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Cucumbers are a common agricultural crop grown all over the world, the number of varieties is huge. Among them, the main part is occupied by hybrid cucumbers, there are about 900 types.
It is rather difficult to independently figure out which cucumbers should be planted in a greenhouse in a particular region, even experienced agronomists will not always answer this question. there is hybrid varieties of cucumbers, capable of bringing a high level of yield, but specifically in your region, their output will be negligible.
Indoors, high yields declared themselves parthenocarpic cucumbers, they are gradually replacing the varieties familiar to everyone, it should be noted that they are also hybrid, which means that it is not possible to get seed material from them at home, this is done by specialized scientific farms.
The advantages of growing hybrid cucumbers in the greenhouse, over the open ground, are that in the greenhouse the harvest can be obtained much faster, and the stability of the cucumber yield remains at a high level, this is due to the absence of negative natural factors affecting the cultivation of hybrids. In addition, in the greenhouse, you can create an ideal microclimate for the growth of cucumbers by pumping in moisture and maintaining a comfortable temperature.
How can an inexperienced greenhouse owner distinguish hybrid cucumbers from varietal cucumbers when buying?
Hybrid cucumbers grown both outdoors and in the greenhouse have a number of advantages over varietal ones:
- Endurance to sharp temperature changes downward;
- Significant resistance to typical diseases of cucumbers;
- Regular and high-quality yields, with the declared characteristics of the fruit.
It should be remembered that chasing huge yields claimed on foreign hybrids, be they Dutch or German cucumbers, you may not necessarily be able to harvest those yields in your greenhouse. After all, conditions in European laboratories and in domestic greenhouses vary significantly, so it is better to choose local varieties of hybrids that will show the declared results in your greenhouse.
The most common cucumber hybrids are:
- Regina plus - F1;
- Herman - F1;
- Arina - F1;
- Sultan - F1;
- Blank - F1;
- Green Wave - F1;
- April - F1;
- Ginga - F1;
- Arina - F1;
- Anyuta - F1;
- Orpheus - F1;
- Petrel - F1;
- Pasamonte - F1;
- Stay Healthy - F1.
When choosing a variety of hybrid cucumbers, you should pay attention to a number of specific factors that differ for each variety:
- For what purposes is the fetus intended;
- Ripening period of cucumbers;
- Hybrid yield;
- Seasonality of the release of cucumbers;
- The degree of endurance of the variety in the shade;
- Resistance to diseases of cucumbers and pests.
Taking into account all these properties, you will be able to prepare the varieties necessary for your conditions, be it a film greenhouse or a polycarbonate greenhouse. But the most important criterion is still zoning, cucumber hybrids should be designed specifically for your region.
Pollination methods
Both varietal and hybrid cucumbers can be divided according to the method of pollination:
- Parthenocarpic - varieties of greenhouse cucumbers, mainly of female types, seeds in them are almost completely absent;
- Insect pollinated - such cucumbers can only be used in greenhouses with a sliding ceiling;
- Self-pollinated - cucumbers with flowers that have female and male properties, this gives them the opportunity to pollinate on their own.
Purpose of varieties
When buying seeds, you should initially understand the purpose of their future harvest, they are:
- Universal varieties of cucumbers - Blagodatny F1, Voskhod F1;
- Pickled cucumbers are thick-skinned varieties with dark and powerful thorns, the highest productivity is demonstrated by Grasshopper F1, Brigantine F1, Cascade F1;
- Salad - Tamerlane F1, Masha F1, Vicenta F1.
Pollination types
The tendencies for growing cucumbers in the greenhouse are such that parthenocarpic varieties for the greenhouse are replacing self-pollinated ones, and insect-pollinated ones are practically unsuitable for a larger number of greenhouses. They have a number of advantages:
- Taste qualities are in no way inferior to common cucumbers, their peel has no bitterness, and the composition of minerals is more balanced.
- Year-round harvesting, despite the weather outside the greenhouse, such cucumbers bear fruit for up to eight months a year, regardless of the climatic zone.
- The presentation of cucumbers is ideal, all fruits are the same size, shape and color, among other things, these cucumbers last longer than competitors;
- There are varieties for universal use, of which you can equally successfully prepare a salad or make seams for the winter;
- The absence of such a factor as yellowing of the peel, in contrast to ordinary cucumbers. This is due to the fact that ordinary cucumbers turn yellow due to the maturation of the seeds, but in the parthenocarpic seeds there is no seed, therefore it does not begin to ripen. Cucumbers stay green and attractive longer.
There are, of course, disadvantages, all hybrids of cucumbers, and other vegetables, have a weak viability, which means that the exactingness of agricultural technologies must be increased, otherwise there will be no harvest in the greenhouse at all. Although modern hybrids have gained greater vitality compared to the samples of past years.
Seasonal cucumber groups
It is worth noting that even in the greenhouse for cucumber hybrids there is a significance of the season. So, there are cucumbers for winter cultivation in a greenhouse, and there are hybrids for summer cultivation. But taking into account the period of growing cucumbers in a greenhouse, for convenience they were divided into three groups:
Winter-spring varieties
These hybrids are undemanding to light, their fruiting period is rather short, and their palatability is at a high level. They are usually planted in a greenhouse in February and include:
- Moscow-greenhouse F1 - parthenocarpic hybrid of fast maturation;
- Relay F1 - has an average ripening period, but high yield;
Spring-summer varieties
Unpretentious varieties of cucumbers, they have proven themselves well with high yield, unpretentiousness, good taste and resistance to a drop in temperature in the greenhouse:
- April F1 - has large fruits weighing up to 170 grams. and high taste characteristics;
- Zozulya F1 is a hybrid type cucumber with female flowers, it also has rather large fruits.
Summer-autumn varieties
They are planted in July, these hybrids are distinguished by a long fruiting period, up to November, they are undemanding to good lighting in the greenhouse.
- Maryina Roshcha F1 - a hybrid of gherkins self-pollinating in a greenhouse;
- Anyuta F1 is a parthenocarpic type of hybrid, undemanding to care.
