Corn in the Urals and Siberia: growing in the open field in the country

Corn is a thermophilic crop. In Russia, it is grown on an industrial scale and on personal plots in the Kuban, the Caucasus, and the Lower Volga. Planting corn in Siberia, the Urals, the Moscow region, the Leningrad region became possible thanks to the development of frost-resistant varieties, zoned in cold climates.

The best varieties of corn for Siberia, the Urals and the Moscow region

Early maturing varieties are chosen for planting in regions with a temperate climate. The culture must have time to mature in a short summer. The plant is thermophilic, does not tolerate a drop in temperature. Only vegetable species are grown. Forage varieties are not cultivated in Siberia and the Urals.

Many hybrids have been bred, which are zoned in cold climates. The best varieties of corn for Siberia, cultivated in the open field, include:

For planting in open ground, breeders offer the best varieties of corn for central Russia and the Urals:

1. Landmark F1 - an early variety, frost-resistant, tolerates a drop in temperature to +4⁰C, matures in 65 days. The plant is of medium height, producing ears 18 cm long with bright yellow grains. The taste is sweet, the flesh of the seeds is juicy, well suited for boiling.
2. Jubilee F1 - mid-season variety, ripens in 95 days. The plant is tall - up to 2.5 m, forms 15 ears 20 cm long. The seeds are bright yellow, the shell is thin. Stored for a long time, suitable for conservation. It has a high immunity to infection.
3. The sweet varieties of Bonduelle include a hybrid F1 bonus - early ripe, with good taste, fruits are used at the stage of milk ripeness for cooking, and ripe ones are used for conservation. The culture is planted for the food industry and on a personal backyard. The grains of corn are dark yellow, the shell is thin.
4. Ladozhskaya 191 - a popular corn in the Leningrad region, it is grown on personal plots and farm territories. Medium early variety, often found in the Urals. The culture ripens in 3.5 months. The plant is 1.7 cm high, the ears are up to 20 cm, the grains are bright yellow.

The best varieties of corn for the Moscow region that can be planted in open ground:

1. Trophy - a sweet variety of the Dutch selection, ripens in 70 days. Tall culture - up to 1.9 m, forms cobs 25 cm long, 40 cm in diameter, weighing 220 g. Grains are light golden with a thin skin, suitable for canning and cooking.
2. Andrea Hybrid - with a growing season of 2.5 months. A medium-sized plant - up to 1.5 m, gives ears of a conical shape, 18 cm long. The seeds are large, the fruits in the stage of conditional maturity go for cooking, after ripening - for canning.
3. Gamma - a variety of ultra-early ripening, you can pick corn in 70-75 days. Plant height - up to 2 m. Cobs reach - up to 28 cm, average weight - 270 g. The grains are large, bright orange.

Along with the vegetable species, the undersized Vulcan corn variety is popular among gardeners. Grains with a high concentration of liquid burst after heating.

When to plant corn in spring in Siberia

Planting culture is oriented towards the climatic features of the area. You should not rush to seed the seeds, if the soil has not warmed up, the plant will not sprout. In the middle lane, the dates for planting corn are in early or mid-May, the soil temperature should be at least +16⁰ C. Early ripening varieties have time to ripen, late varieties are not cultivated in temperate climates.

Sowing corn in the Urals, Siberia 2 weeks later, planting is carried out in late May or early June, depending on the temperature regime. After the emergence of sprouts, it is recommended to cover the culture with dark material. The black color attracts ultraviolet light, the material will protect the plant from night frosts.

What temperature does corn withstand

The historical homeland of corn is South America, a thermophilic culture. Standard seeds of the variety do not germinate at soil temperatures below +10 C. Panicles will not bloom if the minimum indicator is +15⁰ C. Favorable conditions for vegetation - +23⁰ C. Frosts affect seedlings. Even at freezing temperatures, the growth of young shoots stops. In all respects, planting and growing in Siberia and the Urals is almost impossible.

Through many years of work, breeders have been able to create varieties that meet the requirements of a temperate climate. After planting in open ground, seeds of hybrids can withstand temperatures down to -2⁰ C. This is not a record, single varieties are able to withstand frost down to -4⁰ C.

Germination of culture in a warm climatic zone - within 8 days, at a fairly high temperature. Early varieties, adapted to the weather conditions of Siberia and the Urals, germinate in the same period at relatively low temperatures.

Selection and preparation of a plot for corn in Siberia

Planting corn in any place you like will not work. The plant is whimsical to the composition of the soil. The culture will not grow on swampy soil with a high concentration of salts and high acidity. Planting involves loose, fertile soil, enriched with oxygen.

Before planting a crop, you need to prepare a site:

1. The soil is loosened in autumn, the roots are removed weeds.
2. Organic matter, potash and phosphate fertilizers are introduced.
3. You can sow winter rye, dig up in the spring along with the seedlings.

In the spring, 3 days before planting, the site is loosened again, nitrogen-containing agents are introduced.

How to grow corn in Siberia and the Urals

In the cold climate of Siberia, the Urals, the Leningrad region, corn can be grown in two ways:

• planting seeds in the ground - this applies to medium early varieties;
• seedling method - for early ripening culture.

Planting corn seeds outdoors

Cultivation of corn in Siberia by planting seeds on a garden bed is carried out according to the following scheme:

1. Furrows are filled with a depth of 7 cm, watered, planting begins when the moisture is completely absorbed.
2. The row spacing is 55 cm.
3. The distance between the nests is 35 cm.
4. 3 seeds are placed in each well.

The plant forms male and female flowers, it needs pollination. Planting crops in one row will reduce productivity. Form a bed of at least 4 rows. After germination, one strong sprout is left, the rest are removed.

Planting corn seedlings

To increase yields and shorten the growing season in an open bed, it is recommended to grow corn seedlings in the middle lane. This method works well in colder regions. Planting begins in the second half of April in Central Russia.Sowing corn for seedlings in Siberia begins in the second decade of May. The planting scheme for seedlings does not differ from sowing seeds.

How to care for corn in Siberia

After planting, the plant needs standard care to grow quickly in short summer conditions. Agricultural technology consists in watering, feeding, getting rid of weeds.

Watering

After planting the seeds, watering is carried out when shoots appear. The schedule depends on precipitation, the plant is thermophilic, but not drought-resistant, the top layer of the soil must not be allowed to dry out. Excess moisture for the culture is also undesirable. Watering is increased at the time of ear formation. If precipitation falls 2 times a week, this is enough for the culture.

Weeding and loosening

Loosening is an indispensable element of agricultural technology, plant growth after planting depends on how much the root system is enriched with oxygen. The first weeding is carried out when the seedlings grow up to 10 cm, the subsequent ones - as needed, preferably after each watering. When the plant begins to throw out panicles, it is recommended to huddle it for better moisture retention.

Top dressing

It will not work to grow a good harvest of corn in Siberia at the dacha without applying fertilizers to the soil during planting and subsequent feeding. Top dressing is given in 3 stages:

• after the formation of the 4th leaf, a solution of bird droppings or manure is introduced under the root;
• after 21 days at 1 m² scatter the mixture: saltpeter (20 g), potassium salts (20 g), superphosphate (40 g);
• when 8 leaves are formed, they give a complex remedy, which includes manganese, zinc, copper.

Diseases and pests of corn in Siberia

For prophylaxis, seeds are disinfected before planting. During planting, the Planriz solution is added to the hole. If the measures did not work, and the development of a fungal infection is observed on the plant, the culture is treated with drugs:

• "Vincite";
• Optima;
• "Sternifag".

Affected plants are removed from the site and burned. The planting site is watered with boiling water.

If, after planting, the plant grows slowly, waviness is noted on the leaves, the ears are underdeveloped with seed rudiments, there is a sign of the development of helminthosporiosis, then the reason is a deficiency of nutrients. Potassium-containing fertilizers must be applied immediately after planting. If the disease has developed, the feeding is repeated.

Parasitic pests:

• wireworm;
• aphid;
• scoop;
• turtle.

For prevention, crop rotation is observed, repellent plants, for example, soybeans, are planted nearby. When planting and growing crops in the Urals and Siberia, it is not recommended to use chemicals, bioinsecticides of contact action - "Aktofit", "Bitoxibacillin" are used against pests.

When corn ripens in Siberia

Planting seeds in open ground slows down the growing season and ripening of the ears by 15 days, the seedling method speeds up the timing. The ripening time depends on which variety is planted. The cobs are removed for consumption at the stage of milky-wax ripeness, approximately - at the end of August and until mid-September.

In the Urals and in the middle lane, hybrids are used for planting, which do not give full-fledged planting material. In the conditions of the short summer of the Urals and Siberia, the culture does not have time to reach biological ripeness.

Conclusion

Planting corn in Siberia, Moscow region and the Urals is possible with the right choice of the variety. Specially created hybrids for temperate climates are frost-resistant. Early ripe species after planting have time to mature in a short summer. On a personal plot, a dacha, a culture of sweet varieties is bred for cooking and canning.

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