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Raspberries are appreciated for the aroma and tenderness of berries, for their healing properties. Indeed, it contains so many vitamins and nutrients that the berry is used for colds, hypertension, atherosclerosis. Raspberries are widely used in cooking for making jams, jams, compotes, marmalade. Moreover, all these goodies can be made at home.
That is why the beautiful berry is grown in personal plots, dachas. Novice gardeners are concerned about many issues of growing a plant, including, planting raspberriesbreeding and caring for her.
Briefly about raspberries
Before finding out the features of planting raspberries, growing, breeding and caring for plants, you should understand the species and varietal diversity.
Raspberries are a member of the pink family. It is a shrub with erect stems covered with thorns. The color of the berry is very different: ruby, red, yellow, even black. Raspberries begin to bear fruit in the second year.
Three types of raspberries are grown on garden plots:
- traditional;
- repairing;
- large-fruited.
Each type of raspberry has its own characteristics. As for the varieties, there are a lot of them. Breeders have created plants with different ripening periods.
Lovers of delicious berries liked remontant raspberries. It blooms throughout the season, which significantly increases the yield of the bushes. Berries, like lights, glow until the first frost. Raspberry care is a pleasure when the result is evident.
Secrets
Raspberry gardeners are always willing to share their secrets. Here are a few:
- For planting, choose sunny places where there is no wind with neutral or slightly acidic soil.
- Planting dates for raspberries - throughout the growing season, but in different ways. For spring planting, a pit or trench is prepared in the fall.
- Growing raspberries can be bush or single shoots, in one row.
Choosing a landing site
Over the question how to plant raspberries, not only young gardeners are thinking. First of all, you need to choose a place where the berry will be planted. Bushes often grow along the fence. This is a good solution because the fence protects from the wind.
How to plant raspberries correctly: you cannot choose an area where strawberries, tomatoes and potatoes were previously grown. But after gooseberries, chokeberry, currants, raspberry bushes feel great.
You need to take care of the raspberry bushes correctly. The plant does not like excess soil moisture. Therefore, when choosing a site for planting seedlings, you need to take into account the distance of groundwater to the earth's surface. A wet area can cause the death of shoots in the winter.
The soil under the plantings of raspberries should be fertile, light, and breathable.
Soil preparation
Depending on what time you will be engaged in planting raspberry seedlings, prepare the soil.
During autumn work, based on the fertility of the soil, add to one square of land:
- from 10 to 30 kg of manure;
- up to 80 grams of superphosphate;
- up to 50 grams of potassium sulfate.
If the planting of seedlings is scheduled for spring, then the fertilizers are mixed with the soil and the prepared pit is filled in - 50x40 cm. The composition of the fertilizers:
- compost or humus up to 10 kg;
- potassium sulfate up to 50 grams;
- wood ash - 400 grams;
- superphosphate granules - 100 grams.
Raspberry planting rules
At what distance are bushes planted
The raspberry planting scheme is an important aspect of growing a horticultural crop. If the plants are planted in rows, then a step of at least 70 cm between holes in a row, and row spacing up to one and a half meters. No more than two raspberry seedlings can be planted in one hole.
With the tape breeding method, it is planted in one row with a step of 35 to 50 cm. The tapes are placed at a distance of 1.8 to 2 meters.
This distance between rows and bushes provides comfortable growing and plant care. Each bush is sufficiently illuminated by the sun, well ventilated.
Landing technology
Now let's talk about how to plant raspberries. Before planting, the seedlings need to be prepared. First of all, you will need to trim damaged and excess shoots. According to the rules, only one is left on a raspberry seedling, cutting it to a height of 20 cm. If, upon examination, it turned out that the root system has dried up, the planting material is soaked in water for 10 hours. During this time, the roots must acquire vitality. Immediately before planting, the raspberry roots are moistened in a mullein solution or other nutrient mixture.
The cultivation of raspberries, its yield depend not only on the observance of proper care, but first of all on whether the rules for planting seedlings were followed.
Since raspberries can be planted in pits and trenches, let's figure out the peculiarities of each method.
- Planting raspberries in a pit... The soil is poured with a mound and a hole is made. Having lowered the seedling in place, gently spread the roots over the surface, sprinkle with soil. The next raspberry seedling is planted after 80 cm. The root collar is not buried in this case, it should remain several centimeters above the soil surface. When the soil subsides, it will also sink. Deepening the root collar of the seedling can cause decay of the root bud. High seating is also not allowed.
- Planting raspberries in trenches slightly different. The entire length of the trench is filled with the nutrient composition. First, fall asleep with humus or compost. The layer should be at least 15 cm, then mineral fertilizers and soil are poured. Mix thoroughly with a rake or a shovel. The soil is shed, only after that they begin to plant raspberry bushes.
After planting in a hole or trench, the soil around the seedlings is compacted and watered again. About 10 liters of water are poured onto one plant. Growing raspberries is simplified if the plantings are mulched with needles, humus, peat, straw, sawdust, as in the photo below. A moist environment will remain under raspberry seedlings, the plants will start growing faster. In addition, mulch inhibits growth weeds.
You should know that raspberries can be propagated not only by seedlings, but also by offspring, replacement shoots, cuttings, dividing the bush.
About planting raspberries short video:
How to care
Planting raspberries and proper outdoor care will ensure a rich berry harvest.
Raspberry care is an important process. Novice gardeners, in order to avoid mistakes, should heed the recommendations. To grow abundantly fruiting raspberry bushes, you need to strictly follow the agrotechnical methods:
- Raspberry is a moisture-loving plant, it needs abundant watering. The soil is moistened at least 30 cm so that the root system can penetrate deeper. Caring for raspberries in hot weather consists in timely watering. Do not allow the top clod of earth to dry out. To facilitate maintenance, drip irrigation can be used when growing raspberry bushes. Abundant watering is needed for plants during fruiting, but in no case should the water stagnate, as well as the drying of the soil at this time.Excess moisture can cause the roots to rot. If there is too much or not enough water during the period of caring for fruiting raspberries, this negatively affects the quality of the berries. At the end of August, watering is reduced if it rains. Shoots need time to ripen.
- The plant yields well if the soil is loose under it. Loosening of the soil is carried out after watering, but the work must be done carefully so as not to damage the roots of the young seedling.
- Weed weeding is one of the principles of caring for berry plantations. You can avoid this procedure by mulching the soil or spreading a dark nonwoven fabric under the raspberry bushes.
Pruning
In order for the planted plants to develop harmoniously, timely pruning must be carried out. This action is directly related to the question of how to grow raspberries: the "operation" is possible in spring, summer and autumn.
- The first pruning of raspberries is carried out in the spring immediately after the snow has melted or another cover has been removed. Each shoot should be inspected for damage. Branches that have a substandard appearance must be cut at the root. If the care of raspberries is correct, then to obtain a harvest, they leave strong raspberry shoots (no more than 10 per bush) with well-developed branches.
- Summer pruning carried out when the shrub blooms. There is no need to leave the withering tops on the plants; most likely, they suffer from a viral disease. Stems that are lagging behind in development are subject to pruning. The replacement shoots are also removed at this time; when they are cut out, a stump should not remain.
- In the fall, all the sprouted shoots and young shoots are cut out... The most developed ones are left for replacement, and with a margin: you never know how they will overwinter. After control pruning, the stems are bent to the ground, tied together. So that they do not rise to the moment of shelter, you can press the "sheaves" with a hairpin.
For an unusual way of growing raspberries, see the video:
Top dressing
If you want to get a rich harvest of berries, you need to know not only how to plant, propagate raspberries, but also how to feed them. After planting raspberries, a berry bush can do without feeding for some time. He uses organic matter and mineral fertilizers laid in a pit or trench. But after a month, the plants will need top dressing, otherwise the bushes will go weakened in the winter.
How to feed bushes:
- Rotted manure is used as fertilizer for plants. Organic matter contains the necessary substances. Top dressing is scattered over the entire surface, lightly sprinkled with earth. This must be done before watering the raspberries. Manure works in two ways - it feeds the raspberry bush and prevents weeds from growing.
- Plant feeding can be carried out with wood ash. It is scattered over a slightly damp surface, mixed with soil and spilled.
- For feeding raspberries, potash, phosphorus and nitrogen-containing fertilizers are used.
- When the leaves turn yellow, which indicates a lack of nitrogen, ammonium nitrate is introduced.
Conclusion
As a rule, planting, growing, caring for any plants is not easy, laborious, but interesting. Raspberries are no exception. How much a gardener needs to know to grow berries of different sizes and colors! But then, what pride will the soul be filled with at the sight of raspberry bushes bending under the weight of the harvest!
