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It is recommended to cut ezemalina 2-3 times per season: in early spring, early summer and in mid-autumn. This is done to form a bush, to rejuvenate it and for sanitary purposes (removing sick and weak branches). Periodically, you should pinch the apical shoots so that the ezemalina does not grow chaotically. Then the plant will be easier to care for, and the yield will remain at a stable level.
Why prune ezemalina
Pruning the jaggery is a must, since the bush grows well. If not trimmed, the plant can take up too much space, and old branches will interfere with the active growth of new shoots. The procedure is carried out for different purposes:
- Formation of the ezhemalin bush - giving the correct contours, thinning the crown to maintain an attractive appearance. Also, the procedure is carried out in order to facilitate care and harvesting.
- Sanitary shearing of the jaggery is necessary to remove branches affected by winter frosts, diseases and pests, as well as to eliminate broken shoots.
- Rejuvenating treatment - pruning old branches (they can be easily distinguished by their gray-brown surface color) to stimulate the growth of new shoots.
Another task is to prepare the shrub for winter. The hairstyles are cut every October, 2-3 weeks before frost. For perennial shrubs, radical pruning is also carried out, removing all old branches at the root and leaving only young green shoots. This should be done only in case of a sharp drop in yield. Pruning is carried out for the winter, so that the bush has time to recover and give new shoots in the spring.
Extra branches have to be deleted for practical purposes as well. Ezhemalina bushes grow strongly, occupying paths, neighboring beds and flower beds. The crown can be thinned out both in autumn and spring.
In all cases, pruning is carried out using a sharp secateurs with a comfortable handle. It is advisable to pre-treat its blades with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or other antiseptic. Work is carried out with gloves, if necessary, use a low stepladder. Safety glasses are recommended to avoid splashing in the eyes.
Pruning the jessalina prevents the shrub from overgrowing and also maintains a stable yield.
When you need to cut the jemaline, in what month
Ezemalina pruning is carried out in spring, autumn and even summer. The first stage occurs at the end of March - beginning of April, when the bush has not yet had time to start growing (the buds have not swollen, that is, before the start of sap flow). The second period lasts from late May to early June. The last haircut is planned for mid-October. Specific dates should be chosen based on the climatic characteristics of the region.
Is it possible to prune ezemalina in the fall
Ezhemalina needs to be cut in the fall for the winter: it is correct to do this in the first half of October, but definitely not during the frost period, when a weakened shrub may suffer. Approximate timeframes for different districts:
- middle band - mid-October;
- southern regions - the second decade of November;
- North-West, Ural - the first ten days of October;
- Siberia, the Far East - until October 10.
The formation of a bush does not begin until the second season.
Do I need to prune ezemalina in the spring
In the spring, a haircut is carried out for the following purposes:
- removal of diseased branches is a sanitary measure;
- to stimulate the growth of new shoots - a rejuvenating procedure.
The first stage is planned for early spring. You must be in time before sap flow:
- middle band - early April;
- southern regions - mid-March;
- North-West, Ural - the first ten days of April;
- Siberia, Far East - April 10–20.
The second stage of pruning is planned for the end of May - the first half of June. At this moment, long branches are shortened, a bush is formed, leaving seven powerful shoots.
Pruning is carried out to rejuvenate the shrub. All old shoots are completely removed, even if they have harvested this year, and leave 9-10 powerful branches.
Yazhmalins are pruned in spring, summer and autumn
Correct pruning of jemalina, depending on the variety
Features of shrub trimming depend on the variety. According to this indicator, three groups are distinguished - erect, creeping and remontant.
Erect
Erect ezemalina varieties are distinguished by straight, strong shoots
Examples of such varieties: Tayberry, Darrow, Medana. The main feature of pruning of these varieties is that it is carried out immediately after harvest (early August). The instruction is as follows:
- All biennial shoots that have brought berries this season are completely removed. They are covered with a layer of wood (brownish tint). These are more bushy and heavier branches.
- Annual shoots are left, with the exception of damaged and sick ones. They also need to be thinned well so that the crown remains free and light penetrates all the leaves.
- If there are long shoots, they are shortened to 1 m. Moreover, some branches may sag a little - then they are tied to a trellis, bending the tops downward.
A new pruning is carried out in the spring.
At the beginning of April, you need to remove all dead, broken, frost-damaged branches
In the first decade of April, lateral shoots are shortened, leaving 20–30 cm. Then, in May, new shoots will actively begin to appear.
Creeping varieties
Creeping varieties do not have erect shoots - they need a mandatory garter to the trellis
If you do not prune, such shrubs grow strongly, interfering with neighboring plantings and protruding onto the paths. Creeping varieties include: Silvan, Cumberland, Loganberry, Merry Berry.
The peculiarity of pruning creeping representatives: in October, old branches are completely removed from them. If some shoots are too long, they are shortened to 2 m, and the remaining side branches - to 30–40 cm. After that they are tied to the trellises so that the bush takes the shape of a fan. To do this, pull a few ropes or wires at intervals of 20-30 cm. Young shoots are fixed on one side, and fruiting branches on the other.
Fan-shaped autumn pruning is used for creeping varieties
The spring haircut of the culture is carried out at the end of March or the first half of April. At this time, all broken and frostbitten shoots are removed.
Repaired varieties
The remontant varieties include varieties that give two harvests in one season. The most common representatives: Buckingham, Marion, Red Diamond.
These species require special care. To provide a second wave of flowering, pruning is carried out two or three times per season:
- In late March - early April, they do a sanitary haircut, removing diseased, dried branches. All large branches are shortened to a short length (15 cm), leaving at least four healthy buds on each.
- In late May - early June, they begin to form a young shrub. It is necessary to leave 5-6 strong branches, and cut the shoots of medium length by half.
- Two-year-old branches are harvested in autumn. Pruning can be scheduled for October or in August after the second harvest.
Seasonal features
The haircut of any crop is carried out according to a specific schedule. To provide the plant with maximum comfort, you should take into account the features of the season:
- In early spring, the shrub has not yet woken up, but some branches have suffered from frost. At this moment, a sanitary haircut is required. If you need to rejuvenate the plant, it is better to do it in March or April. Then ezhemalina will give new shoots this season.
- The second stage of pruning (late spring) involves thinning the crown, shortening branches that are too long, and removing diseased shoots (if necessary).
- Over the summer, the shrub grows well, therefore, it is better to form the yogurt in the fall. The procedure is started immediately after harvest or at the beginning of October, 15–20 days before frost. At this stage, all two-year-old shoots that have already produced berries are completely cut off. Annual branches should be greatly shortened (up to 50 cm in height). Before wintering, 8-9 strong branches are left, and the rest are completely removed.
The scheme of the formative pruning of the jemalina will help to carry out the procedure correctly
How to care for a jar after pruning
Since the ezemalina is injured during pruning, it is necessary to provide good enough care for the restoration of the bush. Sprinkle the wounds with crushed charcoal or activated carbon powder. They can also be treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate or covered with garden varnish to prevent infection.
Since the shrub grows well (up to 4–5 m in height), after the autumn pruning, it is necessary to tie the shoots to the trellises. The best option is to put a flat trellis up to 2.5 m high. Four wires or strong ropes are pulled onto it at a distance of 30–40 cm. All fruit-bearing shoots are tied to guides at different heights. It is best to pull the rope in the form of a snake, as shown in the figure.
Tying the fruit-bearing branches of the yogurt to the trellis after pruning is necessary for the convenience of working with the crop
After pruning in the fall, it is also recommended to pinch all the tops of the shrub to stop growth. Thanks to this, the ezemalina will have time to prepare for the cold season. For the winter, the branches are removed from the trellises and placed on a layer of spruce branches or sawdust. You can sprinkle the top with the same material, and also use:
- dry foliage;
- straw;
- sheets of three-layer corrugated board;
- black peat.
In regions with frosty winters, it is recommended to install a frame, throw dry foliage or other mulch on the bush, and stretch dense agrofibre on top. In early spring, such a shelter must be disassembled gradually, opening first one, then the other edge.
The frame for the shelter of the Yazhmalina is installed after the autumn pruning
After each haircut, the culture needs to be fed. The choice of fertilizers depends on the season:
- spring - ammonium nitrate, urea or other nitrogen compounds;
- summer - superphosphate and potassium salt or organic matter;
- autumn - superphosphate, potassium salt and wood ash (nitrogen is excluded).
Conclusion
You need to cut the ezemalina at least twice a season. In the spring, the procedure is carried out for sanitary purposes, at the beginning of summer - to increase yields and stimulate the growth of new shoots. In the fall, you can start forming a bush. At the same moment, it is necessary to prepare the plants for winter - to tie them to a trellis, cover and mulch, and also apply fertilizers. The rules for the autumn pruning of Yezemalina are described in detail in the video.
