Content
Diseases of cabbage in the open field are a phenomenon that every gardener can encounter. There are numerous diseases that can damage crops. The method of treatment directly depends on what kind of infection struck the cabbage. Therefore, before the procedures, it is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis based on the present symptoms.
Features of diseases of white cabbage
The main reason for the development of diseases is a violation of the technology of planting and subsequent care. Many varieties of cabbage are considered unpretentious. However, for full-fledged growth, they require certain conditions.
Diseases of cabbage are of infectious origin. Pathogenic microorganisms infect certain parts of the plant, provoking the death of plant cells and subsequent decay. Harmful bacteria and fungi are activated in the presence of favorable factors.
Among them:
- high air humidity;
- stagnation of moisture in the soil;
- planting in acidic soil;
- improper storage of seedlings;
- excess organic matter in the soil;
- irrigation with contaminated water.
The fungus that infects cabbage lives in the ground, is introduced with seedlings and harmful insects
Other infected plants can be the source of infection. Most often, fungi and bacteria are transmitted from eggplants, peppers and tomatoes.
Description of cabbage diseases and the fight against them
The plant is susceptible to various types of infection. Therefore, the most common diseases of cabbage outdoors should be considered. This will allow taking timely remedial measures and saving the crop from possible death.
Cabbage keel
A fungal disease caused by Plasmodiophora spores. Pathology predominantly affects young plants that have recently been planted in an open area. The disease also occurs on seedlings if they are open and regularly ventilated.
Keela attacks the root system of the plant. Because of this, it cannot fully eat and begins to fade. Affected heads of cabbage lag behind in development and root poorly, which is why they can be removed from the soil without any difficulty.
The disease is accompanied by the appearance of growths on the roots, more often appears in young seedlings
No specific treatment measures are used. Affected plants are removed from the soil to prevent contamination of nearby cabbage. If the disease has affected the seedlings, it is strictly forbidden to plant it in the ground.
Other crops can be planted in the soil in which the cabbage affected by the keel grew. The only condition is that the plants should not belong to the cruciferous family.
Peronosporosis
This disease is also known as powdery mildew. Pathology is provoked by the fungi Peronospora brassicae. It is one of the most common diseases among vegetable crops.
Signs of pathology:
- The appearance of gray and yellowish spots on the leaves.
- Pale bloom on the plant.
- Dying off of the affected areas.
Downy mildew appears on both young and mature plants
The main cause of the disease is high humidity. In the absence of timely measures, the infection affects the plantings and can lead to loss of yield.
To combat the fungus, the preparations "Fitoftorin" and "Ridomil Gold" are recommended. Bordeaux mixture is also used for medicinal purposes.
Video on the preparation of a medicine against diseases of white cabbage:
Fusarium
A fungal disease that provokes wilting at different periods of the growing season. The infection penetrates into the vessels of the plant, preventing adequate nutrition of the cells. In agriculture, fusarium wilting is often called cabbage jaundice, which is associated with the symptoms of such a disease.
Main manifestations:
- The appearance of yellow spots between the veins of the leaf plate.
- Yellowing of the leaf.
- Head deformation.
- Brown spots on the leaf cut at the base.
Fusarium disease leads to cell death and plant wilting
Affected heads of cabbage cannot be cured of the fungus. They need to be removed from the soil to prevent contamination of neighboring plants.
Systemic fungicides are used to combat the disease. The most effective drugs are "Tecto", "Topsin-M", "Benomil", "Titusim". They need to periodically process healthy plants in order to prevent fungal infection.
Fomoz
The disease is known among gardeners as dry rot. Provoked by Phoma lingam fungi.
Pathology is accompanied by the formation of light gray spots with black dots inside. The lesion extends to leaves and roots. The stem of young plants is usually infected when the seeds are infected.
Phomosis is often transmitted by fungal spores
The disease affects the plant at high air humidity and a temperature of 20-24 degrees. When a fungus appears, diseased cabbage must be removed from the soil. For prevention, planting is treated with fungicides.
White rot
This is the most common storage disease in cabbage. It can also occur on mature plants.
The main signs are:
- The appearance of rot on a head of cabbage near the soil surface.
- Discoloration of the outer leaves.
- Softening of the affected tissue.
- Gradual decay of the entire plant.
High humidity and rainy weather contribute to white rot
There are no specific methods of dealing with such a disease. It is necessary to remove cabbage leaves that have begun to rot. After that, the plant is treated with an anti-fungal agent. In many cases, this allows the fruit to be preserved if the rotting process is superficial and has not spread to the inner leaves of the cabbage.
Mosaic
The disease is provoked by viral microorganisms. The infection can affect both early and mature cabbage. Some ornamental plants are the source of the virus. Also, pathogenic microorganisms can enter the soil when treated with non-sterile fertilizers or when watering.
Infection is facilitated by improper treatment of bushes or infected crops that are in the neighborhood
Because of these symptoms, the mosaic is often referred to as cabbage black spot. The disease is considered incurable. Infected plants are removed from the soil, isolating them from healthy ones.
Blackleg
The disease develops in the early stages of the growing season. Usually, the disease affects cabbage seedlings immediately after planting in open ground.
Main reasons:
- The technology of growing seedlings is violated.
- Planting was made in contaminated soil.
- The outflow of liquid in the soil is disturbed, due to which the humidity is increased.
- Organic residues of infected plants were used as fertilizer.
Blackleg, unlike other cabbage diseases, is provoked by several types of fungi. The main similarity is that pathogenic spores infect the root system of the plant.
Rot spreads from the root to the bottom leaves of the cabbage
It is impossible to cure a black leg. The plant will either die or grow defective. However, infection can be prevented.To do this, you need to pickle the cabbage seeds with fungicides before sowing. On the eve of planting seedlings, it is necessary to disinfect the soil, and also make sure that it is not too acidic.
Mucous bacteriosis
The disease is caused by pathogenic microorganisms of the gram-negative type. Bacteria penetrate into the plant through minor damage. They are also able to get into the head of cabbage from the soil with water, spread by insects.
Usually bacteriosis develops in the summer. The pathogen actively multiplies at a temperature of 25-27 degrees and a humidity of 50%.
In the photo of the cabbage disease, mucus is visible due to a bacterial infection.
Slimy bacteriosis appears on cabbage during cultivation and storage
It is possible to get rid of mucous bacteriosis only in the early stages. The affected leaves are removed from the plant, the head is treated with an antibacterial fungicide. If the bacteriosis has spread to the inner leaves, the cabbage must be removed from the soil, since it can no longer be treated.
Prevention of cabbage diseases
The disease can be prevented if the cultivation technology is followed. In addition, there are a number of preventive measures. They can significantly reduce the risk of disease and crop loss.
Prevention methods:
- Disinfection of seeds before sowing cabbage seedlings.
- Maintaining optimal humidity and temperature levels.
- Regular airing of seedlings after crops emerge.
- Disinfection of the soil before planting.
- Timely fungicide treatment.
- Control of pests that spread the infection.
- Correct watering regime.
- Competent crop rotation of crops on the site.
For the prevention of diseases, it is recommended to process the seeds before planting.
Such activities will not only help reduce the risk of disease. They also have a positive effect on the quality and quantity of the crop.
Gardener Tips
Additional recommendations are useful for both beginners and experienced vegetable growers. A few simple tips will help prevent cabbage diseases and their unwanted consequences.
Recommendations of experienced gardeners:
- Before planting seedlings, wood ash should be added to the soil.
- Lime must be added to the contaminated soil around the plants.
- You should not fertilize cabbage with organic matter during the active growing season.
- For a good harvest, disease-resistant hybrid varieties should be chosen.
- On the site, you need to regularly remove weeds.
- It is necessary to protect cabbage from slugs and snails, as well as harmful insects that spread infection.
- Potassium nitrate is the best fertilizer.
- You need to water the cabbage with settled water, preferably not cold.
- Diseased plants removed from the soil cannot be used to make compost or humus.
Any antifungal and antibacterial agents must be used in strict accordance with the instructions. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the varietal characteristics of cabbage and the climatic specifics of the region.
Conclusion
Outdoor cabbage diseases are a common problem that can lead to crop loss. Most diseases do not respond to treatment. Therefore, to prevent negative consequences, comprehensive prevention is necessary, adherence to the cultivation technology and the rules of crop care.
