuable ones to increase the mass of the dish.
Benefits and harm to the body
Marsh boletus is a low-calorie product: 100 g contains up to 30 kcal. The useful properties of the species are based on the fact that the composition contains enough biologically active substances:
- cleanse the body, being natural antioxidants;
- promote the elimination of cholesterol;
- have a tonic effect, including - increase immunity;
- improve the hematopoietic function of the body;
- dietary fiber helps to normalize bowel function;
- the presence of phosphoric acid stimulates the work of the musculoskeletal system.
Although the species belongs to the third category in terms of nutritional value, there are enough minerals and vitamins in the fruit body of the white lump to have a good effect on the body. But only with moderate use. Mushrooms are recommended for diabetics as a blood sugar lowering product. Consuming them regularly is believed to have antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
Considering the beneficial properties, it must be remembered that boletus is a wild-growing species, and it should be eaten in moderation. Patients with ulcers, persons with intestinal problems should be treated with an eye to dishes from white meat. Contraindication is individual intolerance to the product. Marsh boletus, like any other mushrooms, is not recommended for baby food.
False doubles
White boletus is similar to other types of boletus boletus of the genus Obabok (Leccinum), which are all edible and, if cut by mistake, are not dangerous:
- ordinary;
- solid;
- turning pink;
- ash gray;
- white.
All boletus boletus, except for marsh, belong to the second category. Therefore, such doubles can be collected. A common feature in all types of boletus mushrooms: the pulp is dense only in young mushrooms, and in old mushrooms it is loose-watery.
The boletus is distinguished by the reaction of the pulp after cutting:
- in some boletus boletuses, the flesh may turn slightly pink;
- the white color does not change.
The false doppelganger of the marsh is a dangerous gall mushroom, or bitterness. Young mushrooms of a toxic species in shape and color can be quite mistaken for boletus mushrooms, although they grow in mixed forests, on a coniferous litter in the shade.
There are differences:
- after cutting, the flesh of the gall fungus turns pink;
- the tubular layer under the cap is also pink, and white-gray or cream on the backs;
- the bitterness has a mesh pattern on its leg.
Collection rules
Collecting the whites, remember that:
- according to the photo and description, the white boletus grows in small meadows, where the sun's rays fall, under birches, in wet areas;
- young mushrooms are cut;
- do not take specimens with dark spots, wormy and flabby;
- never taste raw mushrooms;
- in rainy weather, stumps quickly deteriorate.
Use
Swamp stubs quickly become a viscous mass, unsuitable for consumption, therefore they are sorted out and cooked immediately. Fresh or dried hats are baked and fried, soups, sauces are boiled, used as an ingredient in stews from vegetables, but not salted or pickled. Cook for at least 25-30 minutes. The finished mushroom mass sinks to the bottom. Marsh boletus are fried in sunflower oil. The disadvantage of all lumps is that the liquid darkens during cooking.
Conclusion
White lumps are collected together with other members of the genus. Poorly similar to them toxic bitterness. They go on a "quiet" hunt, having carefully learned the species collected in the area and the ways to distinguish them.
