Content
- 1 When to sow radishes outdoors in spring
- 2 Do I need to soak radish seeds before planting
- 3 How to soak radish seeds before planting
- 4 Radish planting equipment
- 5 How to plant radish seeds
- 6 Growing and caring for radishes in the open field
- 7 What can be planted after radish
- 8 Possible problems and methods of solving them
- 9 Pests and diseases
- 10 Conclusion
For many gardeners, the most favorite vegetable for the garden is radish, which is the first to reach the table before other root vegetables. To get an excellent early harvest, radishes are planted in the open ground in spring. During cultivation, the characteristics of the culture should be taken into account, although it is considered unpretentious to care for.
When to sow radishes outdoors in spring
There are no difficulties in cultivating a garden root crop, so even an inexperienced gardener can cope with this process. The main thing is to calculate the optimal planting period. It is necessary to consider such important points:
- At an air temperature within 0-10 0From the seed, it hatches and emerges slowly.
- If the weather is warm, the seeds germinate in 1-2 weeks.
While other vegetable crops are still growing, juicy radishes can be used to replenish vitamin deficiencies after a long winter period.
Lunar calendar for planting radishes for 2021
According to gardeners, it is desirable that the planting of radishes in open ground with seeds be consistent with the days indicated in the calendar of the lunar cycle. True, for many reasons, some people do not succeed in sowing a root crop in a favorable period.
It must be remembered that it is forbidden to sow this root crop on the days of the Full Moon or New Moon. This should be taken into account when sowing planting material in early spring.
According to the lunar calendar, favorable and unfavorable periods for sowing root crops in the spring of 2021:
When to plant radishes in the Krasnodar Territory
Kuban is an extremely huge Russian region. In Krasnodar, gardeners practice the cultivation of radishes in the open field approximately in the second / third decade of March, that is, after 15-20.
To extend the collection of root crops, you can sow seed again after a couple of weeks and continue this way until the end of May. Here you should focus on regional, atmospheric and meteorological features.
Region | the date |
Moscow region (Central strip of the country) | Second decade of April |
Ural and Siberia | Third decade of April and first decade of May |
Northwest | Third decade of April and first decade of May |
When to plant radishes in the regions
In other Russian regions, gardeners are mainly guided by weather conditions. As soon as the snow layer melts in early spring and the sun warms up the earth well, you can start sowing.
The estimated timing of landings in the following regions will also depend on the meteorological and atmospheric features of the regions.
At what temperature can you sow radishes
Radish seeds germinate fastest when the temperature rises to + 10—15 0C. Germination takes place within 2 weeks or less. At air temperatures above + 16 0From the first green shoots may appear on the fourth day.
Note that the most acceptable temperature regime for growing a high-quality crop is + 18-20 ° C. At a higher air temperature, garden vegetation may begin to shoot. It throws out a peduncle and does not form a fruit.
Do I need to soak radish seeds before planting
Gardeners first, according to the lunar calendar, choose the days of planting radishes in March, and then they begin to prepare the seeds. To stimulate growth, it is recommended to soak the seed in various regulators, it can be Zircon or Epin. This procedure strengthens the immunity of plants.
Before planting, radish seeds are soaked in a manganese solution for 20 minutes, then washed with clean water. Flushing fluid should be dark pink in color. This will help disinfect the seed.
You can also germinate seeds by wrapping them in a damp cloth. So they will give higher germination rates.
How to soak radish seeds before planting
After buying radish seeds in the store, they are examined, if necessary, they are sorted out or calibrated in size using a fine strainer. The best germination rate is for seeds with a diameter of 3 mm. They produce strong roots.
Before sowing seeds, they should be soaked or they can be kept in a damp cloth for 24 hours. Some gardeners practice soaking seeds in hot water for a quarter of an hour. This method will protect the radishes from disease. After that, you can treat the garden crop with a growth stimulant.
Radish planting equipment
In farms, various types of seeders are used for sowing root crops. In the home garden, gardeners use folk wisdom in the form of egg trays. A board for planting radish can also be used, where holes are drilled at the same distance along the entire length in it, through which the seeds are sown.
Seeder types:
- Seeder for walk-behind tractor. With it, 6-8 rows are sown simultaneously.
- The tractor-type seeder covers a large sowing area. They are used on an industrial scale. For sowing - 12 rows or more.
- Seeder of the manual type on a wheel drive with a metering unit for seeds.
A very convenient option that many gardeners love is egg trays. After sowing, it is not necessary to thin out young green shoots. In the cellular holes, the bottom is cut off, after which the holes are laid down on the loose soil. Each point is filled with soil substrate and one seed nucleolus is sown. Care and watering are normal.
How to plant radish seeds
To obtain good yields of a garden crop, you need to sow seed on the permitted dates. The area for radish is prepared in advance. Seed nucleoli are processed, and gardeners also carry out a number of preparatory measures.
Then you can plant radishes
It is advisable to sow radish in open ground in the spring at the end of March (orientation to your region). Many crops are good predecessors for this garden vegetable.
Radish grows well in mixed plantings with various greens.
Preparing the soil for outdoor radish
This garden crop grows best in well-lit areas, where ultraviolet rays warm the ground before and after lunch. The beds should be protected from dry winds.The soil is suitable light, loosened and with neutral or weak acidity.
Usually, the planting of radishes according to the lunar calendar of 2021 takes place in the second or third decades of March. Sowing beds are best prepared in the fall. Root crops respond positively to organic matter in the form of rotted compost. 1 m2 leaves up to 7-8 kg of fertilizer. It is undesirable to use fresh manure.
How to sow radishes in open ground with seeds
When growing, the following scheme for planting radish in open ground is used, taking into account the following operations:
- The soil is equalized, the sowing furrows are designated.
- Keep between rows up to 10 cm.
- Embedding of seed material to a depth of 1 cm.
- Furrows are watered with boiling water.
- After a while, seeds are sown with one tape every 4-5 cm.
- The crops are sprinkled on top with loose soil and patted with the palm of your hand.
- Watered by sprinkling.
The first shoots in warm weather will appear in 3-4 days.
How to plant radish seedlings
For an earlier harvest of radish, some gardeners prefer to plant this garden crop as seedlings. Although the vegetable tolerates cool weather normally, it will develop better and faster after planting by seedlings.
Seedlings are planted in nutritious and loose soil. It must pass moisture and air well. The place should be illuminated by sunlight.
What can be planted next to radishes
The most favorable neighbors in the garden for radishes are leafy and head salads. With their foliage, they save the vegetable from the attacks of the cruciferous flea. Bush beans effectively repel pests of radish. Thanks to such a pleasant neighborhood, the radish tastes better as a root vegetable.
Growing and caring for radishes in the open field
A common technique for planting radishes is by furrows. The soil is leveled, furrow grooves are made and pre-soaked and treated seeds are sown at a distance of 4-5 cm from each other
For cutting rows, it is convenient to use the Fokin flat cutter. After the emergence of young shoots, they also spud the vegetable. Care for radishes is the same as for other garden crops. It includes regular watering, top dressing, loosening of the soil.
When the radish rises after planting
Before sowing a crop, you need to know the ideal timing for planting radishes in open ground to obtain friendly shoots.
So that the seedlings are not damaged or frozen, at first they can be covered with plastic wrap on top overnight. In the morning they raise it so that the radish can breathe.
Watering and feeding schedule
Further care for the garden culture is as follows:
- Radish is a moisture-loving plant. Therefore, the culture is watered once every 3 days. During the dry spring period, radishes need to be watered every evening to maintain the vegetable's yield. The top layer of the soil must not be allowed to dry out, this loses the taste and gains bitterness. Regular watering is required to form a normal root crop.
- For top dressing, it is better to use a humus mixture or compost. Any kind of organic matter and mineral complexes will do. Do not add manure of the current year to the holes, otherwise the root crop will be empty inside.
Thinning
Radish is considered one of the earliest spring vegetables. The secrets of growing this culture are simple - sow one seed nucleolus so as not to thin out. Pulling damages the young roots of the plant, which adversely affects the yield of the radish. In addition, the plant may begin to shoot.
When the first shoots appear, they can be earthed with a Fokin flat cutter. If the plantings are still thickened, they are thinned out at the stage of the primary pair of leaves. A distance of up to 5 cm is left between the root crops.Loosen the topsoil regularly to allow oxygen to reach the roots.
What can be planted after radish
After radishes, tomatoes and eggplants grow best. While the root crop is being poured, these garden crops are grown as seedlings. When the area is vacated after the radishes are harvested, tomato and eggplant seedlings are planted there.
For them, radish is an ideal predecessor, since crops do not have common diseases and pests. The smell of tomato tops repels cruciferous fly, aphids. For the same reasons, after radish, you can sow melons, beans, peas, many types of greens - lettuce, parsley, dill, onions on a feather.
Possible problems and methods of solving them
In late spring and early summer, a cruciferous fly can attack the radish foliage and destroy most of the crop. The most effective way to deal with it is to cover the garden crop with lutrasil.
With later sowing of radish, when the air temperature rises above + 20-22 ° C, the likelihood of the formation of coarse root crops increases. Radish does not form fruit normally, but instead goes to the arrowhead.
Shooting can also form for other reasons, for example, due to insufficient moisture during the period of root crop formation. The same happens when sowing seeds in cold weather at a temperature of + 8-10 0FROM.
Why radish does not form a root crop
Gardeners quite often face such a problem as stretching the plant, which does not allow the normal formation of the root crop and real leaves.
There can be many reasons for this:
- The air temperature is above + 23-25 0FROM.
- Depleted soil.
- The landing site is poorly lit by the sun's rays.
- Insufficient watering.
If the radish is grown in a greenhouse, it should be ventilated more often. Fertilize the soil with rotted compost. Sow radishes in open areas where there is plenty of light.
How to spray a radish from a flea
When the culture is damaged by the cruciferous flea, the root system of the radish and its root crop first of all suffer. The flea can jump up to 50 cm. It is especially dangerous in dry spring. During this period, the insect can literally destroy most of the plant's foliage in just a couple of days.
Do not spray chemicals for radish. Folk remedies are used. Wood ash works best against fleas. It must be mixed in equal proportions with tobacco pollen. Then powder the young shoots with this mixture. Repeat the procedure after 3-4 days.
Why is radish bitter
Radish initially has a slight bitter taste due to the presence of mustard oil in the root vegetable. This is what gives the vegetable a piquant bitter aftertaste. In cases where bitterness exceeds the norm, you need to look for reasons.
As a rule, at the stage of plant development, there was insufficient watering, but radish belongs to moisture-loving crops, and this should not be forgotten when growing. At the beginning of summer, it is usually a hot season. It is advisable to water the radishes abundantly twice a day.
Bitterness also occurs in old root vegetables. And, even more so, when the plant began to throw out an arrow. To inhibit the aging of the garden culture, gardeners cover the plantings with an opaque cloth through which air passes well.
Pests and diseases
It is important to regularly inspect plantings of a radish culture in order to timely identify the focus of localization of harmful insects or diseases of the root crop. When a problem is recognized, protective and preventive measures should be taken.
The most dangerous enemies of radish are cruciferous flea beetles, cabbage fly, aphids, thrips. Downy mildew, black leg, keela, mucous bacteriosis can be found among the diseases. For this reason, cabbage should not be a precursor to radish.
Conclusion
Having got acquainted with such a garden culture as radish, the secrets of growing this root crop no longer seem to be something complicated. Planting radishes in the open ground in spring is carried out with the help of various folk planting devices.It is important to use them so as not to break through young stems and not disturb the root system. The culture in the care is unpretentious, rich in vitamins and has excellent taste.
