Cucumbers: lack of fertilizer

Content

1 Necessary substances
2 Variety of fertilizers
3 Feeding cucumbers
4 Let's summarize

Cucumbers are very demanding on the composition of the soil. They need many minerals in a balanced amount. Excess or deficiency of trace elements affects the intensity of plant growth, yield, and the taste of vegetables. A competent gardener will always be able to determine the problem by the external signs that appear on the leaves and fruits of the plant. For novice farmers, we will try to determine in more detail the symptoms of cucumbers with a lack of fertilizers and their excess, as well as ways to solve the problem.

Necessary substances

The micronutrient requirements of cucumbers depend on the growing season. In general, a plant needs all the minerals in one amount or another. Cucumbers are intolerant only to chlorine.

Nitrogen

This microelement is essential for all plant crops, including cucumbers. Nitrogen allows plants to accelerate the growth of green mass. That is why cucumbers especially need nitrogen at an early stage of the growing season in order to form a sufficient number of leaves. Seedlings and young plants planted in the ground after rooting are fed with nitrogen.

In the future, the use of nitrogen can negatively affect the crop yield. With an excess of this substance, cucumbers begin to "fatten", increasing the excess amount of greenery, without the formation of ovaries. The leaves of the plant turn dark green. It is possible to correct the situation and reduce the amount of nitrogen by washing out the soil (regular abundant watering).

Important! Nitrogen tends to accumulate in cucumbers, therefore, after the appearance of ovaries, the use of dressings with this microelement should be reduced.

The lack of nitrogen in the soil can be understood by the following signs:

new shoots are not formed on cucumbers, existing ones grow poorly;
the leaves that form on the main stem are small in size;
old leaves acquire a light green and then light yellow color, over time they fall off;
the number of flowers and ovaries is reduced;
ripening small cucumbers with insufficient filling.

Observing such symptoms on plantings of cucumbers, care should be taken to apply root or foliar fertilizers with a high nitrogen content.

Phosphorus

Phosphorus in plants is primarily responsible for the growth and development of the root system. Without phosphorus, cucumbers cannot absorb other nutrients. trace elements from the soil, which leads to a general "starvation" of plants. This trace element is necessary at all stages of growing cucumbers and especially after planting seedlings in the ground. That is why, during the period of soil preparation, you should take care of the introduction of phosphorus. Also, phosphate fertilizers should be used during flowering, ovary formation and ripening of cucumbers. The amount of trace element should be moderate.

Signs of a lack of phosphorus in cucumbers are:

discoloration of existing, mature leaves. They become bluish or red;
young, formed leaves become smaller;
the growth of new shoots slows down;
the number of ovaries decreases, and existing cucumbers ripen slowly.

It should be noted that the lack of phosphorus in cucumbers is extremely rare. As a rule, this happens when growing cucumbers on depleted soils with an increased level of acidity.

Excess phosphorus also negatively affects the growth and yield of cucumbers. Signs of an excess amount of this trace element are:

accelerated growth of a plant with an insufficient number of leaves and side shoots;
cucumber leaves acquire a light yellow tint, necrotic spots can be observed on their surface;
untimely watering of the crop leads to a sharp wilting.

Too much phosphorus prevents potassium from being absorbed properly. Therefore, signs of a lack of potassium may also indicate an excess of phosphorus.

Potassium

Potash fertilizers are of particular importance for cucumbers. This trace mineral allows micronutrients to travel from roots to leaves and fruits, while accelerating the maturation of cucumbers. That is why potash fertilizers are applied to the soil before planting seedlings and in the process of fruit ripening. Without potassium, normal plant growth and development at all stages of the growing season is impossible.

A sufficient amount of potassium in the soil is the key to a tasty harvest. Cucumbers in this case are tasty, sweet, crunchy. In addition, potassium makes the crop more resistant to adverse weather, diseases and pests.

You can determine the lack of potassium in the soil by a number of signs:

the leaves of the plant become dark green in color;
the whips of the plant are strongly stretched;
cucumbers practically does not form an ovary;
a dry yellow border forms on the leaves of the plant;
ripe cucumbers are overloaded with water and have a bitter taste.

Thus, without sufficient potassium, you cannot get a good harvest of cucumbers. Fruits will set in small quantities and taste of poor quality.

An excess of potassium in cucumbers is rare. Its symptoms are:

discolored, pale leaves;
plant growth slows down;
internodes become long;
mosaic specks can be observed on the surface of leaf plates with strong potassium "starvation". Over time, damaged foliage falls off.

Excess potassium stops the supply of nitrogen, causing the plant to slow down its growth. The intake of other trace elements also slows down.

It is possible to determine the deficiency of minerals not only by the leaves and the intensity of plant growth, but also by the cucumbers themselves. With a lack of one or another microelement, they display an ugliness of a certain nature.

In the figure, in the first and second cases, nitrogen deficiency is displayed. The shape of the third cucumber signals a lack of potassium. The ovaries of cucumbers numbered 4 and 5 were improperly pollinated and therefore the fruits took on such shapes. The shape of the sixth cucumber indicates a lack of a whole complex of substances.

Lack and excess of other trace elements

It is nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that play the most important role in the process of growing cucumbers. Fertilizers containing these microelements in a balanced amount should be chosen for plant nutrition. However, in some cases, on depleted soils, cucumbers may lack other nutrients:

With a lack of boron, yellow frames appear on the leaves.... Flowers and ovaries, not having time to appear, wither and fall off. A characteristic light groove appears on the formed cucumbers. The shape of the fruit is curved. Excess boron causes the edges of the leaves to dry out, curling down like a canopy.
Lack of magnesium is manifested by uneven coloration of the plant leaf.... On it, you can simultaneously observe light and dark spots. With an excess of magnesium, the color of the leaves becomes dark, they begin roll up up.
If the veins on the leaves bulge out and acquire a dark green color, but at the same time the leaf itself becomes pale, then it is worth talking about a lack of manganese... An excess amount of this trace element stains the veins on the leaves red. The space between the veins is also covered with brown dots. Severe manganese poisoning leads to a cessation of growth, and then the complete death of the plant.
A yellow, dry border on the leaves that turns brown over time is a sign of calcium deficiency.... At the same time, the cucumber leaves themselves are pale, lethargic, twisted up. Excess calcium leads to chlorosis. Pale, necrotic, rounded spots appear on the leaves of cucumbers. Boron and manganese cease to enter the plant, which means that over time, symptoms of deficiency of these substances can be observed.

When one of the signs of "starvation" appears, it is necessary to immediately add the missing trace element. The source in this case may be mineral fertilizer, organic matter or other available means. You can apply top dressing by watering at the root or spraying. When choosing a method of applying dressings, it must be remembered that when spraying, the consumption and synthesis of substances passes much faster, which means that the effect of such measures will be noticeable almost immediately. To prevent the occurrence of a deficiency of a particular substance, it is necessary to regularly feed cucumbers with complex fertilizers.

Variety of fertilizers

Many gardeners prefer to feed cucumbers exclusively with organic fertilizers. Mullein, manure infusions and bird droppings for them are the main raw materials for creating top dressing. However, in the case of cucumbers, such fertilizers are not enough, since organic matter contains a lot of nitrogen and an insufficient amount of other trace elements. That is why, even when using organic matter, you should not neglect mineral supplements.

In agricultural shops, gardeners are offered complex preparations and certain nutrients. Depending on the task at hand, one or several of them should be selected:

Sources of nitrogen are ammonium nitrate and urea, which is sometimes called urea. For a single application to the soil, these substances are diluted in a bucket of water in an amount of 10-20 g and 20-50 g, respectively. The concentration of top dressing largely depends on the age of the plant and its condition.
For feeding cucumbers with phosphorus, superphosphate is more often used.... This trace element is introduced into the soil at the rate of 40-50 g / m².
You can fill the lack of potassium in cucumbers using potassium sulfate or potassium magnesium (a combination of potassium and magnesium). These substances do not contain chlorine harmful to cucumbers. A nutritional mixture is prepared from them in a concentration of 1-3%. A large amount of potassium is found in wood ash, which can be used in dry or liquid form (infusion) for feeding cucumbers.
Boron deficiency can be compensated for either with boric acid or with a special preparation Biochelat-Bor... Boron concentration in top dressing should not exceed 0.02%. For example, only 0.2 g of the substance is added to 1 liter of water. Boron is toxic and, if the dosage is exceeded, it can negatively affect the growth and development of cucumbers.
You can saturate cucumbers with magnesium using potassium magnesium.... During the season, in several stages, this substance should be added in the amount of 15-20 g for each 1 m² soil. Dolomite flour and wood ash also contain a large amount of the trace element. Consumption of these substances per season per 1 m² the soil should be 20-50 and 30-60 g, respectively.
Manganese for cucumbers can be obtained by diluting a weak, light pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).
Calcium can be added to the soil using calcium carbonate in the amount of 5-7 kg per 10 m² soil. Also, a trace element is found in chalk, dolomite flour, wood ash. For feeding cucumbers at home, you can make eggshell flour.

For feeding cucumbers, you can use a specific substance or prepare a complex mixture of trace elements in the required concentrations. When preparing fertilizers for young plants, special care must be taken as they are very sensitive to overdose.

On sale you can find combined fertilizers that combine the necessary trace elements in a certain amount.The most widely used of these is Ammophoska, a three-component fertilizer that contains nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. You can prepare such a mixture yourself by mixing ammonium nitrate (10 g), superphosphate (30 g) and potassium sulfate (15 g). Substances must be diluted in water and used to fertilize plants per 1 m² soil.

Important! When growing cucumbers, it must be remembered that the culture is intolerant to chlorine. It is for this reason that potassium salts, potassium chloride should not be used for feeding cucumbers.

Feeding cucumbers

Top dressing of cucumbers must be carried out from the moment 2 true leaves appear. For such seedlings, a whole complex of trace elements is needed, including nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus. Young plants can be fertilized with complex preparations, for example, Agricola, Bio-master, Topers.

An example of the use of such complex fertilizers is shown in the video:

Before planting cucumber seedlings, the soil must be fertilized so that it contains all the necessary trace elements for normal plant growth. So, in the fall, organic fertilizers with a high nitrogen content should be added to the soil. It can be rotted or fresh manure, humus. In the spring, just before planting cucumbers in the ground, it is necessary to add fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium. These trace elements will allow plants to better take root in new conditions.

A week after planting, the cucumbers must be fed nitrogenous fertilizers... They stimulate the growth of cucumbers and allow the plants to build up their green mass. During flowering and the formation of ovaries, a complex of fertilizers should be applied containing a large amount of potassium, phosphorus, boron and a little nitrogen. Such combined fertilizers should be used until the end of the growing season.

For the entire period of growing cucumbers, 3-4 basic dressings should be carried out. In the intervals between them, it is recommended to additionally introduce micronutrients by spraying and watering with low-concentrated solutions.

Let's summarize

Having decided to get a good harvest of delicious cucumbers, you need to stock up on certain knowledge. So, according to the leaves and fruits of cucumbers, you need to understand and determine the lack of a particular substance. This will allow to eliminate the problems in a timely manner and prevent the further development of micronutrient starvation, because the lack of one substance can cause the cessation of the supply of other substances, which will lead to a stop in growth and possible death of the plant. During the entire growing season, a caring farmer must repeatedly make complex fertilizing, which will not only prevent starvation, but also guarantee high yields and good taste of cucumbers.

Lack of fertilizer in cucumbers