Content
Kharkiv cabbage is a winter high-yielding hybrid bred by Ukrainian specialists in the mid-70s. For this, Amager 611 was crossed with Dauerweiss. The culture is zoned for cultivation in the temperate zone of Ukraine. However, as practice shows, cabbage grows well and develops in all climatic zones, except for the Far Eastern and Siberian regions.
Description
Kharkiv cabbage belongs to late hybrids. Harvesting can be started only 150-160 days after the mass emergence of seedlings. The leaf rosette of the cabbage is rather compact and raised. The plate is small, smooth. The leaf shape can be either oval or round. The color is green with a smoky shade. The surface of the sheet is coated with an intensive wax coating. There is a slight waviness around the edges. A head of cabbage of the Kharkov variety is distinguished by its density. Just like sheet plates, it has a wax coating. The shape of the head is flat-round. There is a stump inside the head of cabbage, the length of which can reach 20 cm.
Kharkiv cabbage is a proven variety for decades.
Advantages and disadvantages
Kharkiv cabbage is a fairly old hybrid, but despite this, it, as before, is popular. It is grown by both amateur summer residents and professional farmers. And this is not surprising, because no significant flaws were found in the Kharkov variety. At the same time, among its advantages are:
- high productivity;
- amicable ripening of the crop;
- drought resistance;
- good portability;
- high phytoimmunity;
- long shelf life;
- a fairly high index of cold resistance and heat resistance;
- pleasant taste.
The yield of cabbage varieties Kharkiv
The Kharkov variety is one of the most high-yielding varieties. Typically, its yield varies between 55-85 tons per hectare. The maximum volume is 108 tons per hectare. In recalculation, this is 11 kg per 1 m2. The output of marketable products exceeds 90%. The average head weight is 3.5 kg, but with proper care this figure can reach 4 kg.
Planting and caring for Kharkiv cabbage
Kharkiv cabbage can be grown both in seedling and non-seedling methods. The advantage of the second is that cabbage does not have to get used to new conditions when transferred to a permanent place. In this case, the plant takes root better and grows faster. The ripening period with this growing method is reduced by about 2 weeks. This method is also not without its drawbacks. With the seedless method, sowing seeds should be early, when there is a risk of spring frosts. The latter are a threat to the life of the plant.
For sowing seeds of the Kharkov variety in open soil in the selected area, depressions are made at a distance of 60-70 cm.The seeds are laid in the ground no deeper than 2 cm, about 5 grains are placed in each cell. After the plant has two true leaves, small and weak shoots are removed, leaving 2-3. After a while, others are harvested, except for one, the strongest plant.
Cultivation of Kharkov cabbage by seedling method is a more painstaking task. For planting seeds, prepare the soil from peat (75%), humus and sand. If the mixture is not purchased, it is watered with a fungicide solution.Seeds are sown in the second half of April in grooves with soil to a depth of 1 cm.At the same time, a distance between rows of 3 cm is maintained.
For cabbage seedlings to germinate, you need a sunny place and a temperature of + 18-20 ° C. In such conditions, the first shoots will appear in 4-5 days. Then the seedlings can be moved to another, cooler area. After 50 days, the cabbage can be transplanted to a permanent place. The optimal planting pattern is 40x50 cm. Each sprout is placed in a hole, filled with water and sprinkled with earth.
Rooted Kharkov cabbage is watered about once every 5-6 days. In hot dry weather, the frequency of irrigation is increased. Water is used purified and warmed to room temperature. In the case of young plants of the Kharkov variety, 6 liters of liquid are consumed per 1 m2. Then this dosage is increased to 12 liters per 1 m2.
Kharkiv cabbage is quite stable and does not die during drought, however, regular watering is necessary for its proper development.
For the entire period of growth and development of Kharkov cabbage, top dressing is applied under it 4 times after planting:
- In 2 weeks... For this, cow dung is used, 0.5 l is bred in a bucket of water. 500 ml of liquid is poured under each cabbage.
- After 4 weeks... The procedure is carried out in the same way as in the previous case.
- After 6 weeks... In a bucket of water, dilute 1 tbsp. l. nitrophosphate. Consumption of funds - 7 liters per 1 m2.
- 9 week... For feeding the Kharkov variety, either cow dung or nitrophosphate is used to choose from.
Removing weeds from the beds and loosening the soil are mandatory procedures. This allows you to saturate the soil with oxygen and reduce the risk of developing diseases. The procedures are often combined, the frequency depends on the watering. Usually they are performed the next day after watering, but at least once every 7-10 days. Hilling cabbage helps to protect it from pests and prevent the heads of cabbage from laying during the ripening process. Hilling is carried out twice: on the 10th and 45th days after planting in dry and calm weather in the evening (if this is done in the morning or in the afternoon, the soil will dry out). Hilling is done in such a way that, within a radius of 25 cm from each trunk, a maximum of the earth is pulled under the stem. A hill should form around the cabbage, about 30 cm high.
Diseases and pests
The Kharkov variety is resistant to most diseases typical of cabbage, including bacteriosis, fusarium, rot and necrosis. Since there is a plaque on the leaf plates of cabbage, it is not attacked by a garden flea, aphid. To prevent all kinds of problems, they are treated with fungicides (Fitoverm) and insecticides (Aliot).
If the cabbage was planted in heavy soil, it can be hit by keels. To prevent this from happening, you need to carefully select a place for planting and take care of the plant in the future. Among the pests, slugs are the most dangerous. To combat them, the mixture is scattered over the soil.
Application
Kharkov variety has a pleasant sweetish taste and high sugar content. Cabbage leaves are tender, juicy and crunchy. They have a pronounced characteristic odor. Cabbage contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, fiber and various trace elements.
The main purpose of this vegetable is to be eaten raw and boiled, fermented. Delicious salads are made from Kharkov cabbage. For raw consumption, experts advise taking the upper part of the head. It contains the most delicate leaf plates, it is recommended to cut them finely. For the preparation of hot dishes, a large shredder is desirable. In this case, it is better to use the coarse part of the vegetable.
Cabbage makes excellent pancakes and casseroles, vegetable stews, borscht, cabbage soup, etc. Whole leaves can be used to make stuffed cabbage. The rigid leaf petiole is not pronounced. Kharkiv cabbage reveals itself well in sauerkraut. The high sugar content in its composition is the key to excellent fermentation.At the same time, a large amount of juice does not allow the product to deteriorate ahead of time.
Fresh heads are stored for a long time, about 7 months. At the same time, their taste does not deteriorate, and they do not become less useful.
Kharkiv cabbage reveals itself well in sauerkraut
Conclusion
Kharkiv cabbage is ideal in every sense. It perfectly combines all production and taste qualities. The vegetable has a good keeping quality and is suitable for preparing any dishes. It is not difficult to get a good harvest, for this you need to follow the elementary rules of agricultural technology.
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