Content
People have been using black currant for more than 1000 years. In the wild in Ancient Russia, it grew everywhere, preferring the banks of the rivers. Few people know that the Moscow River was once called Smorodinovka, thanks to the thickets of this berry along the banks. They began to cultivate currants in Russia since the 16th century. But most modern varieties were created not so long ago - in the second half and at the end of the twentieth century. There are already several hundred of them. Among this variety, there is always a variety that meets the requirements of any gardener. It so happens that consumers are unanimous in assessing a variety and leave excellent reviews about it. This is their opinion about the raisin black currant. Many people like it for its unpretentiousness and high quality berries. To understand what other advantages are inherent in the variety, we will compose its description and characteristics. Photo of the variety.
History of creation
Black currant Raisin was created by the All-Russian Research Institute of Lupine under the leadership of Alexander Ivanovich Astakhov. To do this, he crossed currants of the Dove Seedling variety and form 37-5. The result of the work has been in the State Register since 2007. Currant Raisin is recommended for cultivation in the Central region, but gardeners are happy to plant it in many other places.
Black currant Raisin has features that are not often found in other varieties.
Variety traits
This currant is unpretentious and easily adapts to any weather disasters: spring frosts and lack of moisture.
Appearance
The bush of the black currant Raisin is compact, low - no higher than 1.5 m, not inclined to spread out.
The three-lobed leaves have medium cutouts. The leaf blades are large, leathery, wrinkled, dark green, convex. There is a deep notch at the base of the leaf. The edges of the leaf blades end with blunt teeth.
Flowers and fruits
This early variety blooms in the first decade of May.
- The brush of the Raisin currant is quite long and contains from 7 to 11 pale yellow large flowers.
- Already at the beginning of July, weighty - up to 3.3 g berries ripen, having a rounded shape and black color without shine.
- The taste qualities of berries in the black currant variety Izyumnaya are very high. Numerous reviews of gardeners indicate that this variety is dessert and has a real sweet taste. With a small amount of acids - only 1.8%, the sugar content is high and makes up almost a tenth of the weight of the berry. There is also a lot of ascorbic acid in it: for every 100 g of pulp - 193 mg.
- A feature of this particular variety is that the ripe berries do not crumble and hang on the bush almost until the fall, while raining. It was this ability that gave the name to the variety.
- The harvest of the black currant variety Izyumnaya is quite decent - up to 2 kg per bush. But so many berries can only be harvested with good care.
The important advantages of the variety include its good resistance to such serious currant diseases as kidney mites and American powdery mildew.
This variety has only one drawback - it is difficult to propagate, since lignified cuttings root poorly.
How to care
Currant Raisin is an unpretentious variety, but it also has its own requirements for care that will have to be followed.
- It is necessary to plant Raisin black currants in a well-lit place, it must be ventilated so that dampness does not accumulate, but a strong wind is contraindicated for currants.
- This berry shrub prefers loose and moisture-permeable soil, best of all - loam or sandy loam, enriched with organic matter.
- For black currant varieties Izyumnaya, the correct indicator of soil acidity is very important. She must have a neutral or close reaction to her. On acidic soil, the bushes are oppressed, the berries become smaller, the yield decreases.
- Where raisin currants are going to be planted, there should be no accumulation of water after the snow melts. If the groundwater is high, the roots will soak and the currant bush will die.
Landing
You can plant raisin black currant bushes both in autumn and spring. Gardeners' reviews suggest that an autumn planting is preferable. Why? Before frost, the black currant bush will have time to take root, in the spring, with the beginning of the growing season, the roots will already begin to supply nutrients to the growing aboveground mass. There will be no delay in the growth and development of the plant. The period of time during which it is possible to plant a black currant of the Izyumnaya variety in spring is very short, since its buds bloom early. And a bush that has begun its growing season can only be planted if it is grown in a container. The most important time for spring growth will be spent on survival.
Correct planting of raisin black currant is the key to good plant development and its longevity. The currant of the Raisin variety has a compact bush, therefore, a compacted planting with a distance between plants a little more than a meter is also possible.
If there is enough organic matter, they process the entire area of future plantings of black currant, closing up the fertilizers applied during digging. For each square meter, you need to add:
- from 7 to 10 kg of rotted compost or humus;
- about a liter of wood ash, if it is not there - 80 g of potassium salt;
- from 80 to 100 g of superphosphate.
With a lack of organic fertilizers, food is applied directly to the pits. It is better to start their preparation in the season preceding planting.
- They dig a cube-shaped hole with an edge size of 40 cm.
- 20 cm - the thickness of the top fertile layer. This soil is mixed with a bucket of humus or matured compost, superphosphate (200 g), wood ash (400 g) or potassium sulfate (70 g). To deoxidize the soil, you can add 200 g of ground limestone.
- Fill the hole 2/3 with the soil mixture, pour half a bucket of water into it.
- Install a raisin blackcurrant seedling by tilting it 45 degrees and deepening the root collar by 7-10 centimeters.
On heavy soils, seedlings are buried less. - Thoroughly straighten the roots, cover them with a prepared soil mixture so that there are no air bubbles in it. For this, the seedling is slightly shaken.
- The earth is slightly compacted and half a bucket of water is poured out.
- The soil surface under the black currant bush must be mulched. Any organic matter and even dry soil are suitable for this. Do not neglect mulching, it will help to retain moisture in the root zone for longer and improve the survival rate of the seedling.
- When planting in spring, currant branches are cut off, leaving 3-4 buds. This will force new shoots to grow from the root collar.
- If planting is carried out in the fall, the pruning is transferred to early spring. When planting in autumn, the currant bush must be spud. In the spring, excess land is removed.
Watering
Although the raisin currant is drought-resistant, it still needs watering. Roots can only absorb nutrients from moist soil, so the root layer should not suffer from a lack of water.
How to water black currant Raisin:
- Watering should be done only in the evening. During the night, moisture is well absorbed into the soil and absorbed by the roots. With daytime watering, most of the water will go to evaporation, very little will remain for the plant.
- According to the reviews of experienced gardeners, for this variety of black currant, the best watering is from a sprayer with a fine nozzle.If the weather is dry, it must be carried out at least 2 times a week, the duration of irrigation is from 1 to 2 hours. Such watering is possible only for varieties that are not threatened by powdery mildew, and Raisin is resistant to it.
- It is important not only to water the currant bushes, but also to make sure that the moisture in the root layer remains as long as possible. For this, the best helper is mulch. In the summer, there is no shortage of various waste products that we receive from weeding the grass, mowing, cutting off the stems of ornamental plants. All this can be used.
Top dressing
In the year of planting, and in case of fertile soil and the next year, Raisin currant top dressing is not needed. In the future, the bushes are fed as follows:
- in spring, plants need nitrogen, for young bushes - from 40 to 50 g of urea. After 4 years of life, they do not need more than 40 g of urea, and even this amount is given in the form of double feeding with some interval;
- after flowering, fertilizing is carried out in liquid form with a solution of a complex mineral fertilizer, 10 liters of water are poured under each plant, in which 10 g of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and 20 g of superphosphate are dissolved;
- feeding is repeated while the berries are being poured;
- when the crop has already been harvested, one more top dressing will be required, but already without nitrogen - superphosphate in the amount of 50 g and 20 g of potassium sulfate, it can be successfully replaced with a glass of ash.
In autumn, currant bushes are covered with manure or compost - up to 6 kg under each, departing 15 cm from the root collar. According to gardeners, raisin currants can be grown without mineral fertilizers with the regular introduction of organic matter, ash, herbal infusions.
Currants are very fond of starch and respond positively to burying potato peelings under a bush.
Formation
Why does the gardener prune currant bushes:
- To achieve the correct ratio of shoots of different ages. For this, 2-3 strong zero shoots are left annually in an already formed bush and the same number of old ones that are 5-6 years old are cut out.
- In order to achieve maximum branching of the shoots, on which the harvest will be appropriate. For this, zero branches are pruned in July, stimulating the regrowth of second-order branches. It is enough to shorten them by 10 cm.
In the video you can see how the spring shaping of a currant bush is carried out in practice:
Testimonials
Conclusion
Black currant is one of the main sources of vitamin C. It is necessary to have it in every garden. In currants, Raisin undeniable benefits are combined with an excellent dessert taste. And this is doubly pleasant.
